Which of the following describes RNA?

RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base Uracil.

Autotrophs differe from heterotrophs because they

make their own food from carbon dioxide and water.

How does RNA differ from DNA?

RNA contains uracil and ribose.

A substance that moves by passive transport tends to move

away from the area where it is more concentrated.

Which of the following correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis?

H2O + CO2 --light--> sugars + O2

Which of the following describes how ALL consumers get their energy?

from eating organisms that are living or were once living

Which of the following does NOT provide evidence for evolution?

natural variation within a species.

Primary producers are organisms that

use energy they take in from the environment to make sugar

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NJBCT Review Questions

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A review for the #NJBCT

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Questions 93

Answers

1
The number of individuals of a single species per unit area is known as
population density.
carrying capacity.
logistic growth.
population growth rate.
2
The principle pigment in plants is
NADPH.
oxygen.
ATP.
chlorophyll.
3
Despite differences in size and shape, at some point all cells have DNA and a
cell wall.
nucleus.
cell membrane.
mitochondrion.
4
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
heterozygous.
dominant.
hybrid.
homozygous.
5
In the presence of unlimited resources and no disease or predation, a bacterial population will
increase exponentially.
increase logistically.
become endangered.
go extinct.
6
The process carried out by yeast that causes bread to rise is
yeast mitosis.
cellular respiration.
alcoholic fermentation.
lactic acid fermentation.
7
Mutations & genetic recombination that occurs during sexual reproduction are both sources of
genetic equilibrium.
stabilizing selection.
genetic variation.
genetic drift.
8
Which biogeochemical cycle involves photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
carbon cycle
phosphorus cycle
nitrogen cycle
water cycle
9
Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be
cyclic.
oxygen-rich.
anaerobic.
aerobic.
10
Fires, hurricanes, and other natural disturbances can result in
parasitism.
succession.
competition.
commensalism.
11
An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive & reproduce is a(n)
analogous structure.
speciation.
adaptation.
vestigial structure.
12
Which of the following is an important concept in the theory of evolution by natural selection?
homologous molecules.
descent with modification.
process that change the surface of the Earth.
the tendency toward perfection.
13
Which of the following describes RNA?
RNA is longer than DNA and uses 5 bases to code information.
RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base Uracil.
RNA is made in the nucleus & stays there to do its functions
RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base Uracil.
14
In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular
enzyme.
nucleotide.
amino acid.
promoter.
15
Autotrophs differe from heterotrophs because they
do not require oxygen to live.
utilize oxygen to burn food.
make their own food from carbon dioxide and water.
make carbon dioxide as a product of using food.
16
The first organisms to repopulate an area affected by a volcanic eruption are called
climax species.
keystone species.
pioneer species.
primary producers.
17
Maximum # of organisms that can be supported in the env is called...
carrying capacity.
exponential growth.
population density.
logistic growth.
18
The relationship between a tick and a host is an example of
mutualism.
succession.
parasitism.
commensalism.
19
Which of the following characteristics is NOT shared by both a horse and the grass it eats?
uses energy
response to stimulus
stable internal environment
movement from place to place
20
Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the formation of
one haploid gamete.
four haploid gametes.
three diploid gametes.
four diploid gametes.
21
Proteins are polymers formed from
carbohydrates
lipids.
amino acids
nucleic acids
22
Which of the following materials would be enough to allow cellular respiration to take place?
oxygen and lactic acid
carbon dioxide and oxygen
glucose and carbon dioxide
glucose and oxygen
23
How does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose.
RNA contains adenine and ribose.
RNA contains ribose and thymine.
RNA contains uracil and ribose.
24
During cellular respiration, which of the following are released as byproducts?
CO2 and H2O
O2 and H2O
H2O and O2
CO2 and O2
25
Organisms that contain genes from other organisms are called
mutagenic.
donors.
clones.
transgenic.
26
A tissue is composed of a group of
organ systems.
similar cells.
related organelles.
related organs.
27
What are the physical, non living components of an ecosystem called?
