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Equine Internal Medicine- Dermatology, Ophthalmology, and Neurology Flashcards | StudBud
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Equine Internal Medicine- Dermatology, Ophthalmology, and Neurology
Equine Internal Medicine- Dermatology, Ophthalmology, and Neurology
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Answers
1
What is the most common equine skin neoplasia?
Melanoma
Sarcoid
Squamous cell carcinoma
Papiloma
2
A recently castrated gelding presents w/ tetraparesis. Which form of botulism is this?
Wound botulism
Toxico-infectious
Forage poisoning
Shaker foal
3
A horse in Texas presents w/ fever, acute ataxia, and fasciculations of the facial muscles. Top DDx?
EEE/WEE/VEE
Rabies
West Nile Virus
EPM
4
What is the causitive agent for Equine Protozoal Myeloecephalitis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
Toxoplasma gondii
Sarcocystic neurona
Coccidia
5
A horse in the southern US presents in the summer w/ dementia, headpressing, seizures, and ataxa. What is your top ddx?
EPM
Rabies
EEE/WEE/VEE
6
What is the number one neurological problem in horses?
Ataxia
EEE/WEE/VEE
EPM
Rabies
7
When treating botulism, which antibiotic can be used?
K or Na penicillin
Procaine penicillin
Tetracycline
Metronidazole
8
A horse presents w/ acute rear limb ataxia, bladder paresis, fecal retention, and ↓ tail tone. What is the best tx?
Corticosteroids
Botulism anti-toxin
Tetanus anti-toxin
Valcyclovir
9
Which alphavirus encephalitis has the worst prognosis and has 90% mortality?
WEE
EEE
VEE
10
What is the best treatment for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia?
Corticosteroids
Cryotherapy
Acupuncture
No treatment
11
Which horses are predisposed to developing melanoma?
White horses
Ponies
Draft horses
Gray horses
12
A horse presents with a head tilt, a nystagmus, and drooping ear and eyelid. What is your top ddx?
Cervical Vertebral Myelopathy
Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy
Equine Motor Neuron Disease
Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy
13
A horse presents with circular crusts that when removed show white patches. What is your top ddx?
Dermatophytosis
Chorioptes
Dermatophilosis
Sweet itch
14
Ocular conditions in horses are always treated as an emergency.
False
True
15
A horse presents with missing hair at the tail base and a "rat-tail". What is the best dx test?
Tape test
Skin scrape
FNA
Hair pluck
16
EPM can present with variable clinical signs and can mimic any neurologic disease.
False
True
17
Which form of rabies is more common in horses?
Dumb form
Furious form
18
Which type of ulcer begins as a simple ulcer but shows no new growth of blood vessels & isn't responsive to medications?
Indolent ulcer
Descemetocele
Infected Ulcer
Melting ulcer
19
What is the best way to prevent EPM?
Mosquito control
Vaccinate
Limit possum droppings in horse feed
20
Which ocular condition is caused by congenital atresia of the nasolacrimal duct?
Habronema
Onchocerca
Descemetocele
Dacryocystitis
21
A draft horse presents for stomping its feet. What is your main ddx?
Habronemiasis
Chorioptes infection
Culicoid hypersensitivity
Pastern dermatitis
22
What is the main clinical sign of an oxyuris equi infection?
Broken tail hairs/ itchy butt
General urticaria
Focal alopecia
Ventral midline dermatitis
23
2-4 year old horses develop which form of Cervical Vertebral Myelopathy?
Cervical Vertebral Malformation
Dynamic compression
Cervical Vertebral Instability
Static compression
24
Which type of ulcer is treated using debridement and gridding?
Infected ulcer
Indolent ulcer
Melting ulcer
Descemetocele
25
What are some of the clinical signs of Horner's Syndrome in horses?
Mydriasis and exophthalmia
Circling and mentation changes
Miosis/ptosis/enophthalmia
Ear and lip droop
26
What are the common sites for Cervical Vertebral Malformation?
C3-C4 and C4-C5
C5-C6 and C6-C7
C4-C5 and C5-C6
C2-C3 and C3-C4
27
A horse presents w/ small, yellow dots along its legs. What is the best treatment?
Ivermectin
Scrape the legs with a special knife
Sulphur lime dip
Enilconazole
28
What is the best way to diagnosis active EPM?
