stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
150 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
174 plays
A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
150 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
150
Answers
1
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
exposure to light
cultural practices
2
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
shaping
3
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
functionalism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
4
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
5
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
6
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
7
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
obsessions
delusions
hallucinations
8
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
9
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
oral
latency
anal
10
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
time of testing
cross-sectional
longitundinal
sequential
11
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
individualism
collectivism
attributionism
functionalism
12
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
13
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
14
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
stage 4
stage 2
REM
15
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
deindividuation
conformity
group polarization
16
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
tree-bird
car-nose
17
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
morphemes
18
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
hypnosis
consciousness
sensation
perception
19
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
serotonin
dopamine
endorphin
20
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
21
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
22
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
conversion disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
23
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
pathogens
prenatals
opiates
24
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
behavior
conscious experience
the unconscious
25
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
26
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
a just noticeable difference
27
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalocaudal trend
the cephalopedal trend
encephalitis
the proximodistal trend
28
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
tumor ligation
29
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
30
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
self-serving bias
stereotypes
prejudices
31
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
32
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
33
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
insight learning
34
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
35
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
conformity
obedience
groupthink
36
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
37
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
38
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
excessive guilt
social charm
manipulative behavior
aggressiveness
39
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
40
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
41
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
42
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
agonists
antagonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
43
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
sensory memory
44
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
insight
intelligence
creativity
45
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
46
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
47
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
insomnia
pseudoinsomnia
48
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
49
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
50
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
a phobia
an obsession
a compulsion
51
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the correlational group
the observational group
the experimental group
52
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
similiarity
symmetry
closure
53
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rat
loud noise
rabbit
54
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
55
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
limbic system
brainstem
reticular formation
56
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
57
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological stability
psychological instability
58
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
59
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
60
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
61
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
a personality test
62
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
63
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were put into a simulated prison
64
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the conscious
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
65
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
hypothalamus
medulla
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
66
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
mechanical
67
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a heuristic observation
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a contravened stereotype
68
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
69
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
salivation
food/meat powder
light
70
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
Wilhelm Wundt
71
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
percentiles
correlation coefficients
means
72
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
questionnaires
physiological recordings
psychological tests
73
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
alpha
beta
delta
74
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
75
Anhedonia is when a person...
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has trouble getting along with people
76
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
olfactory cilia
77
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
cognition
intelligence
introspection
mentalism
78
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
drive theory
incentive theory
instinct theory
79
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
location of injury
thalamus
cortex
spinal cord
80
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
temperament
personality
behavioral quality
81
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
strange situation
attachment probing
82
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
an amphetamine
a sedative
a hallucinogen
83
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
displacement
regression
fixation
84
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
85
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an internal attribution
a situational attribution
an external attribution
a distinctive attribution
86
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
87
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
ablated
encoded
modeled
88
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
script
semantic network
schema
89
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
90
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
sadness
fear
surprise
91
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
concrete
preconventional
postconventional
92
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
a self-report inventory
93
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
schematizing
94
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
95
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
96
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
the reciprocity norm
97
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
98
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
mescaline
cocaine
heroin
marijuana
99
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
100
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
101
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
102
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
platonic
mnemonic
morphemic
103
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
conflict
pressure
frustration
change
104
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
is reliable
105
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
display rules
investment differentiations
social scripts
106
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
content validity
predictive validity
standardized validity
107
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
108
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
109
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
110
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
print letters
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
111
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
semantic slanting
overextension
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
112
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
113
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
114
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
crystallized
episodic
fluid
115
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
memory
the endocrine system
116
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
117
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
cochlea
temporal lobe
oval window
118
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
personality
schizophrenic
anxiety
119
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender differences
120
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
iris
lens
cornea
vitreous humor
121
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
consistency
predictability
accuracy of inference
122
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
pineal gland
123
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
124
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
125
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
relearning
recognition
recall
126
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
decibels
timbre
loudness
127
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
unipolar
bipolar
cyclical
dissociative
128
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a percentile score
a potential score
IQ
mental age
129
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
complete storage failure
130
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
131
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
132
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
egocentrism
centration
reversibility
133
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
134
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
observational learning
135
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
thalamus
pituitary
gonads
136
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
sensory
intermediate-term
short-term
137
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
alcohol
narcotics
sedatives
138
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
color
light purity
brightness
139
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
content
construct
criterion-related
absolute
140
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
141
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
formal operations
142
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
abstract operations
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
143
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
144
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
been dreaming
not really been asleep
not been dreaming
145
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test scores
test norms
test scales
146
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
low in openness
147
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
mean
median
midpoint
148
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
perception
attention
processing
149
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
marital problems
150
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
behavioral
psychoanalytic
cognitive
humanistic