antibiotic factors
temperate conditions
abiotic factors
biotic factors
28
Nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a
fatty acid
protein
lipid
sugar
29
At the beginning of cell division, a chromosome consists of two
spindles.
centromeres.
chromatids.
centrioles.
30
The area inhabited by a population is known as its
age structure.
geographic range.
population density.
growth rate.
31
The graph below represents
exponential growth.
age structure.
logistic growth.
carrying capacity.
32
A substance that moves by passive transport tends to move
toward the area where it is more concetrated.
away from the area of equilibrium.
away from the area where it is more concentrated.
away from the area where it is less concentrated.
33
A cell has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after it divides?
12
6
4
24
34
The physical characteristics of an organism are called its
phenotype.
genotype.
genetics.
heredity.
35
A nucleotide does NOT contain
an amino acid.
a phosphate group.
a 5-carbon sugar.
a nitrogen base.
36
The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen is
synthesis
photosynthesis.
ATP synthase.
cellular respiration.
37
In many cells, the structure that controls the cell’s activities is the
cell membrane.
nucleus.
nucleolus.
organelle.
38
Nutrients move through an ecosystem in
water cycles
biogeochemical cycles
energy pyramids
ecological pyramids
39
One example of a density-independent limiting factor is
competition.
predation.
hurricanes.
parasitism.
40
Which of the following does NOT describe the structure of DNA?
nucleotide polymer
contains adenine-guanine pairs
sugar-phosphate backbone
double helix
41
A farmer's use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of
extinction.
natural selection.
artificial selection.
adaptation.
42
Which of the following correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis?
sugars + CO2 --light--> H2O + O2
sugars + O2 --light--> H2O + CO2
H2O + O2 --light--> sugars + CO2
H2O + CO2 --light--> sugars + O2
43
Which of the following describes how ALL consumers get their energy?
from eating primary producers
from inorganic chemicals like hydrogen sulfide
directly from the sun
from eating organisms that are living or were once living
44
When two populations no longer interbreed, what is the result?
artificial selection.
genetic equilibrium.
reproductive isolation.
stabilizing selection.
45
Which of the following does NOT provide evidence for evolution?
homologous structures of living organisms.
fossil record.
geographical distribution of living things.
natural variation within a species.
46
Animal cells have all of the following EXCEPT
a nucleus.
chloroplasts.
a cell membrane.
mitochondria.
47
The process of making proteins on the ribosome based on instructions from mRNA is called
translation.
molecular biology.
transcription.
transformation.
48
How well an organism survives and reproduces in its environment can be described as its
fitness.
common descent.
analogies.
homologies.
49
Primary producers are organisms that
obtain energy by eating only plants
consume plant and animal remains and other dead matter.
rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.
use energy they take in from the environment to make sugar
50
Using natural variations in organisms to pass wanted traits on to future generations is called
mutation.
inbreeding.
selective breeding.
hybridization.
51
A normal human diploid zygote contains
44 chromosomes.
XXY chromosomes.
46 chromosomes.
23 chromosomes.
52
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is known as
endocytosis.
exocytosis.
phagocytosis.
osmosis.
53
The way an organism makes its living, including its interactions is its
niche
lifestyle.
biome.
habitat.
54
Which of the following statements about a controlled experiment is true?
All the variables must be kept the same.
Controlled experiments cannot be performed on living things.
Only one variable is tested at a time.
Everything can be studied using a controlled experiment.
55
A new species is introduced to an area where there is a native species. One dies out because of
competition for resources.
mutualism.
commensalism.
predation.
56
Which of the following is a primary producer?
algae
earthworm
human
lion
57
Which of the following statements best explains the similarity in structure?
The two organisms spend all of their time in the water.
The whale and the alligator have a recent common ancestor?
The two organisms have the same method of locomotion.
The whale and the alligator evolved at the same time.
58
A mutation involving a change in a single DNA base pair
will have no effect on the organism's phenotype.
will definitely result in a genetic change.
may have an effect on the organism's phenotype.
will produce a positive change.
59
Intermediate fossil forms are important evidence of evolution because they show
how the embryos of organisms develop.
how organisms changed over time.
how animals behaved in their environments.
