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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
2
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
case study
correlation study
experiment
3
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
PET
EEG
4
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
assimilation
attachment
parenting style
5
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
6
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
medulla
cerebellum
hypothalamus
7
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
mirror neurons
8
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
9
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
10
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
11
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
12
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
13
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
14
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
projective
triarchic
achievement
15
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
16
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
smell
hearing
sight
17
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
antagonists
dissociation
tolerance
18
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
behavioral
pharmacological
cognitive
19
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
a theory
overconfidence
self-serving bias
20
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
21
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
22
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
semantic memory
23
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
retroactive memory
recall
24
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
25
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
26
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
27
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cornea
cones
rods
28
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
IQ test
29
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
30
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
31
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
32
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
33
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
34
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
35
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
36
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
37
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
38
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
planning for the future
regulating emotion
39
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
40
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
41
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
William James
42
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
43
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
44
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
terminal button
myelin
45
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
46
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
convergence
linear perspective
retinal disparity
47
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
48
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
difference threshold
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
49
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
50
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
daily activities
51
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
52
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
53
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
54
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
55
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
56
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
57
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
58
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
accommodation
habituation
assimilation
59
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
family
culture
environment
60
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
61
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
balance
sight
hearing
62
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
continuous
secondary
partial
63
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
64
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
65
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
66
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
67
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
68
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
69
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
70
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
behavioral
71
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
72
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
standard deviation
median
mean
range
73
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
74
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
Babinski
rooting
stepping
75
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
content validity
76
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : punish
77
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
78
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
79
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
iris
blind spot
retina
80
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
81
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
82
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
universal ethical principles
attachment
object permanence
83
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization