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psychology exam 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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psychology exam 1
psychology exam 1
119 terms
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1
not letting people know about which one they are assigned to until results are out
random sample
hindsight bias
random assignment
operational definition
2
sleep deprivation
intuition and common sense
causes fatigue and irritability
receives messages from other cells
The process of testing ideas about the world
3
passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
axon
dendrites
thalamus
limbic system
4
menarche
quick gut feelings
onsets of male sexual potency
absence of menstruations'
first menstrual period
5
include opium and its derivatives, such as codeine, morphine and heroin; addictive
addiction
opiates
nicotine
depressants
6
the pros and cons of experimental method
pros: observational insights. cons: researcher bias
pros: qualitative data. cons: limited sample size
pros: controlled environment. cons: lack of real-world application
pros: independent variable. cons: dependent variable
7
principle that info is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious (explicit) and unconscious (implicit) tracks
selective attention
dual processing
consciousness
limbic system
8
aids in judgment of time, sound and texture discrimination, and emotional control
hypothalamus
cerebellum
amygdala
thalamus
9
people perceive patterns to make sense of their world
ignoring chaos in structured environments
perceiving order in random events
creating confusion thought complex system
perceiving order in radon events
10
maintain home environment while studying effects of genetic differences
biological families
separated identical twins
two- parent families
adoptive families
11
body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible
primary sex characteristics
secondary sex characteristics
behavior genetics
gender
12
the elementary components of the nervous system, the body's speedy electrochemical system
neurons
hypothalamus
dendrites
axon
13
pros: very natural, get natural reactions. cons: this causes this, control of the environment
the benefits of observational studies
the advantages of experimental research
the limitations of quantitative analysis
the pros and cons of descriptive method
14
study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
epigenetics
molecular genetics
evolutionary psychology
behavior genetics
15
focuses on seeking principles that help explain many behaviors and less on particular behavior
scientific method
psychological science
behaviorism
cognitive neuroscience
16
narcolepsy
intuition and common sense
descriptive, correlational, experimental methods
affects muscles action, learning memory
sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks
17
plato
soul residing in the heart
consciousness emerging from the body
thoughts generated by the brainstem
mind located in spherical head
18
what do neural centers include?
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
Occipital cortex, hypothalamus, insula
midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus
19
pons
is involved in the production of hormones
is located at the base of the brain and regulates temperature
is responsible for emotion responses
sits above medulla and helps coordinate
20
what does a theory do?
organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
disregards evidence in favor of speculation
compiles random facts without coherence
confuses data and leads to false conclusions
21
how do neurotransmitters influence behavior?
neurotransmitters have no impact on mood
neurotransmitters are solely responsible for physical movement
neurotransmitters only affects sleep patterns
neuro- travel designated pathways in the brain& influence behavior emotions
22
focuses on seeking principles that help explain many behaviors and less on particular behavior
scientice method
behaviorism
psychological science
cognitive neuroscience
23
the proportion of variation among individuals that can be attributed to genes
epigenetics
molecular genetics
heritability
tolerance
24
people tend to think they know more than they do
relational aggression
belief perseverance
over confidence
hindsight bias
25
affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
nirepinephrine
26
act of aggression intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing
relational aggression
prosocial behavior
physical aggression
gender
27
stimulating brain's reward circuits and reward deficiency syndrome
human research
animal research
scientific method
basic research
28
3 phenomena illustrate this:
random sampling, double-blind studies and meta-analysis
to identify what are the causes and effects of the event
hindsight Bias,overconfidence&tendency to perceive patterns in random event
anecdotal evidence, emotional reasoning and cognitive dissonance
29
large, slow brain waves associated w/ deep sleep
hallucinations
alpha waves
opiates
delta waves
30
the stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco
nicotine
cocaine
opiates
dopamine
31
GABA
a chemical in the brain that causes alzheimer's disease
molecule that increases a neurotransmitter action
affects mood, hunger,sleep, and arousal
a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
32
aristotle
mind located in spherical head
mind found in heart
attitudes, specific fears, interests, tastes
affects mood, hunger,sleep and arousal
33
results from alot of critical thinking, review of previous studies, theories that might be relevant
problem recognition
problem definition
orientation
need identification
34
types of research methods
descrides a phenomenon
to identify what are the cause and effects of the event
descriptive, correlational, experiment methods
attitudes, specific fears, interest, tastes
35
what do individualist cultures value?
the ability to act together
interference
autonomy
independence
36
biological rhythms
a measure of physical fitness
a random fluctuation in energy levels
24-hour biological clock
the body response to seasonal change
37
complex molecule containing the genetic info that makes up the chromosomes
dna
chromosomes
pons
evolutionary psychology
38
what is one benefit of publication in research?
