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Chapter 18: National Security Policymaking Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 18: National Security Policymaking
Chapter 18: National Security Policymaking
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1
Based on the cartoon, which of the following occupies a significant amount of the president’s time?
developing strategies to deal with international problems
commanding the military
repairing national infrastructure
fighting wars in other countries
2
Which of the following are free trade agreements designed to prevent?
détente
high tariffs
interdependency
globalization
3
Based on the graph, which of the following factors empowers the United States’ military defense?
The Marines are the smallest branch of the military
The U.S. is more equipped to fight at sea than on land.
The U.S. has an active military draft.
The U.S. has a large, diverse standing military force.
4
Which of the following best describes the world’s superpowers since the end of World War II?
The US and the USSR were rival superpowers until the end of the Cold War
The US and the USSR were rival superpowers until the end of the Cold War
The US and the USSR were rival superpowers until the Cuban Missile Crisis
The US has been the sole superpower since the end of World War II.
5
During which of the following events did U.S. military spending comprise the highest percentage of federal spending?
the war in Afghanistan
the war in Iraq
the Reagan administration
the Vietnam War
6
Which of the following is a responsibility of the State Department?
space exploration
diplomacy
command of the military
protecting the president
7
Which helps to explain why a country’s economy may be negatively affected by an economic crisis in another country?
isolationism
interdependency
a positive balance of trade
a negative balance of trade
8
Which of the following was a fundamental part of the justification for the 2003 war in Iraq?
Saddam Hussein had provided considerable funding to Osama bin Laden.
Iraq attacked Israel in 2002 with SCUD missiles and
Saddam Hussein had permitted Osama bin Laden to train terrorists in Iraq
Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.
9
Which of the following is most consistent with the concept of diplomacy?
military threats
counterintelligence
confrontation
negotiation
10
Why did Congress create a director of national intelligence in 2004?
to help the director of the CIA combat the growing threat posed by WMDs
to decentralize authority within the intelligence community
to better coordinate the number of people working in intelligence agencies
because the previous organizational structure of the intelligence community
11
Which of the following best describes the arms race?
a tense relationship between the US and the USSR '50s and '60s
the U.S. race in the early 21st. century to prevent the spread of WMDs
the efforts to reduce the nuclear weapons held by the US and the USSR
the rapid movements of world governments to arm and protect Eastern Europe
12
Based on the map, which of the following statements is most accurate?
The U.S. often intervened militarily to support interests in the region.
The U.S. rarely intervened in Latin American affairs in the 20th century.
involvement in Latin America in the 20th century was primarily economic
The U.S frequently sent advisors to Latin America to support new rulers.
13
Why was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed?
to enhance democratic government in newly industrializing countries
to promote free trade between the United States and Western Europe
to provide mutual defense for the United States and Western Europe
to help rebuild war-torn Europe after World War II
14
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)?
The primary mission of the CIA is to gather intel on American citizens
The CIA is in charge of the various other intelligence agencies.
The CIA is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution
The CIA has sometimes become involved in other nations’ internal affairs.
15
According to the cartoonist, who is the main force behind U.S. foreign policy?
Congress
the National Security Council
the President
the State Department
16
Which foreign policy did the Truman Doctrine embody?
détente
isolationism
iron curtain
containment
17
Which of the following do NAFTA, and other agreements like it, promote?
international trade
higher wages in U.S. factories
tourism
increased foreign aid
18
Why has the United States tried to deal with the threat from Iran with diplomacy, rather than military options?
Diplomacy is likely to succeed since the Islamic world respects the US
Military action would be less likely to succeed
Diplomacy is likely to lead Iran to isolationism, removing the threat.
Military action would likely lead to further radicalization of Muslims
19
Which of the following could result from a balance-of-trade deficit?
The value of the dollar increases, making American products cheaper abroad
sanctions imposed on Russia to keep it out of Crimea
The value of the dollar declines, so Americans have to pay more for goods
The value of the dollar increases, so Americans can buy more goods
20
Which is a reason why the United States is considered to be predominant in terms of military capabilities?
