What did Charles Darwin learn from the fossils of a giant armadillo that he found in Argentina?

Modern animals may be related to fossilized organisms.

Which phrase best describes Earth’s biodiversity?

greater in consistently warm areas

The phenotype of an organism

is the physical appearance of a trait.

The cell theory states all organisms are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; and

all existing cells are produced by other living cells.

What is the main function of a promoter?

tells RNA polymerase where to start

carries an amino acid to its correct codon.

Chemical reactions change substances into different substances by

breaking and forming chemical bonds

Which phrase best describes an ecosystem?

organisms interacting w/ others/nonliving things in a region

Pioneer species are the first

organisms to live in previously uninhabited areas.

Which phrase best describes the term genome?

the genes that make up an organism

What did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations?

different species on different islands

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Questions 375

Answers

1
Which invention played the biggest role in the discovery of cells by early scientists?
compound microscope
magnifying glass
eyeglasses
lens
2
What did Charles Darwin learn from the fossils of a giant armadillo that he found in Argentina?
Modern animals may be related to fossilized organisms.
An earthquake led to the armadillo’s extinction.
Fossils do not resemble modern animals.
Armadillos used to be marine organisms.
3
Generally, mutations that affect a single gene occur during
translation
operation
transcription
replication
4
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce
more offspring
better traits
fewer mutations
stronger genes
5
What do you call the timespan of 1000 years?
not this one
Century
Millenium
Millenium Falcon
6
Chemosynthesis is when organisms use energy from chemicals to build sugars in the absence of
ATP
glucose
water
sunlight
7
What do scientists estimate as the age of Earth?
4.6 billion years old
3.8 million years old
8
Which end product of alcoholic fermentation is important in the baking industry?
ATP molecules
carbon dioxide
lactic acid
alcohol
9
The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of
adenine
protein.
cytosine.
thymine
10
Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are required by the dark reactions are
oxygen and ATP
water and oxygen
oxygen and NADPH
ATP and NADPH.
11
If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?
tT
TT
Tt
tt
12
Which phrase best describes Earth’s biodiversity?
greater in consistently warm areas
greater where temperatures are most variable
greater according to energy needs
greater toward Earth’s poles
13
What holds base pairs together?
nitrogen-carbon bonds
sugar-phosphate backbones.
pairs of double-ringed nucleotides.
hydrogen bonds.
14
All the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a
variation
group
population
fossils
15
At all levels of life, when related parts interact to form a whole they form a
biosphere
species
system
cell
16
The phenotype of an organism
cannot be seen.
is the physical appearance of a trait.
is used to represent its genetic composition.
occurs only in dominant individuals.
17
Best pet
Cat
Lizard
Chicken
Dog
18
The two types of nucleic acids are
DNA and RNA
RNA and ATP
DNA and ATP
nucleotides and ATP
19
Process bacteria living near a heat vent on the ocean floor use to build carbon-based molecules
cellular respiration
fermentation
light-independent reactions
chemosynthesis
20
What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?
artificial selection
natural selection
21
Nonpolar molecules have
only a positive end
both negative and positive ends
only a negative end
no negative or positive ends
22
Which of the following is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons
element
molecule
ion
compound
23
Difference in physical traits of an individual from other individuals in a group is called a(n)
change
variation
species
adaption
24
During the final stage of photosynthesis, sugars are produced from
carbon dioxide
water
oxygen
sunlight
25
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)
peptide bond.
codon.
anticodon.
helicase.
26
The part of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down is called
glycolysis
aerobic respiration
electron transport
photosynthesis
27
Which end product of fermentation causes the burning feeling in muscles that are working hard?
pyruvate
carbon dioxide
lactic acid
alcohol
28
The cell theory states all organisms are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; and
all cells have a nucleus.
all existing cells form by free-cell formation.
all cells are eukaryotic.
all existing cells are produced by other living cells.
29
What is the main function of a promoter?
codes for enzymes that break down sugar
keeps eukaryote genes permanently “off ”
tells RNA polymerase where to start
blocks the action of RNA polymerase
30
What is the term for a genetic disease caused by the deletion of a nucleotide?
frameshift
translocation
single-gene
chromosomal
31
The maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism is known as
homestasis
structure specialization
negative feedback
adaption
32
What does the diagram in Figure 13.1 show? The
oxygen cycle
carbon cycle
water cycle
nitrogen cycle
33
Mutation caused by DNA breaking from a chromosome and becoming attached to another is called
translocation.
deletion.
duplication.
inversion.
34
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP is
glucose synthase.
ADP synthase.
ATP synthase.
phosphate synthase.
35
Transfer RNA
carries an amino acid to its correct codon.
synthesizes amino acids as they are needed.
produces codons to match the correct anticodons.
converts DNA into mRNA.
36
Chemical reactions change substances into different substances by
changing a solvent into a solute
breaking and forming chemical bonds
conserving matter between the substances
strengthening electrical charges of substances
37
Which molecules found in the food we eat is most commonly broken down to make ATP?
vitamins
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
38
Which process uses proteins to move molecules against a concentration gradient?
active transport
passive transport
endocytosis
phagocytosis
39
The “father” of genetics was
Gregor Mendel.
Charles Darwin
40
One kind of organic substance produced in the Miller-Urey experiments was
oxygen gases.
amino acids.
ultraviolet radiation.
carbon dioxide.
41
Which phrase best describes an ecosystem?
a group of living things that can interbreed to reproduce
organisms interacting w/ others/nonliving things in a region
all living things and places on Earth where they are found
the variety of organisms on Earth/biosphere
42
DNA sequences of whales and ungulates are similar. What type of evidence of evolution is this?
fossil
embryological
vestigial
molecular
43
Pioneer species are the first
trees that replace the original trees after a forest fire.
organisms to live in previously uninhabited areas.
trees to grow in an area that has been disturbed.
organisms to live in a forest canopy.
44
A group of genes that code for enzymes, promoter site, operator controlling them together as an
intron
operon
exon
45
Which of the following is not a type of asexual reproduction?
binary fission
fragmentation
fertilization
budding
46
Which type of mutation has no effect on phenotype?
frameshift
chromosomal
silent
point
47
An injury that affects a ligament rather than a bone is likely to be examined using
magnetic resonance imaging.
transmission electron microscopy.
x-rays.
computer modeling.
48
Based on the 2 graphs, what is the biggest difference between the grassland and forest biomes?
annual temperature
length of winter
annual precipitation
hot grassland summers
49
Which phrase best describes the term genome?
the genetic makeup of a chromosome
the genes that make up an organism
50
What do all the biotic and abiotic factors in a given area make up?
population
ecosystem
habitat
community
51
What did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations?
identical species on all the islands
all species on one of the islands
the same species as in North America
different species on different islands
52
Cellular respiration takes place in two stages:
fermentation, then glycolysis
glycolysis, then aerobic respiration.
electron transport chain, then fermentation.
glycolysis, then photosynthesis.
53
The part of the molecule for which DNA is named is the
phosphate group.
sugar.
nitrogen base.
hydrogen bonds.
54
Proteins are composed of which molecules?
monosaccharides
nucleic acids
fatty acids
amino acids
55
If a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, the new strand will be
GGATCGA.
CCTAGCT.
AAGTATC.
TTGCATG.
56
Which aspects of life on Earth are accounted for by evolution?
lack of genetic and physical change
interaction and conflict
divergence of structure and function
diversity and unity
57
In humans, eye color and height are controlled by
simple dominance
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
polygenic inheritance
58
NADPH is important in photosynthesis because it
gives high-energy electrons needed to store energy
provides additional oxygen atoms from the breakdown of water
becomes oxidized to form NADP
is needed to form chlorophyll and carotenoids
59
The diploid # of chromosomes in a skin cell is 46. The # of chromosomes in a human egg cell is
46
23
92
60
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for
the same traits
DNA
sex
different traits
61
Over time, adaptations can lead populations to experience
genetic changes
extinctions
environmental changes
geologic changes
62
Scientists use scientific thinking to test
observations
hypotheses
data
conclusions
63
Organisms that feed on dead or decaying matter are called
herbivores
carnivores
omnivores
detritivores
64
The genetic information (genome) in bacteria consists of
two circular DNA molecules
one circular DNA molecule
one linear DNA molecule
two linear DNA molecules
65
Which of the following traits is controlled by multiple alleles in humans?
blood type
eye color
albinism
colorblindness
66
Carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds in the
Krebs cycle
mitochondria
electron transport chain
Calvin cycle
67
Crossing over is an important factor in increasing the
frequency with which a recessive allele is masked
frequency with which a dominant allele is expressed
likelihood of genre linkage on homologous chromosomes
genetic diversity by making new allele combinations
68
What is the term for the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane?
transport
equilibrium
isotonic
osmosis
69
Which phrase best describes translation?
produces RNA from DNA molecules
recycles tRNA molecules for reuse
catalyzes bonds between amino acids
converts mRNA into a polypeptide
70
Cutting down an entire forest ecosystem is known as
harvest reduction.
clear cutting.
selective cutting.
sustainable development.
71
Hawaii's lush tropical forests arose from a process of
predation
regeneration
destruction
succession
72
In prokaryotes, gene expression is regulated by controlling
transcription
replication
processing
translation
73
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
46
23
74
What would Earth be like without the greenhouse effect?
a little cooler than it is now
too cold to be habitable
the same temperature as it is now
a little warmer than it is now
75
What is the main function of the Krebs cycle?
bond coenzyme A to pyruvate
break down pyruvate molecules to form NADH and oxygen
form citric acid to make NADH, water, and CO2
produce molecules that carry electrons to the etc
76
Fossils of marine organisms high in the Andes Mountains led Darwin to conclude that
great change can happen over time
an earthquake had taken place
77
At which phase during the cell cycle does each chromosome replicate
G2 phase
G1 phase
S phase
cytokinesis
78
An allele that is always expressed whenever it is present is called
dominant.
recessive.
79
A beneficial inherited trait that is passed on to future generations is a(n)
homeostatic mechanism
system
adaption
stimulus
80
Herbivores are which of the following?
producers
primary consumers
decomposers
secondary consumers
81
Mendel did experiments w/ purebred pea plants. He determined that variations were the result of
self pollination
his crossings
random mutation
genetic uniformity
82
What is the best color in the rainbow?
Blue
Red
Yellow
Violet
83
A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription
proceeds according to careful cellular control
is catalyzed by large and complex enzymes.
occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
happens repeatedly throughout a single cell cycle.
84
An enzyme
lowers the activation energy of a reaction
bonds with an active site on a substrate molecule
is used up in a reaction
raises the activation energy of a reaction
85
Which of the following phrases best describes a solvent?
usually a sugar or a protein
has a high concentration of solutes
present in a greater concentration than solutes
can be dissolved by the solute
86
What discovery supports the hypothesis: RNA was the genetic material in the earliest organisms?
Chains of RNA will form lipid membranes.
RNA stores genetic information on ribozymes.
DNA does not require enzymes to replicate.
Ribozymes are RNA that can self-replicate.
87
During anaphase, the shortening of the microtubules
uses ATP
occurs in mitosis
all of the above
is caused by microtubules sliding across each other
88
Where would binary fission likely occur?
plant cell
bacterial cell
human cell
fungal cell
89
The total amount of ATP that a cell gains for each glucose molecule depends on the presence of
oxygen
water
carbon dioxide
glucose
90
What fictional character has been played by the most actors in TV & film?
Freddie Mercury
Spongebob
Sherlock Holmes
Dracula
91
A tRNA that carries the amino acid methionine pairs with which type of codon?
anticodon