problem definition
feedback
interdependence
autonomy
39
to identify what are the causes and effects of the event
scientific method
limbic system
experimental method
descrptive method
40
internal biological clock of 24-hour cycle of day and night
biological rhythms
circadian rhythm
rem rebound
consciousness
41
study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
molecular genetics
behavior genetics
epigenetics
evolutionary psychology
42
humans cannot rely solely on ________ and _________ _________.
facts and statistics
intuition and common sense
theory and hypothesis
experience and tradition
43
influences movement, learning, attention and emotion
acetylcholineacetylcholine
dopamine
neurons
norepinephrine
44
molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's action
axon
antagonist
gender
glutamate
45
auditory cortex
controls muscle movement in your limbs
processes visual information form the brain
receives information from your ears
transmits signals to your eyes
46
gall
phrenology revealed mental abilities and character traits
phrenology focused on physical strength and agility
phrenology analyzed emotional response to art
phrenology studied the effects of diet on intelligence
47
Insomia
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue
frequent nightmares and vivid dreams
recurring problem in falling or staying asleep
48
norepinephrine
inhibits neurotransmitter release
regulates digestive processes
helps control alertness and arousal
decreases heart rate and promotes sleep
49
glutamate
a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter; reduces
a neurotransmitter that primarily affects muscle contraction
a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels
a major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
50
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes
neurons
chromosomes
dna
epigenetics
51
hallucinations
false sensory experiences
tissue destruction
distort perception and evoke sensory images
intuition and common sense
52
condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus w/o consciously experiencing it
blindsight awareness
selective attention
hindsight bias
inattentional blindness
53
act of aggression intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing
relational aggression
gender
physical aggression
prosocial behavior
54
organizing, summarizing, and analyzing the data collected, quantitative techniques
analysis
adaption
theories
antecedent
55
describes a phenomenon
descriptive method
experimental method
hypothesis
scientific method
56
natural opiates released in response to pain and exercise
dopamine
endorphins
seotonin
acetylcholine
57
what do collectivist cultures value?
feedback
commitment
interdependence
triangulation
58
selective attention
focusing conscious on a particular stimulus
the ability to multitask effectively
a state of heightened emotional awareness
ignoring all external stimuli completely
59
correlational method
comparison of multiple groups
relationship between 2 variables
evolution of qualitative data
analysis of a single case
60
every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
environment
culture
behavior genetics
epigenetics
61
any act to harm someone physically or emotionally
discrimination
aggression
violence
depressants
62
GABA
a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
molecule that increase a neurotransmitters actions
affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal
a chemical in the brain that causes alzheimers disease
63
religious beliefs, values, manners, attitudes, politics and habits
3 phenomena illustrates this:
the pros and cons of experimental method
types of research methods
parenting has an influence on
64
slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
rem rebound
delta waves
sleep apnea
alpha waves
65
failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
Inattentional blindness
dual processing
consciousness
selective attention
66
not letting people know about which one they are assigned to until results are out
hindsight bias
random sample
operational definition
random assignment
67
is located at the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
amygdala
cerebellum
medulla
thalamus
68
discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior
tolerance
addition
withdrawal
depressants
69
using brain stimulation to control animals' actions in search-and-rescue operations
ethical research
human research
basic research
animal research
70
slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
delta waves
rem rebounds
sleep apnea
alpha waves
71
consists of two lima bean-sized neural clusters; linked to emotion
hypothalamus
cerebellum
thalamus
amygdala
72
what does the scientific method involve?
developing theories without empirical evidence
gathering random opinions and making assumptions
setting up situations that test ideas/making careful,organized observations
condcuting surveys and analysis public sentiment
73
similarities in identical twins despite being raise in diff homes
educational achievements and career choices
attitudes, specific fears, interests, tastes
physical fitness levels and athletic abilities
the ability to learn new languages
74
helps restore and repair damaged neurons, strengthen neural connections and promotes creative problem solving
altering consciousness
functions of dreams
circadian rhythm
functions of sleep
75
stimulating brain's reward circuits and reward deficiency syndrome
scientific method
human research
basic research
animal research
76
spermarche
describes a phenomenon
receives messages form other cells
first ejaculation
the stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco
77
hallucinations
false sensory experiences
intuition and common sense
distort perceptions and evoke sensory images
tissue destruction
78
cocaine
induces a states of extreme relaxation and calm
causes severe headaches and migraines
leads to prolonged periods of deep sleep
produces quick rush of euphoria
79
failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
inattentional blindness
dual processing
selective attention
consciousness
80
acetylcholine
enhances visual processing in the eyes
regulates blood sugar levels
affects muscles action, learning memory
inhibits pain perceptions in the brain
81
w/ repeated use. the desired effect requires larger doses
aggression
tolerance
heritability
withdrawal
82
roles and characteristics that a culture expects from those defined as male and female
gender
ethnicity
sex
culture
83
tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
Random assignment
Narcolepsy
Sleep apnea
REM rebound
84
what functions does the cerebellum coordinate?