Western blot
CSF titer
Serology
Direct-FAT on brain tissue
29
Which test is used to visualize the tear film on the eye?
Bengal rose
Schirmer
Fluorescein
30
A horse presents with several alopecic lesions on its face and you notice 1 on the owner too. What is your main ddx?
Dermatophytosis
Sarcoid
Dermatophilosis
Culicoid hypersensitivity
31
When treating tetanus, what is the antibiotic of choice?
Tetracycline
Procaine penicillin
K or Na penicillin
Metronidazole
32
A horse presents w/ wt loss, muscle wasting, and shifting weight, & proloned recumbency. What is your top ddx?
Equine Motor Neuron Disease
Cervical vertebral myopathy
Botulism
Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy
33
What is the best way to prevent botulism and tetanus?
Botulism and tetanus anti-toxins
Botulism and tetanus toxoids
Mosquito control
Antibiotics
34
A horse presents w/ painful, non-pruritic lesions along its legs. What is your top ddx?
Sweet itch
Pastern dermatitis
Dermatophilosis
Dermatophytosis
35
2yo horse presents w/ symmetrical ataxia & proprioceptive deficits.O says its progressed since the horse was 6mo. Ddx?
Equine Motor Neuron Disease
Cervical vertebral myopathy
Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy
Botulism
36
What can be some ddx(s) for fibroblastic sarcoid?
Proud flesh
Habronemiasis
Dermatophylosis
Papillomatosis
37
Which horses are predisposed to developing squamous cell carcinoma?
Draft horses
Gray horses
Ponies
White horses
38
Which neurological disease is caused by an alphavirus?
EPM
Rabies
West Nile Virus
EEE/WEE/VEE
39
A horse presents w/ an ulcer that extends into the descemet membrane. What is the best treatment?
Antibiotics and corticosteroids
Conjunctival flap
Subpalpebral lavage
Debridement and gridding
40
What is the best treatment for an adnexal laceration?
Suturing
Amputation
41
Which should not be used to treat a corneal ulcer?
Corticosteroids
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Subpalpebral lavage
42
What is the best way to prevent EEE/WEE/VEE?
Limit possum droppings in horse feed
Mosquito control
Vaccinate
43
How is EEE/WEE/VEE definitively diagnosed?
PCR from brain tissue
Paired serology
Coggins
CSF titer
44
What are the common sites for Cervical Vertebral Instability?
C4-C5 and C5-C6
C3-C4 and C4-C5
C2-C3 and C3-C4
C5-C6 and C6-C7
45
A horse presents acutely with aggression, hypersalivation, tremors, and hyperesthesia. What ddx should be on your list?
Rabies
EPM
Botulism
Equine Herpes Virus
46
A horse presents with a head tilt, a nystagmus, and drooping ear and eyelid. What is the best tx?
SMZ-TMP/ NSAIDs
Antibiotics and corticosteroids
Vitamin E
Anti-toxin
47
Which cranial nerves are evaluated when performing a pupilary light reflex?
CN II and III
CN I and III
CN II and VII
CN II and V
48
A horse presents w/ trismus, protrusion of the 3rd eyelid, & a sawhorse stance. What is the best tx?
Tetanus anti-toxin
Corticosteroids
Valcyclovir
Botulism anti-toxin
49
6-18 month horses develop which form of Cervical Vertebral Myelopathy?
Static compression
Cervical Vertebral Instability
Dynamic compression
Cervical Vertebral Malformation
50
Rabies is a reportable disease.
False
True
51
What is the best treatment for Cervical Vertebral Myelopathy?
Anti-toxin
Vitamin E
SMZ-TMP/ NSAIDs
Antibiotics and corticosteroids
52
What is the gold standard for diagnosing rabies?
Western blot
ELISA
Direct-FAT on brain tissue
Paired serology
53
A horse presents w/ epiphora, photophobia, and swollen eyelids and is - w/ fluorescein. What is the main ddx?
Indolent ulcer
Descemetocele
Uveitis
Squamous cell carcinoma
54
A horse presents w/ painful, non-pruritic lesions along its legs. What is the best tx?
Clip, clean, and topical abx & corticosteroids
Cryotherapy
Sulphur lime dip
Ivermectin
55
Which pupil shape is associated with uveitis?
Miosis
Mydriasis
56
How is West Nile Virus diagnosed in horses?