tRNA codon
serine codon
start codon
92
During an experiment, which factors are kept the same to make the experiment fair?
hypotheses
independant variables
dependent variables
constants
93
The part of cellular respiration that needs oxygen takes place inside the
cytoplasm
nucleus
thylakoid
mitochondria
94
The organelles associated with “reeling in” chromosomes using protein fibers in animal cells.
centrioles
rough endoplasmic reticula
lysosomes
chloroplasts
95
Which of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor?
competition
unusual weather
human activities
natural disaster
96
Knowledge of biology can promote advances by helping all people make
profitable products.
strong opinions.
individual values.
informed decisions.
97
Which of the following cell types is haploid?
germ cell
somatic cell
liver cell
sperm cell
98
The use and application of living things and biological processes is known as
epidemiology.
medical research.
biotechnology.
medical research.
99
Are birds cold blooded or warm blooded?
Cold hearted chipers
Warm blooded floofers
100
Specialized structures that work together inside a cell are called
organelles
prokaryotes
nuclei
eukaryotes
101
How much did the world population increase between 1950 and the last recorded population?
It increased by 8 billion.
It quadrupled
It doubled
It increased by 4 billion.
102
In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
nucleus
vacuole
ribosome
cytoplasm
103
If a characteristic is sex-linked, the gene for it is found on
an autosome
an allele.
a linked chromosome.
a sex chromosome.
104
Garden peas are good subjects for studying heredity because they
have few traits.
mature quickly.
105
Which of the following processes produces the most ATP?
aerobic respiration
glycolysis
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
106
The unknown genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype can be determined using a
test cross.
probability formula.
dihybrid cross.
ratio.
107
A scientist noticed that the number of fish in ponds was declining. This was a(n)
hypothesis
control
observation
theory
108
What molecule carries chemical energy that cells use for their functions?
ATP
NADP+
ADP
NAD+
109
What is the net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis?
2
1
34
6
110
Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that
thymine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
DNA is made of two strands that twist into a double helix.
DNA and RNA have the same structure.
guanine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine.
111
The process of cellular respiration
breaks down food molecules to release stored energy.
occurs only in animals.
occurs before plants are able to continue photosynthesis
is done only by organisms incapable of photosynthesis.
112
How many people can Earth support?
10 billion
50 billion
20 billion
Who knows, man. Who knows.
113
Which process is part of the hydrologic cycle?
evaporation
ammonification
114
The tortoise from Ab would likely be better adapted than the Alb tortoise to which environment?
areas with lots of taller plants
areas with no plants and sand dunes
areas with only tall trees
areas with short plants and mosses
115
The entire molecule shown in the diagram below is called a(n)
nucleotide
amino acid
116
A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area is called a(n)
biome
ecosystem
population
community
117
Complex studies, like investigating disease transmission in humans, often use which method?
multiple lab experiments
computer modeling
magnetic resonance imaging
human testing
118
Human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which chromosome combination?
OwO
XX
YY
XY
119
The fusion of haploid gametes is called
reassortment
meiosis
gametogenesis
fertilization
120
Chemical analysis of Avery’s extracts showed that the nitrogen:phosphorus was consistent with
enzymes.
DNA.
bacteria.
protein.
121
What is the instrument used to measure blood pressure?
richtermeter
ascomandontometer
sphygmomanometer
seismograph
122
Hydrogen ion pumps found in the thylakoid membranes are directly responsible for
generating glucose molecules
moving hydrogen ions out of the thylakoid
providing the energy to produce ATP molecules
producing NADP+
123
Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to the base sequence ACCGTAT?
CAATGCG.
UCCGTAT.
TGGCATA.
GTTACGC.
124
Almost all autotrophs get their energy from
producers
sunlight
decaying matter
hydrothermal pools
125
Separation of homologs occurs during
meiosis II
fertilization
mitosis
meiosis I
126
Internal cell cycle proteins determine cell division rates. These class of regulators are
spindle fibers
DNA polmerase
cyclins
centromeres
127
Because the manatee is an umbrella species, protecting it may lead to
pollution of waterways.
increased boating in their habitat.
decreased seagrass.
protection of many other species.
128
Fermentation enables glycolysis to continue under
aerobic conditions
low-light conditions
anaerobic conditions
photosynthetic conditions
129
As a result of the Hershey and Chase experiments, scientists believe that
the “transforming principle” is DNA.
radioactive isotopes can be used safely.
viruses use bacterial DNA to reproduce.
bacteriophages can be grown in culture medium
130
The process by which organisms make more of their own kind is called
metabolism
reproduction
growth
heredity
131
The term biosphere refers to the parts of Earth that contain
living things
freshwater environments
greater biodiversity
land masses
132
The variety of life across the biosphere is called
biodiversity
homeostasis
ecology
genomics
133
What molecule carries chemical energy that cells use for their functions?
ATP
NAD+
NADP+
ADP
134
How many amino acids are used to make up the all of the proteins in the human body?
20
46
16
23
135
Hydrogen bonds can form between regions of polar molecules that are
uncharged (neutral)
nonpolar
negatively charged
oppositely charged
136
What type of population growth is shown in the graph?
exponential growth
logistic growth
carrying capacity growth
density-dependent growth
137
Are all strawberries red?
Yes, I am a fool
No, they're too funky flavourful to have one outfit
138
The remnant of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor is known as a(n)
analogous structure.
homologous structure.
fossil structure.
vestigial structure.
139
Which of the following statements best describes cellular respiration?
ATP and oxygen are used to make sugars and starches.
ATP and carbon dioxide are used to make ADP and water
Sunlight and carbon dioxide are used to make ATP
Carbon-based molecules from food/oxygen are used to make ATP
140
The lac operon is shut off when
lactose is absent.
glucose is present.
lactose is present.
glucose is absent.
141
Which process breaks down sugars to make ATP when oxygen is present?
photosynthesis
anaerobic respiration
cellular respiration
glycolysis
142
Which phrase best describes the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction?
decreases the activation energy