visual processing and memory recall
emotional regulation and sensory perception
voluntary movement and life sustaining functions
language processing and auditory coordination
85
what do collectivist cultures value?
commitment
triangulation
feedback
interdependence
86
identical twins are more alike than fraternal twins in
physical appearance and height differences
preference for different types of food and music
personality traits,behaviors/outcomes,abilities as intelligence test score
the likelihood of developing chronic illnesses
87
manipulation of variables, control group, and random assignment
the 3 types of observational studies
ther 3 phases of data collections
the 3 elemnts of qualitives researd
the 3 characteristics of experimental methods
88
theory
explanation based on observations
mind found in heart
selecting, designing and conducting procedures
stopping of breathing while asleep
89
what is the difference between independent and dependent variables?
independent variables are the results, dependent variables are the inputs
independent are causes outcomes, dependent are measured assumed to effect
independent V are always constant, while dependent V vary
independent V are irrelevant & dependent V are the inly focus
90
neural structure lying below the thalamus, directs maintenance activities
amygdala
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebellum
91
selective attention
the ability to multitask effectively
focusing conscious on a particular stimulus
ignoring all external stimuli completely
the state of heightened emotional awareness
92
The process of testing ideas about the world
operational definition
scientific method
experimental method
hypothesis
93
study design
reviewing literature without practical application
randomly assigning participants to groups
selecting, designing and conducting procedures
analyzing data after the study is complete
94
night terrors
a peaceful state of sleep with no disturbances
a condition where one sleepwalks during the night
high arousal and appearance of being terrified
a mild anxiety experienced during the day
95
tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we could have predicted it
replication
random assignment
hindsight bias
confirmation bias
96
maintain same genes while testing effects of different home environments
separated identical twins
adoptive families
endorphins
gene-enviorment interaction
97
sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
rem rebound
sleep apnea
sleep
rapid eye movement (REM)
98
focuses mostly on what makes us so much alike as humans
behavior genetics
molecular genetics
evolutionary psychologists
epigenetics
99
report the results to other scientists, to broader populations who may be interested in the variables
publication
replication
reflection
selections
100
roles and characteristics that a culture expects from those defined as male and female
gender
sex
ethnicity
culture
101
why are siblings different?
siblings have the same interest and hobbies throughout their lives
sibling only share half their gene,the enviro changes w/each addition fam
sibling inherit the same personality traits from the parents
siblings are raised in the same household with individual parenting styles
102
at what stage does the hypothesis form?
problem definition
need identification
evelution
orientation
103
replication
repeated the essence of a research study
analyzing data from a single experiment
conducting a completely new study
summarizing findings in a report
104
sits between brain's older parts and its cerebral hemispheres and is linked to emotions, memory, and drives
thalamus
hypothalamus
limbic system
cerebellum
105
sleep apnea
a chronic condition of excessive sleepiness
a psychological disorder involving hallucinations
stopping of breathing while asleep
a state of deep relaxation and calmness
106
addiction
compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors
a strong desire to engage in physical exercise
a temporary feeling of sadness or depression
an overwhelming need for social interaction
107
hypothesis
prediction based on the theory
a statement of fact without basis
a conclusion drawn from anecdotal evidence
an observation made without testing
108
what does the scientific method involve?
conducting surveys and analyzing public sentiment
gathering random opinions and making assumptions
setting up situation that test our idea&making careful organize observation
developing theories without empirical evidence
109
studies molecular mechanism by which environments can trigger or block genetic expression
heritability
behavior genetics
evolutionary psychology
epigenetics
110
agonist
mole that increase a neurotransmitter's
substance that blocks neurotransmitter receptors
molecule that increases a neurotransmitter's action
compound that decrease brain actively
111
Parallel processing
solving problems one stpe at a time
forcing one single detail for clarify
processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously
analyzing data in a sequential manner
112
nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair
molecular genetics
menarche
primary sex characteristics
secondary sex characteristics
113
dendrites
transmits signals to the Brian
receives messages from other cells
produces hormones for growth
protects the neuron from damage
114
visual cortex
processes auditory signals from the ears
controls balance and spatial orientation
regulates heart rate and blood pressure
receives input from your eyes
115
the study of the molecular structure and function of genes
evolutionary psychology
behavior genetics
molecular genetics
epigenetics
116
drugs such as alcohol, tranquilizers and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions
addiction
endorphins
opiates
depressants
117
somatosensory cortex process info from skin sense and body part movement
sensory functions
executive functions
neurons
evolutionary psychologists
118
electrically stimulating motor cortex can cause body part movement
motor functions
aggression
reticular formation
limbic system
119
pattern of ideas attitude,values,lifestyle habit,&traditions shared by group of people & passed on to future generations
gender
social class
environment
culture
