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BIOL 1081 2021 Final
ATP hydrolysis is
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BIOL 1081 2021 Final
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1
Picture
all yellow
3 yellow: 1 Green
1 yellow: 3 green
1 yellow: 1 green
2
ATP hydrolysis is
anabolic.
chemoautotrophic.
exergonic.
endergonic.
3
The cell walls of most fungi are composed of
chitin.
peptides.
glycerol.
cellulose.
4
Plant cells transport sucrose across the vacuole membrane against its concentration gradient by a process known as
active transport.
passive transport.
facilitated diffusion.
simple diffusion
5
The enzyme sucrase increases the rate at which sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose. Sucrase works by
Increasing the amount of free energy of the reaction
lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
supplying energy to speed up the reaction.
decreasing the equilibrium constant of the reaction
6
the following cellular metabolic processes is active in all cells, regardless of the presence or the absence of oxygen?
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Fermentation
The citric acid cycle
7
The NADPH required for CO2 fixation is formed
In C4 plants only.
by the hydrolysis of ATP.
by the reduction of O2.
during the light reactions.
8
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA prior to replication is called
single-stranded DNA binding protein.
DNA polymerase III.
helicase.
DNA primase.
9
The citric acid cycle begins with
NADH + H+.
ATP synthase.
glucose.
acetyl CoA.
10
Cholesterol is composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Therefore, one would expect cholesterol to be
an acid.
a polar molecule.
insoluble in water.
a base.
11
Which of the following statements about proteins is FALSE?
Some hormones are proteins.
They have similar chemical properties to phospholipids.
Enzymes are proteins
They are structural components of the cell.
12
If a double-stranded DNA molecule contains 30 percent T. It must contain __ percent G.
50
40
20
30
13
Which of the following occurs during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
Nothing occurs, the plant rests in the dark.
Chlorophyll acts as an enzyme
Water is converted into hydrogen and water.
CO2 is converted into sugars.
14
What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
A prokaryotic cell is larger than a prokaryotic cell.
Prokaryotic cells have not prospered, eukaryotic cells are "successes."
A prokaryotic cell does not have DNA, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
15
The products of mitosis are
two genetically identical nuclei.
four nuclei containing half as much DNA as the parent nucleus.
four nuclei containing half as much DNA as the parent nucleus
four genetically identical nuclei.
16
The mitotic spindle is composed of
microtubules.
centrosomes.
chromosomes.
chromatids
17
Which of the following statements about diffusion is FALSE?
Simple diffusion depends upon specific carrier proteins.
In diffusion: molecules move from areas of greater concentration to less
Diffusion continues until the concentrations are in equilibrium.
Diffusion is a random process.
18
Enveloped viruses
always contain RNA.
have a thin layer of peptidoglycan in their envelope
pick up their envelope from their host.
commonly infect bacteria, i,e. are bacteriophage
19
Genetic recombination occurs during
fertilization.
prophase of meiosis I.
the interphase preceding meiosis II
the mitotic telophase.
20
In a membrane, the phospholipids are arranged with the fatty acid chains facing the interior.As a result the interior is
hydrophobic.
hydrophilic
polar.
charged.
21
Transcription factors
have a particular motif that allows them to interact with mRNA.
help stabilize the mRNAs in the cytoplasm.
mark particular proteins for degradation.
interact with RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
22
DNA carries genetic information in its
sequence of amino acids.
tertiary sequence.
sequence of bases.
helical form.
23
Which part of the tRNA base-pairs with the codon in the mRNA?
The 3" end, where the amino acid is covalently attached
The 5' end
The anticodon
The start codon
24
Semiconservative replication of DNA involves
only one of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand.
each of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand.
complete separation of the original strands, synthesis of new strands
25
A single covalent chemical bond represent, the sharing of how many electrons?
1
3
4
2
26
Which of the following molecules transfers information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
DNA
Proteins
tRNA
mRNA
27
Viruses that violate the "central dogma" through the use of an enzyme that makesDNA copies of an RNA molecule are called
bacteriophage
RNA viruses.
retroviruses.
DNA viruses.
28
Evolution is
not influenced by natural selection
the change in protein expression of a population through time
the change in the genetic makeup of a population through time
not important to the study of biology
29
An atom that is neutrally charged contains
the same number of neutrons and protons
the same number of protons and electrons.
no charged particles.
only neutrons.
30
Photosynthesis is the process that uses light energy to extract hydrogen atoms from
water.
glucose.
chlorophyll.
CO2
31
Picture
Rough ER, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, plasma membrane.
Golgi apparatus, rough ER, lysosome
Lysosome, vesicle, plasma membrane
32
At the milestone that defines telophase, the chromosomes
line up.
separate.
are at opposite poles.
come together.
33
The component of aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP per mole of glucose is
the electron transport chain
the citric acid cycle.
lactic acid fermentation.
glycolysis.
34
During infection of E. coli cells by bacteriophage T2.
only protein from the infecting phage can also be detected in progeny phage
both proteins and nucleic acids enter the cell.
proteins are the only phage components that enter the infected cell.
only nucleic acids enter the cell.
35
Which statement about cytokinesis is true?
It follows mitosis.
In animals. a cell plate forms.
It is the division of the nucieus.
In plants, it is initiated by furrowing of the membrane.
36
Linked genes are genes that
assort independently
always contribute the same trait to the zygote
are found on the same chromosome.
segregate equally in the gametes during meiosis
37
Competitive inhibitors of enzymes work by
fitting into the active site.
altering the shape of the enzyme.
fitting into a site other than the active site.
changing the enzyme into an inactive form.
38
In a heterozygous individual, the allele being expressed is
recessive.
pleiotropic.
codominant.
dominant.
39
Different forms of a gene are called
alleles.
genotypes.
phenotypes.
traits
40
In the cell, the site of oxygen utilization is the
chloroplast.
mitochondrion.
nucleus.
cytosol.
41
Ribosomes are the structures in which
genetic information is used to make proteins.
cell division is controlled.
chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP.
new organelles are made.
42
The nitrogenous bases between two strands of the DNA double helix are held together by
weak van der Waals forces.
covalent and hydrogen bonds.
covalent bonds.
hydrogen bonds.
43
Chromatin consists of
RNA, DNA, and nonhistone proteins.
mostly RNA and DNA.
DNA only.
DNA and histones.
44
A protein that forms an ion channel through a membrane is most likely to be
a transmembrane protein.
a peripheral protein.
a phospholipid.
entirely outside the phospholipid bilayer.
45
Triglycerides are synthesized from ___and ___.
glycerol; amino acids
steroid precursors; starch
cholesterol; glycerol
fatty acids: glycerol