decreases the reaction rate
increases the volume of reactants
increases the temperature
143
Substances are changed into different substances when bonds break and form during
chemical reactions.
ion formation.
chemical equilibrium.
hydrogen bonding.
144
The inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the
law of dominance.
law of separate convenience.
law of independent assortment.
law of universal inheritance.
145
Which molecules found in the food we eat is most commonly broken down to make ATP?
vitamins
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
146
Some tumors do not metastasize. These tumors are classified as
animal
lung
cancerous
benign
147
Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration?
Krebs cycle
Calvin cycle
electron transport
glycolysis
148
The pH of normal rain is
4.9
7.0
4.1
5.6
149
Chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release are called
catalyzed
exothermic
endothermic
activated
150
In the lock-and-key model of enzyme function shown in Figure 2.2, what is happening in step 2?
The active sites are restructuring the enzyme
The catalyzed reaction is releasing a product.
The substrates are beginning to bind to the enzyme.
Enzyme is causing new bonds to form between the substrates
151
An electron microscope would be the best choice for viewing
a person’s brain activity.
details of cell structure.
human ligaments.
live bacteria.
152
Data mining contributes to the field of genomics by finding
models of complex systems.
images of organisms.
specimens on which to experiment.
patterns within data.
153
The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are
Watson and Crick.
Avery and Chargaff.
154
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for
different traits
sex
DNA
the same traits
155
Which of the following are end products of glycolysis?
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
NAD+, oxygen, and two ATP molecules
two three-carbon molecules, ATP, and NAD+
pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
156
How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
16
4
157
Which of the following organisms do not carry out photosynthesis?
certain prokaryotes
algae
animals
plants
158
The smallest basic unit of matter is the
molecule
compound
atom
cell
159
The exchange of segments of DNA between the members of a pair of chromosomes
acts as a source of variations within a species
ensures that variations within a species never occur
is called genetic crossing
always produces genetic disorders
160
Meteorites have provided evidence that supports the possibility that organic compounds
came to Earth from space.
consist of amino acids.
could not have formed naturally on Earth.
are the building blocks of life.
161
Do bees hear?
Yes, look at dem ears
No, they feel vibrations
162
What is the name given for genetic changes in living things over time?
evolution
adaption
homeostasis
negative feedback
163
Which of the following is not found in RNA?
adenine
thymine
cytosine
uracil
164
Which of the following is an important characteristic of a scientific theory?
accepted by the public
supported by much evidence
proven by more than one scientist
proven by more than one scientist
165
Why does a runner breathe hard for a few minutes after finishing a race?
The runner’s cells cannot perform glycolysis
The runner’s cells need oxygen to make lactic acid
The runner’s cells continue the fermentation process
The runner’s cells are making up for an oxygen deficit
166
What provides the electron transport chain with the energy it needs to function?
glycolysis
chlorophyll
ATP synthase
Krebs cycle
167
Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all types of
hormones
lipids
fatty acids
cell membranes
168
Where on the lac operon does a repressor molecule bind when lactose is absent?
to a structural gene
to the promoter
to the operator
to the regulator
169
Which of the following events occurs directly after a DNA molecule is unzipped?
Identical double-stranded DNA molecules are formed.
Mismatched nucleotide bases are identified and replaced
Enzymes break hydrogen bonds between base pairs.
Free-floating nucleotides pair up with exposed bases.
170
Which phrase best describes the property of selective permeability?
all ions pass
large molecules pass
some molecules pass
all molecules pass
171
The portions of DNA molecules that actually code for the production of proteins are called
exposons
transposons.
introns
exons.
172
Which statement best explains why the shape of teeth differs according to a diet of a species?
Organisms must maintain homeostasis.
Organisms interact with other organisms.
Individual parts must work together.
Structure and function are related in biology.
173
In natural selection, the selective agent is the
humans
mutations
environment
breeders
174
The building blocks of most biomolecules contain the element
nitrogen
sodium
calcium
carbon
175
Which event occurs soon after RNA polymerase recognizes the transcription start site of a gene?
Free-floating nucleotides pair up with exposed DNA bases.
A complementary RNA strand detaches itself from the DNA.
The DNA strand begins to unwind, separating the two strands.
The polymerase strings amino acids into a polypeptide.
176
Meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes?
23
46
22
44
177
B4 mitosis chromosomes are replicated. After doubling, how many chromatids does each contain?
46
23
92
2
178
If two species have similar DNA sequences, it would indicate that they
will have similar fitness.
share a common ancestor.
are not closely related.
have no evolutionary relationship.
179
In the electron transport chain, energy from the Krebs cycle is used to pump hydrogen ions
along a concentration gradient in the thylakoid
across the inner mitochondrial membrane
through the ATP synthase enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix
along the thylakoid membrane
180
What happens to electrons that have been depleted of energy during ATP production? 2nd stage
Build up inside mitochondria and diffuse back to thylakoid.
They combine with oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water.
They are excited by light energy.
They combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
181
Similar organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding belong to the same
environment
habitat
species
ecosystem
182
Name of the process when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen
oxidation
photosynthesis
fermentation
respiration
183
RNA world theory of the origins of life says on Earth, genetic information was stored/copied by
liposomes.
ribozymes.
iron-sulfide bubbles.
cyanobacteria.
184
In humans, gametes contain
1 autosome and 22 sex chromosomes.
45 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
1 autosome and 45 sex chromosomes.
185
Which phrase about fermentation is correct?
uses electron transport chain
takes place without oxygen
is an aerobic process
only occurs in bacteria
186
An important factor in the “transforming principle” as DNA was the fact that proteins