The U.S. has lost the unique capability to project power around the world.
The U.S. has a dominant air force and the only worldwide operating navy
The United States has underwhelming nuclear superiority.
The U.S. spends less on defense than any other industrialized democracy.
21
The United States engaged in which of the following military conflicts in order to fight against communist forces?
the Vietnam War
World War I
World War II
Operation Desert Storm
22
Through which of its powers can the Senate exercise influence over foreign policy
ratify treaties
command the armed forces
recognize the sovreignty of foreign countries
receive diplomats
23
Which of the following powers allows Congress to challenge the actions illustrated in the cartoon?
appropriating money
declaring war
negotiating treaties
confirming ambassadors
24
Which of the following is most consistent with the foreign policy of isolationism?
willingness to use diplomatic sanctions to pressure another country
multilateral trade agreements
a refusal to intervene in an armed conflict between two other countries
George W. Bush administration’s policy of actively rooting out terrorism
25
Which best describes the conflict between the NSC and others within the national security establishment?
The NSC has sometimes competed with cabinet departments
The NSC has conspired with the State and Defense departments
Most advisers see the council as having little independent value.
Since 9/11, many do not respect the limited experience of this newcomer
26
What would the US likely have done if it had discovered that the USSR had previously unknown stockpiles of nukes?
extend diplomatic immunity to the Soviet Union
negotiate a bilateral nuclear nonproliferation agreement
stockpile additional nuclear weapons in the United States
engage in a military conflict with the Soviet Union
27
How does the graph illustrate Congress’s power over the United States’ foreign policy?
Congress must authorize appropriations for defense spending.
Congress can limit foreign policy funds for presidents under investigation.
Congress can replace the secretary of state
Congress can refuse to declare war
28
Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest influence over U.S. foreign policy?
director of national intelligence
director of the Central Intelligence Agency
Secretary of State
chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
29
What was one of the primary purposes of the military action in Afghanistan?
retaliate for the bombing of the USS Cole
prevent the spread of communism
protect Iraq from Afghani military attacks
remove the Taliban regime
30
Which of the following statements about terrorism is accurate?
Terrorism usually involves military personnel and military targets.
Terrorism is often designed to demoralize and frighten the general public.
Terrorism is usually financed by the government.
Only nongovernmental political actors engage in terrorism.
31
What was Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative envisioned to accomplish?
refocus the military on nonconventional warfare
reduce the number of nuclear warheads held by both the US and the USSR
protect the United States from nuclear weapons
promote democracy by fostering economic development
32
Who is the president’s chief adviser on intelligence matters?
the director of national intelligence
the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
the National Security Agency
the director of the Central Intelligence Agency
33
Why have multinational corporations become forces to be reckoned with in nearly all nations?
They encourage isolationist policies in order to get complete control
They understand the dangers of globalization better than elected officials.
They account for a large portion of the global economy
They frequently use their money to buy government officials’ votes
34
Which of the following constrained Pakistan’s efforts to fight terrorists who have emerged in some areas of Pakistan?
Pakistan is a poor nation and lacked assistance to fight the terrorists.
There was substantial sympathy for the Taliban among many Pakistani leaders
The terrorists took over large cities beyond the government’s control.
The government was not concerned with the terrorists
35
What is the United Nations' most powerful policymaking entity?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Security Council
Joint Chiefs of Staff
European Union (EU)
36
Which of the following most contributed to the events described on the map?
The Marshall Plan
The Truman Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine
isolationism
37
Which of the following accurately describes the United Nations?
Composed of less than 100 member nations and focuses on peacekeeping
The UN was formed in the late 1930s as a global peacekeeping organization
The UN was created in 1945 as an international peacekeeping organization
The UN is an international organization formed immediately after WWI
38
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the goals of the Truman Doctrine?