PCR from brain tissue
Coggins
Paired serology
ELISA
57
A horse presents w/ dysphagia, muscle tremors, ileus, and bladder atony. Which form of botulism is this?
Forage poisoning
Toxico-infectious
Wound botulism
Shaker foal
58
What is the gold standard to diagnose EHV-1?
PCR nasal swab
Paired serology
Coggins
ELISA
59
A horse presents w/ acute, symmetrical HL ataxia, bladder paresis, fecal retention, & ↓ tail tone. What is your top ddx?
West Nile Virus
EEE/WEE/VEE
Equine Herpes Virus-1
Tetanus
60
What is the best treatment for EPM?
Metronidazole
Anti-toxin
Ponazuril (Marquis)
No treatment
61
How do we generally treat equine papillomatosis?
Antibiotic ointment
Cryotherapy
Surgical removal
Benign neglect
62
Which neurological disease is caused by a flavivirus?
EEE/WEE/VEE
West Nile Virus
EPM
Rabies
63
Which breed is predisposed to hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia?
Standardbreds
Thoroughbreds
Tennessee Walkers
Quarter Horses
64
What information from the history would indicate that a horse has "sweet itch" (culicoid hypersensitivity)?
It improves in the winter
Tick exposure
Frequent baths from the owner
Chickens are present in the barn
65
How is Cervical Vertebral Myelopathy diagnosed?
By measuring the vertical ratio
By measuring the transverse ratio
By measuring the sagittal ratio
66
A yearling presents w/ severe purulent ocular discharge. What is your main ddx?
Onchocerca
Dacryocystitis
Uveitis
Habronema
67
A horse presents w/ trismus, protrusion of the 3rd eyelid, & a sawhorse stance. What is your top ddx?
Botulism
Cervical Vertebral Myelopathy (Wobblers)
Tetanus
EHV-1
68
A 2 mo foal presents w/ dysphagia, weakness, and exercise intolerance. Which form of botulism is this?
Wound botulism
Toxico-infectious
Forage poisoning
Shaker foal
69
A horse presents with missing hair at the tail base and a "rat-tail". What is your main ddx?
Oxyuris equi
Gasterophilus intestinalis
Sarcoid
Dermatophilosis
70
A recently castrated gelding presents w/ tetraparesis. What is the best treatment for this horse?
Corticosteroids
Tetanus anti-toxin
Valcyclovir
Botulism anti-toxin
71
Which reflexes should not be assessed in a standing horse?
Withdrawal reflex
Cutaneous trunci
Tail tone
Perineal reflex and anal tone
72
A horse presents w/ epiphora, photophobia, and swollen eyelids and is - w/ fluorescein. What is the best treatment?
Debridement and gridding
Corticosteroids
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Conjunctival flap
73
Which test is used to visualize a corneal ulcer?
Bengal rose
Schirmer
Fluorescein
74
A horse presents w/ small, yellow dots along its legs. What is your top ddx?
Gasterophilus intestinalis
Tick infestation
Lice infestation
Oxyuris equi
75
A 8 mo foal presents w/ spinal ataxia, dysmetria, and a truncal sway that is worse in the HL. What is your top ddx?
Cervical vertebral myopathy
Tetanus
Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy
Botulism
76
What is the best way to prevent EHV myeloencephalitis?
Biosecurity (isolate affected animals, test and detect carriers)
Limit possum droppings in horse feed
Mosquito control
Vaccinate
77
Which medication should NEVER be used in horses?
Enilconazole
Pyrethrin
Amitraz
Ivermectin
78
A horse presents with several alopecic lesions on its face and you notice 1 on the owner too. What is the best dx test?
Skin scrape
FNA
Hair pluck
Tape test
79
A draft horse presents for stomping its feet. What is the best treatment for this?
Enilconazole
Ivermectin
Pyrethrin
Sulphur lime dip
80
Which cranial nerves are evaluated when performing a menace response?
CN II and III
CN I and III
CN II and V
CN II and VII
81
A horse presents with circular crusts that when removed show white patches. What is the best tx?
Betadine/chlorhexidine baths
Cryotherapy
Sulphur lime dip
Benign neglect
82
What is a ddx for occult sarcoid?
Papillomatosis
Dermatophytosis
Habronemiasis
Proud flesh