contain very little phosphorus.
do not react with enzymes.
could be observed in the extract made from R bacteria.
were present in the extract made from S bacteria.
187
What are the main functions of DNA polymerase?
binds nucleotides and corrects base pair errors
holds DNA strands apart and attracts bases
zips and unzips the double-stranded DNA.
breaks hydrogen bonds and exposes bases.
188
The electrons of an atom
are found in the nucleus along with the protons
have a positive charge
are attached to the positive charge of neutrons
occupy the space surrounding the nucleus
189
Low temperatures may cause photosynthesis to occur
more quickly
more slowly
only in sunlight
at a constant rate
190
The human karyotype usually contains _______ PAIRS of chromosomes
46
12
23
5
191
Which word best describes a scientific hypothesis?
provable
testable
quantifiable
theoretical
192
Crossing-over occurs
during fertilization.
during prophase II.
during prophase I.
at the centromere.
193
The series of molecules that cause protons to build up on one side of a membrane is a(n)
ATP synthase
ADP
electron transport chain
NADH
194
Avery and his research team concluded that
DNA and RNA were found in the human nucleus.
DNA was responsible for transformation.
RNA was the genetic material.
protein bases were the genetic material.
195
What does an egg contribute to the embryo that a sperm does not contribute?
DNA
germ cells
organelles
polar bodies
196
What is a compound?
two atoms of a single element bonded together
a molecule of two oxygen atoms
atoms of different elements bonded together in certain ratio
separate atoms of multiple elements in varying ratios
197
Did the minions stick with Gru because they thought him their banana overlord?
Yes
All hail banana man!
No (I have no clue what I'm talking about)
Yes but in another color
198
Only individuals belonging to the same species are able to
reproduce by interbreeding.
use similar metabolic processes.
respond to stimuli in the same way.
inhabit a particular ecosystem.
199
Which of the following is an example of a mutagen?
thymine
UV sunlight
triglyceride
repair enzyme
200
Which of the following is not formed during the Krebs cycle?
NADH
CO2
FADH2
NADPH
201
Which phases are collectively known as interphase?
G1 and C
G1, G2, and S
G, M, and C
M and C
202
Which nucleotide bases go together?
C=A AND T=G
A=C AND G=T
A=T and C=G
A+T=C+G
203
What is a phospholipid composed of?
a polar head and tail
a nonpolar head and a polar tail
a nonpolar head and tail
a polar head and a nonpolar tail
204
An organism has two alleles at a particular locus that are different, the organism is called
dominant
purebred
homozygous
heterozygous
205
The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell itself divides to create two daughter cells
synthesis
mitosis
cytokinesis
replication
206
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
amino
codon
serine
base
207
Which is a true statement about biology’s unanswered questions?
rarely depend on technology
many remain unasked
few existed in the past
unlikely to change anything
208
Plants store glucose in the form of
chitin
cellulose
starch
glycogen
209
What is the function of oxygen in cellular respiration?
to deliver hydrogen ions to the electron transport chain
to provide oxygen for the production of carbon dioxide
to pick up electrons at end of the electron transport chain
to give a source of energy to the Krebs cycle
210
The space inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast is called the
reaction center
pigment
thylakoid
stroma
211
Where in plant cells are the energy-absorbing molecules for photosynthesis located?
stroma
mitochondria
thylakoids
ATP synthase
212
Movement of molecules down aconcentration gradient thru transport proteins in the cell membrane
energy expenditure
selective transport
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
213
How many moons does Saturn have?
26
27
72
62
214
Which of the following is a theory?
observations made during the Voyage of the Beagle
an educated guess
a very specific prediction
an explanation that has been scientifically tested/supported
215
The difference in concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called a
saline solution.
dynamic gradient.
concentrated solution
concentration gradient
216
When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes
produce new genes.
mutate in the first division.
exchange corresponding segments of DNA.
decrease in number.
217
Hershey and Chase chose to use bacteriophages in their experiments because these viruses
can be seen with a light microscope.
can infect only bacteria, not humans.
contain little more than DNA and protein.
will not grow in radioactive culture.
218
Which of these characteristics is shared by all living things?
make their own chemical energy
reproduce when one cell divides into two
similar responses to light
made up of one or more cells
219
Hershey and Chase demonstrated without question that
DNA and proteins are the same molecules in different parts
genes are composed of protein molecules
DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information in cells
bacteria injects DNA into the cytoplasm of bacteriophages
220
The development by scientists of a new color in a rose is the result of
overproduction
descent with modification
natural selection
artificial selection
221
Which category of carbon-based molecules includes sugars and starches?
unsaturated fatty acids
carbohydrates
phospholipids
proteins
222
Term for the amount of energy that needs to be added for a chemical reaction to start
chemical energy
activation energy
reactant energy
bond energy
223
An individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be
haploid for the trait.
mutated.
heterozygous for the trait.
homozygous for the trait.
224
What does evolution mean in biology?
change in theories over time
change in species over time
change in individuals over time
change in ecosystems over time
225
At a hydrogen ion pump of the thylakoid membrane,
electrons are pushed out of the thylakoid
energy from electrons is used to make ATP
electrons are accepted by glucose
the thylakoid bursts, releasing energy
226
Most typically, the order in which the steps of scientific investigations are applied is
experiment/hypothesis/analysis/observe/question/conclusion
observe/question/hypothesis/experiment/analysis/conclusion
observe/experiment/hypothesis/analysis/conclusion/question
question/observe/analysis/experiment/conclusion/hypothesis
227
Which word best describes the structure of the cell membrane?
rigid
layered
impermeable
nonpolar
228
Which of the following correctly identifies the complex of DNA + protein?
microtubules
a kinetochore
chromatin
enzyme
229
The basic unit of life is
an atom
the cell
DNA
a species
230
Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell does not have
a nucleus
DNA
a cell membrane
cytoplasm
231
What is the term for the nucleotide sequences that are removed during mRNA processing?
operators
exons
