Which of the following applies to ALL linguists?

They describe features of languages

What is a prestige dialect?

A dialect spoken by a speech community, typically the most powerful

Which statement reflects the arbitrary nature of language?

Words do not have inherent meaning and are symbolic

Why can't a cat use hissing to convey happiness

Fixed reference says that hissing only communicates one signal: aggression

What is the linguistic concept of language displacement?

the ability to discuss something unrelated to a speaker's immediate context

Does the existence of onomatopoeia provide good support for Jespersen's Natural Sound Source Theory of language origin?

No, because onomatopoeia differ from one language to another

A stable natural language that develops from a pidgin

Why can't chimps talk?

They lack the appropriate anatomical features

What is the linguistic concept of language displacement?

The ability to discuss something unrelated to a speaker's immediate context

How did Noam Chomsky influence the field of linguistics?

By describing human's innate capacity for language learning

Which statement reflects the arbitrary nature of language?

Words do not have inherent meaning and are symbolic

Which is an example of descriptivism?

a schwa occurs after a final sibilant sound and before the plural morpheme

The following describes the creative aspect of language:

The ability to create unique utterances

A way of communicating that uses parts of different languages

Can I start referring to a pen as a thermos?

Yes, but no one will understand you

How does linguistic competence differ from linguistic performance?

Competence is underlying ability while performance is spoken/heard features

The following describes the creative aspect of language

The ability to create unique utterances

What best describes these linguistic subfields: semantics, syntax, phonology, phonetics

meaning, word order, sound system, sounds

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Intro to Lang, Exam 1 Review

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Questions 30

Answers

1
It is possible for an animal to develop language, just not in the next 100 years
False
True
2
Which of the following applies to ALL linguists?
They teach us the right way to talk
They revive dying and endangered languages
They describe features of languages
They speak many languages
3
Because the relationship between form and meaning is arbitrary, the relationship is established by
none of these
First Language Acquisition
Convention
Education
4
What is a prestige dialect?
The best way to speak
A dialect spoken by a speech community, typically the most powerful
A dialect that all dialects are evolving towards
A dialect written by linguists
5
What is the grammar of a language?
The sounds plus the lexicon
The allowable words
The surface sounds
The underlying rules
6
Which statement reflects the arbitrary nature of language?
Words have meanings that are universal across all languages
Words do not have inherent meaning and are symbolic
A word in English could mean the same in French
Sometimes a word is perfectly represented by what it signifies
7
Why can't a cat use hissing to convey happiness
There is an intrinsic relationship between hissing and an aggressive signal
Fixed reference says that hissing only communicates one signal: aggression
Hissing is a learned form-meaning pair that conveys aggression
If the cat had been raised by a snake, it would hiss for another reason
8
If a dog could say, woof: I'm happy; ruf: I'm hungry; groof: I'm bored, what linguistic design feature would he possess?
duality
reflexivity
cultural transmission
displacement
9
What is the linguistic concept of language displacement?
when a language is recorded and then played back somewhere else
the ability to produce a completely novel utterance
The ability to discuss one's immediate surroundings in great detail
the ability to discuss something unrelated to a speaker's immediate context
10
A squirrel raised around dogs will eventually know how to bark.
True
False
11
Iconicity is the opposite of which feature of human language
creativity
duality
Arbitariness
displacement
12
Our creative linguistic ability is related to our ability to tell apart sentences and non-sentences
True
False
13
Does the existence of onomatopoeia provide good support for Jespersen's Natural Sound Source Theory of language origin?
Yes, onomatopoeia prove that sounds have an iconic relationship to meaning
No, because onomatopoeia differ from one language to another
Yes, because we have evidence that all parts of speech are onomatopoeic
No, because signed languages have iconic relationships to concepts
14
What is a creole?
A stable natural language that develops from a pidgin
A dead language
A person who lives in Louisiana
A language with a simple syntax
15
Why can't chimps talk?
They have nothing to say
They were deprived of linguistic input during childhood
They're stupid
They lack the appropriate anatomical features
16
What is the linguistic concept of language displacement?
The ability to produce a completely novel utterance
When a language is recorded and played back elsewhere
The ability to discuss something unrelated to a speaker's immediate context
The ability to discuss one's immediate surroundings in great detail
17
Honeybees can communicate where food is, but can't communicate its height from the ground. This system lacks
arbitrariness
Cultural transmission
creativity
duality
18
How did Noam Chomsky influence the field of linguistics?
By inventing the IPA
By speaking out against totalitarian governments and abuses of power
By describing human's innate capacity for language learning
By saying that humans are blank slates that need to be filled with language
19
We know more about the language we speak (competence) than we are able to express (performance)
False
True
20
Which statement reflects the arbitrary nature of language?
Words do not have inherent meaning and are symbolic
. Sometimes a word is perfectly represented by what it signifies
. A words meaning does not change over time
Words have meanings that are universal across all languages.
21
Communicative signals are unique to human language
False
True
22
Which is an example of descriptivism?
When spelling, i before e except after c
Punctuation belongs inside quotation marks
a schwa occurs after a final sibilant sound and before the plural morpheme
two independent clauses cannot be separated by a comma
23
The following describes the creative aspect of language:
The ability to commicate
The ability to create unique utterances
The ability to respond when spoken to
The ability to speak in dialects
24
What is a pidgin
A bird that coos
A dialect of French
A way of communicating that uses parts of different languages
A fully developed language with a complex grammar
25
Can I start referring to a pen as a thermos?
Yes, but no one will understand you
Yes and everyone will understand you
No because the sound pen has an intrinsic relationship to the idea of a pen
No, because the sound thermos cannot correspond to the idea of a pen
26
How does linguistic competence differ from linguistic performance?
Competence is best exemplified by a lisp, while performance can be tested
Performance and competence can both be heard but competence is more complex
Competence is underlying ability while performance is spoken/heard features
Performance: a speaker's abilities; Competence: what can be recorded
27
Whether airflow goes through the nasal cavity is determined by
The air pressure system
All of the above
The articulatory system
The phonatory system
28
The idea that the development of language coincided with the ability to perform other cognitive tasks is related to
Yo-he-ho theory
Genetic origin theory
Social interaction theory
Tool-making theory
29
The following describes the creative aspect of language
The ability to speak in dialects
The ability to create unique utterances
The ability to communicate
The ability to respond when spokent ot
30
What best describes these linguistic subfields: semantics, syntax, phonology, phonetics
meaning, sound system, sound, word order
meaning, word order, sound system, sounds
sound system, sounds, word order, meaning
sounds, word order, meaning, sound system

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