The Berlin Blockade nullified the effects of the Truman Doctrine.
incentive to maintain trade relationships.
to strengthen Western European nations so they would not turn to communism
solely to aide nations destroyed by war
39
Which of the following is composed of a broad array of the president’s foreign policy advisers?
the Department of Homeland Security
NATO
the National Security Council
the Central Intelligence Agency
40
What event marked the actual end of the Cold War?
the signing of the SALT II Treaty
the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
the resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis
the collapse of the Soviet Union
41
Why might U.S. foreign policy regarding Iran and North Korea have been similar for much of the past decade?
Both countries’ economic development has outpaced the U.S.
It has been largely driven by concerns over nuclear weapons
Concern with the wealth of natural resources the countries possess.
The countries are at the same point in the development of nuclear programs.
42
Based on the map, why have nuclear weapons remained an international issue despite the end of the Cold War arms race?
Eight countries continue to have declared nuclear weapons capacity.
More countries have nuclear weapons than do not have them.
Several nations currently seek nuclear weapons capacity
Countries that once had nuclear programs refuse to abandon them.
43
What was the stated purpose of the Truman Doctrine?
to help stabilize and support freedom in Europe after World War II
to repair relations between the USA and the USSR and prevent the Cold War.
to root out and eliminate potential terrorist threats
to prevent the spread of WMDs to unstable governments
44
How are tourists most likely to benefit to international relations?
Tourists help build goodwill between countries.
Tourists are the largest carriers of diseases in the world.
Tourists typically increase the trade deficit.
Tourists confirm negative stereotypes about foreign countries.
45
Who serves on the Joint Chiefs of Staff?
the commanding officers of each of the services
the cabinet secretaries
the president’s foreign policy advisers
Secretary of defense and the CIA director
46
What was the foreign policy of containment designed to prevent?
terrorism
the Cold War
the spread of Soviet influence
nuclear proliferation
47
Which of the following engages in a global surveillance operation that was unmasked by Edward Snowden in 2013?
the Secretary of State
the Central Intelligence Agency
the Department of Defense
the National Security Agency
48
How does this image symbolize the end of the Cold War?
the Berlin Wall was the symbol of a divided world
Eastern Europeans fought off Soviet oppressors
the United Nations encouraged détente between superpowers
the Americans and the Soviets are pictured together
49
Which of the following is an example of a situation in which economic sanctions accomplished the intended goal?
grain embargo on USSR in 1980 in retaliation for invading Afghanistan
the sanctions against Cuba to oust the Marxist dictator
sanctions imposed on Russia to keep it out of Crimea
sanctions levied against South Africa in the mid-1980s to protest apartheid
50
How did the Cold War start?
When the US established the Truman Doctrine at the end of World War II
It started when the Truman Doctrine froze all military alliances
When Eastern Europe fell under Soviet domination after World War II
After World War II when there was a shortage of coal for heating in Europe.
51
Which of the following is a true statement about the U.S. and foreign aid?
The U.S. can only provide non-military aid
The U.S. is the world's largest donor of foreign aid
The Constitution limits the amount of money that can be spent on such aid
The President can provide such aide with out Congressional approval
52
Which of the following best describes U.S. foreign aid?
Foreign aid primarily consists of advice from the U.S. government
Most foreign aid programs aimed at giving medical care and other services
Americans greatly overestimate the amount that is spent on foreign aid.
Foreign aid primarily consists of various loan programs
53
Which of the following is a primary goal of NAFTA?
increasing U.S. trade with Latin American nations
creating open borders between the United States, Canada, and Mexico
reducing trade barriers among North American nations
reducing the number of jobs available in the United States
54
With whom would the president consult about how to best take advantage of the strengths of the various service branches?
the Secretary of Homeland Security
the Director of National Intelligence
the Joint Chiefs of Staff
the Central Intelligence Agency
55
Which of the following is an advantage of using soft power to achieve foreign policy objectives?
Resolutions reached through the use of soft power are more durable.
Soft power takes full advantage of U.S. military prowess
Soft power does not rely on military coercion to accomplish goals
Soft power is particularly adept at dealing with rogue nations