molecular homologies.
60
The total amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem can be shown in a(n)
biogeochemical cycle
biomass pyramid
pyramid of numbers
energy pyramid
61
The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called
homeostasis
metabolism
evolution
a genome
62
A limiting factor that depends on population size is called a
predatory-prey relationship.
density-dependent limiting factor.
parasitic relationship.
density-independent limiting factor.
63
An increase in the greenhouse effect causes an increase in
water.
oxygen.
carbon dioxide.
temperature.
64
What is the series of steps in which a large fish eats a small fish that has eaten algae is a
pyramid of biomass
pyramid of numbers
a food web
a food chain
65
The human brain is an example of a(n)
cell.
organ.
organ system.
tissue.
66
Cell membranes consist mainly of
lipid bilayers.
proteins.
protein pumps.
carbohydrates.
67
According to Chargaff's rule of base pairing, which of the following is true about DNA?
A = T = C = G
A = C, and T = G
A = T, and C = G
A = G, and T = C
68
The movement of individuals into an area is known as
emigration.
demography.
immigration.
carrying capacity.
69
Which of the following is NOT true about matter in the biosphere?
Water and nutrients pass between organisms and the env.
Biogeochemical cycles transform and reuse molecules.
Matter is recycled in the biosphere.
The total amount of matter decreases over time.
70
Which cell structures are sometimes found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?
mitochondria
chloroplasts
nuclei
ribosomes
71
In order for a cell to divide successfully, the cell must first
increase in number of chromosomes.
decrease its volume.
duplicate its genetic information.
decrease in number of organelles.
72
An example of a trait that is determined by multiple alleles is
ABO blood groups.
Down syndrome.
cystic fibrosis.
colorblindness.
73
The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together came from
bonds between the N-bases & the sugar-phophate backbone.
carbon-to-carbon bonds in the sugar part of the nucleotides.
weak hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.
the attraction of phosphate groups for each other.
74
What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?
It doubles.
It halves.
It stays the same.
It becomes diploid.
75
Changes in DNA sequences that affect genetic information are known as
mutations.
translation.
transformations.
replications.
76
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
replication.
translation.
transcription.
transformation.
77
Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule found in living organisms?
sodium chloride
protein
lipid
nucleic acid
78
A relationship in which one organism is helped and another organism is neutral is
competition.
commensalism.
mutualism.
parasitism.
79
The process that increases genetic diversity within a population is
binary fission.
sexual reproduction.
asexual reproduction.
cell division.
80
A chart that traces the inheritance of a trait in a family is called a(n)
autosome.
pedigree.
genome.
karyotype.
81
In a typical plant, all of the following factors are necessary for photosynthesis EXCEPT
water.
light.
oxygen.
chlorophyll.
82
All other things being equal, the size of a population will decrease if
death rate exceeds birthrate.
birthrate equals death rate.
immigration rate exceeds emigration rate.
birthrate exceeds the death rate.
83
During replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence TATGA?
ATACT
TATGA
CACTA
AGTAT
84
Different forms of a gene are called
dominant factors.
alleles.
recessive factors.
hybrids.
85
The process by which two cells from different parents unite is called
asexual reproduction
development
homeostatis
sexual reproduction
86
Which of the following is used by cells to release the energy needed to power cell processes?
H2O
CO2
DNA
ATP
87
A bird's wings are homologous to a(n)
fish's tailfin.
alligator's claws.
mosquito's wings.
dog's front legs.
88
Which is a source of energy for Earth's living things?
sunlight and chemical energy
wind energy only
wind energy and sunlight
sunlight only
89
Malaria is a disease caused by a
bacterium found in water.
parasite carried by mosquitos.
gene mutation.
defect in red blood cells.
90
Which scientist formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Thomas Malthus.
Charles Darwin.
James Hutton.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
91
Bone marrow cells that produce blood cells are best categorized as
totipotent cells.
pluripotent.
embryonic stem cells.
adult stem cells.
92
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is true?
Some codons specify the same amino acid.
Every codon specifies a different amino acid.
Some codons have no function at all.
A codon can specify more than one amino acid.
93
The period between cell divisions is called
cytokinesis.
G3 phase.
prophase.
interphase.

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