introns
promoters
232
A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a(n)
molecule
element
compound
cell
233
Which of the following is the site of translation?
lysosome
nucleus
ribosome
vacuole
234
The attraction among molecules of different substances is called
surface tension
adhesion
cohesion
235
An allele is dominant in a heterozygote when it is
more desirable than the other allele.
expressed and the other allele is not.
a very common allele in a population.
the stronger of the two alleles.
236
The 4 main types of carbon-based molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and
proteins.
fatty acids.
starches.
monosaccharides.
237
A ligand produces a response in a cell if it finds the right kind of
receptor
carbohydrates
membrane
hormone
238
A nucleotide consists of
a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
a sugar, a protein, and adenine.
a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
a sugar, an amino acid, and starch.
239
Which phrase best describes atoms?
single-celled organism
parts of a nucleus
smallest basic units of matter
positively charged particles
240
Which phrase best describes the process of meiosis?
occurs in body cells
produces haploid gametes
happens only in haploid cells
results in genetically identical cells
241
The finches that Darwin studied differed in beak shape. Darwin said the finches probably
were descended from similar birds in Africa.
would become more similar over time.
had become adapted to eating different diets.
came with those traits from South America.
242
Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?
purines: uracil, thymine; pyrimidines: guanine, cytosine
purines: adenine, thymine; pyrimidines: guanine, cytosine
purines: adenine, thymine; pyrimidines: uracil, cytosine
purines: adenine, guanine; pyrimidines: thymine, cytosine
243
DNA stores
energy
fat
carbohydrates
hereditary information
244
When glycolysis occurs,
a molecule of glucose is split.
photosynthesis begins.
pyruvates are combined.
a molecule of glucose is formed.
245
Acidic solutions have a pH that is
less than 7
a negative number
between 7 and 14
more than 7
246
Which of the following is an example of a biological trait?
accent
personality
hair sytle
eye color
247
Scientists agree that changes in atmospheric gases may
help the global biosphere.
affect the global biosphere.
not affect the global biosphere.
harm the global geosphere.
248
The function of rRNA is to
transfer amino acids to ribosomes.
synthesize mRNA.
synthesize DNA.
form ribosomes.
249
1 amino acid connects to a carboxyl group of another amino acid in a protein. The link is a(n)
polar bond
hydrogen bond
ionic bond
peptide bond
250
The naked mole rat is also known as a
sand puppy
role mat
Doesn't matter, they're horrifying
251
Mitosis is complete at the end of
anaphase
telophase
interphase
cytokinesis
252
All the rabbits living in a particular area would be an example of a(n)
species
population
253
When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes
exchange corresponding segments of DNA.
decrease in number.
produce new genes.
mutate in the first division.
254
Biotechnology raises ethical questions, primarily concerning the
wisdom of continuing to use technology.
safety of eating transgenic plants.
ways in which knowledge should be used.
best use of funds for biological research.
255
Biology is the study of
life
weather
materials
energy
256
Trees that drop their leaves during the cold season are known as _____ trees
evergreen
coniferous
deciduous
arctic
257
Atoms in molecules share pairs of electrons when they make
ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
polymers
covalent bonds
258
Because of photosynthesis,
animals can get energy directly from the sun
plants produce carbon dioxide
the atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas
water is constantly being produced
259
Long chains of amino acids are found in
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
sugars
260
What is unique about carbon?
properties as a reactant
bonding properties
ability to bond with oxygen
properties as an enzyme
261
Which process is used to release insulin from pancreatic cells into the bloodstream?
exocytosis
passive transport
active transport
endocytosis
262
Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis II?
Nuclear membrane breaks down.
Cytoplasm divides.
Spindle fibers disassemble.
Sister chromatids separate.
263
2 similar chromosomes inherited from your parents are called
homozygous alleles.
homologous chromosomes.
sex chromosomes.
sister chromatids.
264
In an experiment, the condition that is manipulated by a scientist is the
dependent variable
independent variable
control condition
constant
265
A major regional or global community of organisms is called a(n)
ecosystem
population
biome
species
266
What is Earth thought to have been like four billion years ago?
very hot, without continents, oceans, or atmosphere
tropical, with oceans and an oxygen atmosphere
267
Since the allele for colorblindness is located on the X chromosome, colorblindness
occurs only in adults.
cannot be inherited.
occurs only in females.
is sex-linked.
268
When new DNA molecules are formed, almost all errors are detected and fixed by
one DNA strand
the sugar-phosphate backbone.
DNA polymerase.
the correct nucleotide
269
The layer of air surrounding Earth is known as the
geosphere
biosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
270
Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor?
deer
river
sunlight
soil
271
A bird that can outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high
adaptability
life expectancy
fitness
mutation rate
272
As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis
increases until the light saturation point is reached
decreases until the light saturation point is reached
increases indefinitely
decreases indefinitely
273
The study and manipulation of DNA on a molecular level is known as
molecular genetics
evolution
genomes
biochemistry
274
Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)
RNA molecule.
tRNA molecule.
DNA molecule.
uracil molecule.
275
Organisms use energy for all chemical processes. Together, all of these processes are called
metabolism
adaption
homeostasis
negative feedback
276
At the very beginning of translation, the first tRNA molecule
connects an amino acid to its anticodon.
binds to the mRNA’s anticodon.
binds to the mRNA’s start codon.
attaches directly to the DNA codon.
277
Water is an end product in
the Krebs cycle
lactic acid fermentation
alcoholic fermentation
the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration
278
Which of the following conclusions was a result of Mendel’s observations?
Organisms that have intermediate features self-pollinate.
Organisms that self-pollinate don't have either-or features
Organisms that rise to purebreds are genetically superior.
Organisms inherit 2 copies of each gene, 1 from each parent
279
Tiny free-floating animals that live in water are called
zooplankton
phytoplankton
280
