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Chapter 18: Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 18: Introduction to the Human Body
Chapter 18: Introduction to the Human Body
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1
Which term means the study of disease?
Craniology
Physiology
Pathology
Anatomy
2
Which quadrant contains the gallbladder?
left upper
right upper
left lower
right lower
3
Which term means the study of the structures of the human body and their positional relationships to one another?
Physiology
Anatomy
Pathology
Craniotomy
4
Which term refers to the thigh?
Axillary
Antebrachial
Femoral
Brachial
5
Which cavities is the ventral cavity subdivided into?
Thoracic and abdominopelvic
Anterior and posterior
Abdominal and pelvic
Cranial and spinal
6
Which process involves a piece of the cell membrane wrapping around large molecules and drawing them inside the cell?
Diffusion
Phagocytosis
Filtration
Osmosis
7
Which sequence represents how the body is organized from least to complex to most?
cells, tissues, membranes, organs, organ systems, organism
chemicals, molecules, tissues, cell, organism
chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
cells, chemicals, organs, tissues, organ systems
8
Which suffix means pain?
-itis
-plasia
-algia
-emia
9
Which part is the network of microfilaments and microtubules that provides an internal structure to many cells?
Plasma membrane
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytosol
10
Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections?
Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse
Midsagittal
11
Which term refers to the upper cheek?
Temporal
Zygomatic
Orbital
Costal
12
Which term refers to the armpit?
Antecubital
Femoral
Axillary
Brachial
13
Which process is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
Osmosis
Diffusion
Filtration
Phagocytosis
14
Which means the tendency of the body's internal environment to remain relatively constant with a narrow range of change?
Physiology
Homeostasis
Anatomy
Hemostatsis
15
Where is the wrist in relation to the elbow?
Distal
Lateral
Medial
Proximal
16
Which organelle provides adenosine triphosphate and cellular energy?
Mitochondrion
Golgi body
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
17
Which term means located on the back of a structure?
Proximal
Anterior
Posterior
Inferior
18
Which prefix means within or inside?
Dors-
Endo-
Histo-
Epi-
19
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
smooth, cardiac, and skeletal
hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic
ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm
cilia, microvilli, and flagella
20
Which term means the inner regions of an organ or structure?
Medulla
Ipsilateral
Transverse
Cortex
21
Which type of tissue is predominately fat, serves as storage for surplus food and as insulation to conserve body heat?
Epithelial
Adipose
Cartilaginous
Glandular
22
Which membrane lines closed body cavities?
Cutaneous
Synovial
Mucous
Serous
23
The heart, stomach, and brain are examples of which level of organization?
System
Tissue
Organs
Cellular
24
Which type of fluid is found in extracellular spaces between tissues?
Amniotic
Interstitial
Peritoneal
Lymphatic
25
Which term refers to the ribs?
Buccal
Temporal
Costal
Zygomatic
26
Which term refers to the forearm?
Femoral
Antebrachial
Axillary
Brachial
27
Which tissue heals rapidly?
Tendon
Epithelium
Bone
Cartilage
28
Which statement describes anatomic position?
Lying supine with the palms of the hands flat on the floor
Standing with the palms facing forward and the toes pointing forward
Standing with the palms facing eachother and the toes pointing to the side
Lying prone with both feet hip-distance apart, the toes pointing downward
29
Which terms represent the four principal types of tissues?
epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
Alpha, beta, delta, and theta
heart, lung, brain, and kidney
30
Which term means situated below or toward the tail end of a structure?
Anterior
Superior
Posterior
Inferior
31
Which component is the smallest structural and functional unit that can exist as a self-sustaining entity?
particle
molecule
cell
atom
32
Choose the movement of H2O across a membrane from areas of low to high concentration to equalize the fluid on both sides
Phagocytosis
Diffusion
Filtration
Osmosis
33
Where is the heart in relation to the vertebral column?
Anterior
Superior
Inferior
Posterior
34
Which type of muscle tissue is located in the walls of hollow organs and within tubes?
smooth
skeletal
parietal
cardiac
35
Which term means oriented toward or near the midline of the body?
Superior
Medial
Inferior
Lateral
36
Which term refers to the thumb?
Femoral
Brachial
Antecubital
Pollex
37
Which organelle is a network of curved sacs, in parallel rows, found near the center of a cell and transports protein’s
Nucleus
Golgi body
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
38
Which type of cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of bones and connects ribs to the sternum?
Fibrous
Elastic
Hyaline
Reticular
39
Which membrane lines open body cavities?
Cutaneous
Synovial
Mucous
Serous
40
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?
Frontal
Sagittal
Midsagiattal
Transverse
41
Which organelle breaks down unneeded proteins and pathogens by engulfing and destroying them using digestive enzymes?
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Lysosome
Ribosome
42
Which term means the study of how the body and its individual parts function in normal body processes?
Anatomy
Pathology
Physiology
Craniotomy
43
Which type of tissue forms the framework for organs and glands, and provides transportation and defensive functions?
Connective
Nervous
Muscular
Epithelial
44
Choose the movement of H2O and molecules across a cell membrane due to pressure.
Filtration
Phagocytosis
Osmosis
Diffusion
45
Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?
Coronal
Frontal
Midsagittal
Transverse
46
Which type of tissue covers external and internal structures, and lines open and closed body cavities?
Nervous
Muscular
Epithelial
Connective
47
Which process is characterized by swelling, heat, loss of function, redness, and pain?
Homeostatis
Phagocytosis
Local inflammation
Active transport
48
Which suffix means cell?
-cele
-clast
-cyte
-blast
49
Which term means related to opposite sides of the body?
Anterior
Contralateral
Ipsilateral
Medial
50
Which term is another name for intracellular fluid?
Nucleus
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
51
Which organelle is the control center of the cell, directing most metabolic activities?
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
Mitochondrion
52
Which type of muscle tissue is attached to bones?
skeletal
cardiac
parietal
smooth
53
Which term means groups of similar cells that act together to perform specific functions?
Tissues
Organelles
Organs
Molecules
54
Which type of tissue is regarded as the movement specialist of the body?
Connective
Nervous
Epithelial
Muscular
55
Which structure separates intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid and functions like a semipermeable filter?
Cell membrane
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Golgi appartatus