An individual living thing is called a(n)
species
organism
atom
cell
281
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection included
convergence and adaptation.
coevolution and selection.
microevolution and variation.
overproduction and selection.
282
Burmese pythons introduced in the Everglades could become a threat to
kudzu
endangered birds
Kuzco
large mammals
283
Enzymes affect chemical reactions in living organisms by
weakening bonds in reactants.
changing the direction of a reaction.
increasing the temperature range.
breaking down molecules into starch.
284
What are renewable resources?
resources that exist only in rural areas
resources that can replenish themselves over time
resources that are used faster than they form
resources that formed over millions of years
285
Mendel crossed 🌸 with 💮; offspring had 🌸. Pollinated, andF1 generation made both. Traits are
diluted in offspring
inherited as discrete units.
lost in the pollination process
merged with successive generations
286
Water moves into a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is
hypertonic
hypotonic
concentrated
isotonic
287
ATP is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and
three phosphate groups
two phosphate groups
one phosphate group
four phosphate groups
288
The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA during replication
prevents separation of complementary strands of RNA.
is the responsibility of the proofreading enzymes.
is accomplished only in the presence of tRNA.
is accomplished by DNA polymerase.
289
The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is
NADPH
oxygen
ATP
water
290
1 way experimental research differs from observational research is experimental research can
test a hypothesis.
produce scientific results.
support a theory.
show cause and effect.
291
Sister chromatids are joined together at a special linkage called the
centromere
histone
karyotype
euchromatin
292
Unlike passive transport, active transport requires
energy from the cell
vesicles
concentration gradients
diffusion
293
The energy used in the Calvin cycle for the production of sugar molecules comes from
ATP only
ATP and NADPH
the Krebs cycle
carbon dioxide
294
Which of the following environmental factors does not affect the rate of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide concentration
light intensity
temperature
oxygen concentration
295
Which of the following molecules are classified as carbohydrates?
sugars
nucleotides
fats
amino acids
296
A trait that allows organisms to survive better than others in a specific environment is
accomodation
adaption
variation
selection
297
Two products of the Krebs cycle are
g n o m e s
ATP and CO2
ATP and O2
H2O and CO2
298
On a cellular level, cancer is a
medical anomaly
common, but non-urgent diagnosis
disease of the cell cycle
disease of the cell cycle
299
Which level of the food chain is most affected by biomagnification?
tertiary consumers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
producers
300
An electron transport chain produces ATP, is part of both the cellular respiration process, and
glycolysis
photosynthesis
Krebs cycle
fermentation
301
The scientific study of heredity is called
genetics
heretics
302
Mendel was able to identify predictable patterns of heredity. He chose to study traits that
tended to be recessive.
could be diluted.
had only two forms.
were always dominant.
303
Computer modeling would likely have to be applied to which of these biological research topics?
how a drug to treat cancer affects lab rats that have cancer
how sugar levels in an athlete's muscles change in exercise
how West Nile virus might spread among a population
how different amounts of fertilizer change crop yields
304
An organism that has an unusually large effect on an ecosystem is called a(n)
omnivore
keystone species
biotic factor
heterotroph
305
The enzymes that unwind DNA during replication are called
DNA helicases
double helixes
306
Sexual reproduction includes
budding
fertilization
fragmentation
binary fission
307
Attractions between water molecules are called
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
polar bonds
308
When placed in the same container, oil and water do not mix because
they are both polar
they are both nonpolar
water is polar and oil is nonpolar
water is nonpolar and oil is polar
309
An ion is formed when an atom gains or loses
neurons
protons
bonds
electrons
310
What do the letters inside the grid of a Punnett square represent?
phenotypes of parents
genotypes of offspring
testcrosses of offspring
311
two strands of DNA join together to form a
person
double helix
DNA helicase
312
Who performed the iconic, revolutionary song that relates to the previous question? Marky Mark+
Taylor Swift
The Spice Girls
The Funky Bunch
Backstreet Boys
313
The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a(n)
iconic bond
covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
314
In what biome is biodiversity the highest?
temperate forests
grasslands
deserts
tropical rain forests
315
Atoms connected by covalent bonds share
hydrogen ions.
ionic compounds.
carbon and oxygen.
pairs of electrons.
316
The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their
nitrogen-containing bases.
phosphate groups.
ring-shaped sugars.
hydrogen bonds.
317
Griffith’s transformation experiments
changed proteins into DNA.
resulted in DNA molecules becoming proteins.
caused harmless bacteria to become deadly.
were designed to show the effect of heat on bacteria.
318
Which of the following phrases best describes the function of meiosis?
reduces chromosome number by half, produces diploid cells
reduces chromosome number by half, produces gametes
conserves chromosome #, produces genetically identical cells
conserves chromosome number, produces haploid cells
319
Why is this Quizlet so long?
Because it just is.
Because the creator has too much free time
Why not?
Because biology is a large topic
320
The process that makes an exact copy of a cell’s DNA is called
synthesis.
conservation
preservation.
replication
321
Which country has a beaver as their mascot?
France
Alaska
Scotland
Canada (Justin Beiber hahahahhahaha :(
322
When is it believed for all of the planets to be aligned?
2022
3019
2854
2562
323
What is the term for the jellylike substance that is contained inside the cell membrane?
organelle
cytoplasm
nucleus
DNA
324
What gives water many properties that are important to living things?
specific heat
hydrogen bonds
temperature
density
325
Which of the following will increase the size of a population?
emigration and deaths
immigration and deaths
emigration and births
immigration and births
326
Molecule has a partial positive charge on 1 side+partial negative charge on 1 side is called a
ion
nonpolar molecule
polar molecule
charged molecule
327
Which phrase best defines a gene?
inherited trait
slice of a specimen
basic unit of life
segment of DNA
328
Ionic bonds form between particles that have
the same charge
opposite charges
neutral charges
no charges
329
In a eukaryotic cell, where does mRNA processing take place?
nucleus
cytoplasm
ribosome
operator
330
Which model did scientists develop to describe the cell membrane?
fluid mosaic model
transport model
phospholipid model
dynamic model
331
Which organisms help convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia in the nitrogen cycle?
bacteria
squirrels
trees
grasses
332
How many questions does the average 4 year old ask per day?
100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
400
50
100
333
Which of the following cell types is diploid?
gamete
sex cell
ovum
somatic cell
334
Which of the following provide most of the energy in ecosystems?
keystone species
carnivores
producers
generalists
335
Which of the following statements is true of homologous chromosomes?
there are exact copies
they contain the same genes
they connect to each other
they divide during meiosis II
336
Cells must control gene expression so that
their genes will never be expressed.
their genes will be expressed only when needed.
genetic disorders can be corrected.
their genes will always be expressed.
337
Non-coding parts of DNA separated from the portions of DNA actually used during transcription
introns
transposons
exposons
introns
338
Cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
glucose
339
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP is
phosphate synthase
ATP synthase
ADP synthase
glucose synthase
340
The breakdown of which of the following provides the largest number of ATP per molecule?
cellulose
proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
341
Which of the following does not provide new genetic combinations?
crossing-over
independent assortment
cytokinesis
random fertilization
342
Gametogenesis is the term for
the fertilization of eggs.
the production of gametes.
the movement of sperm.
the development of polar bodies.
343
What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?
variation
adaption
344
A repressor protein
prevents DNA synthesis.
blocks movement of RNA polymerase.
destroys amino acids before protein synthesis occurs
attaches to ribosomes during translation.
345
Tall(T) is dominant to short(t) pea plants. Which represents a pea plant that is heterozygous?
UwU
tt
Tt
TT
346
Which of the following types of organisms uses cellular respiration for cellular energy needs?
plants only
animals only
eukaryotes
prokaryotes
347
Which of the following cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means?
molecule
element
compound
bond
348
Which phrase best describes biodiversity?
the amount of available energy in an ecosystem
the number of individuals in an ecosystem
the number of species in an ecosystem
the amount of biomass in an ecosystem
349
What evidence for past evolutionary relationship can be seen in different groups of vertebrates
no homologous structures in their anatomy
different features in early stages of embryos
similar features in early stages of embryos
totally different protein sequences
350
The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from
DNA to RNA to proteins.
nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm
genes to nuclei to ribosomes
ribosomes to proteins to DNA
351
Daughter nuclei become reorganized and nuclear envelopes re-form during
metaphase
prophase
interphase
telophase
352
The X and Y chromosomes are called
sex chromosomes
homologous chromosomes
extra chromosomes
autosomes
353
Which phrase best describes the main role of fermentation?
allows glycolysis to continue making a small amount of ATP
produces lactic acid to counteract an oxygen deficit
converts glucose into pyruvate and NADH
allowing anaerobic production of ADP
354
Making new DNA molecules is semiconservative. Every new DNA molecule is composed of
one original and one new strand of DNA
two strands that mix original and new DNA
two completely identical strands of DNA.
one strand of DNA and one strand of RNA
355
What gives each amino acid its unique properties? Its
carboxyl group
amino group
side group
sequence
356
A membrane-bound sac used to transport substances into and out of cells is a
lysosome
pump
vesicle
macrophage
357
Props to you if you've made it this far. Last question: have you cried?
No
Yes
358
Hair color and eye color are examples of a person’s
phenotype
genotype
359
Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
fatty acids
amino acids
monosaccharides
nucleotides
360
What % of DNA do humans share with bananas?
36%
37%
50%
25%
361
Which stage of scientific inquiry would scientists find their hypotheses supported by data?
analyzing data
testing hypothesis
observing
evaluating results
362
Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of
glycolysis
fermentation
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
363
The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is
the air
glucose
carbon dioxide
water
364
Which of the following directly provides the energy needed for cell functions?
ADP loses a phosphate group
A phosphate group is removed from ATP
Electrons are passed to proteins
Oxygen picks up electrons
365
The reestablishment of a damaged ecosystem in an area where the soil is intact is called
primary succession.
secondary succession.
symbiotic succession.
pioneer succession.
366
The double arrows tell you that the following reaction CO₂+ H₂O <--> CO₂CO₃
is very unstable
takes place very rapidly
occurs in both directions
has high bond energies
367
Which phrase best describes passive transport?
requires facilitation by enzymes
requires an isotonic solution
requires transport proteins
requires no energy from the cell
368
Changes in temperature and pH can decrease an enzyme’s activity by breaking
hydrogen bonds
amino acids
peptide bonds
sulfur-sulfur bonds
369
Cells use active transport proteins to
obtain molecules they need
detect the charge of molecules
engulf large particles
obtain molecules they need
370
If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellular respiration
the electron transport chain works more efficiently
the Krebs cycle begins
glycolysis stops
fermentation will occur
371
Which of the following is an example of transgenic organisms?
yeast used to produce bread
microorganisms that produce cheese
bacteria that produce human insulin
algae that produce hydrogen gas
372
Which is the correct description of evolution?
beneficial inherited trait passed to future generations
change in biodiversity across Earth's surface
relationship between organisms'structure and function
change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
373
A cleavage furrow is likely to form in
plant cells
bacterial cells
animal cells
fungal cells
374
Mendel’s law of segregation states that
each pair of alleles remains together when gametes form
2 alleles segregate independently when gametes are formed.
pairs of alleles separate one another after gamete formation
375
Which of the following describes natural selection?
It forms new genetic material
It acts on genetic material directly
It forms new traits
It acts on existing physical traits