Why are extraneous variable controlled

Iv can be better assumed to have had the effect on DV

The data has likely occurred by chance

What is internal validity

Extent to which design is methodologically sound (accurate)

What is Intra-rater reliability

how a rater is consistent of their ratings

Successive random sampling of groups or units

What is test-retest reliability

consistency of scores over time

how is interview used

May be face-to-face, telephone, internet

stratified random sample

Population is first divided into subgroups

what is a quasi-experimental design

lacks randomization or a control group

what is inter-rater reliability

how different raters perceive the same person

Researcher sets a quota for each subgroup

sampling interval to select from randomly ordered subjects

What is External Validity

extent to which design allows generalizability

deciding who from a population will be in a sample

What is a meta-analysis

combines existing data and performs some new analysis.

What are the 4 types of data

Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and ratio

What is a systemic review

a study that summarizes and evaluates the current research

how is Records review used

the primary source of data , or used with other methods

What is correlational research

relationship between 2 or more variables

what is inclusion and exclusion criteria

individuals must meet to be in research

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Research methods

93 termsStudBud Administration7 plays

test #2

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Questions 93

Answers

1
what type of date does spearman's test apply to?
ordinal
interval
ratio
nominal
2
what type of statistic Includes frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendency
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
3
Why are extraneous variable controlled
For fun
To limit constructs and sources of error
To prove that the third variable had an effect
Iv can be better assumed to have had the effect on DV
4
What type of table or chart is this?
histogram
frequency table
pie chart
bar graph
5
If P>.05 then...
the data is not likely to have occurred by chance
The data has likely occurred by chance
6
Which is used for nominal, nonparametric data
chi square
none of the above
ANOVA
T-test
7
What are Extraneous variables
a concept that can be assigned a value
Manipulated variable
Outcome variable
Any 3rd variable
8
What is internal validity
How well concepts have been defined
extent to which design allows for generalizability
Extent to which design is methodologically sound (accurate)
Proper use of statistics
9
What type of correlation is this?
negative correlation
positive correlation
no correlation
10
What kind of table or graph is this ?
Frequency table
histogram
Bar graph
pie chart
11
What is Intra-rater reliability
how consistent a machine is
how different raters perceive the same person
how a rater is consistent of their ratings
consistency of scores over time
12
cluster sampling
Successive random sampling of groups or units
sampling interval to select from randomly ordered subjects
Researcher sets a quota for each subgroup
Subjects are hand-selected based on particular attributes
13
Definition of longitudinal
A type of case study
Taken over a period in time
Taken from one point in time
data collection
14
What type of stats includes ttests, Ftests, and tests for r
descriptive
Inferential
15
What is test-retest reliability
an instrument getting the same measurement
consistency of scores over time
degree to which the rater is consistent in rating
how raters perceive the same person
16
how is interview used
watching of human subjects directly or through recording
the primary source of data , or used with other methods
May be face-to-face, telephone, internet
Written that can be distributed by mail or e-mail
17
stratified random sample
Informants provide names of others who meet study criteria
subjects are randomly drawn from strata in proportion
Population is first divided into subgroups
All in population have an equal probability of being sampled
18
what is a quasi-experimental design
dont have any third variable
lacks randomization or a control group
Doesn't have a dependent variable
Don't have a independent variable
19
What type of chart or table is this?
Line graph
Pie chart
bar graph
Box plot
20
what is inter-rater reliability
how consistent raters are with ratings
how different raters perceive the same person
Consistency of measurements from a machine
consistency of scores over time
21
what type of statistics is used to describe, organize, and summarize data.
descriptive statistics
Inferential statistics
22
what is the highest score minus lowest score
median
range
mean
Standard deviation
23
which is not a key element of basic experimental design
a Quasi independent variable
Researcher measures DV to look for the impact that IV had
Two groups, randomly assigned: experimental and control
Researcher manipulates IV in experimental group, not CG
24
quota sampling
Subjects are hand-selected based on particular attributes
Informants provide names of others who meet study criteria
Researcher sets a quota for each subgroup
Population is first divided into subgroups
25
What is survey research
often cross sectional
develop, validate, evaluate and produce standardized measure
to assess programs, policies, and practices
single subject; single case; multiple case; case series
26
is spearman or Pearson used with parametric data
Pearson
spearman
27
Systemic sampling
sampling interval to select from randomly ordered subjects
Subjects are hand-selected based on particular attributes
Used when you can’t identify individualsin a population
Population is first divided into subgroups
28
What is External Validity
extent to which design allows generalizability
how well concepts have been defined
extent to which design is methodologically sound
proper use of statistics
29
What is stronger, a double blind or single blind
neither
Double blind
Both
Single blind
30
Is ordinal discrete or continuous
discrete
Continuous
31
what type of statistics makes conclusions about the population from the sample findings.
descriptive stats
inferential stats
32
How are extraneous variable controlled
Control
randomization
Manipulation
Magic
33
what is sampling
trying as many donuts as possible
subset of the population that is used for research
deciding who from a population will be in a sample
the larger group to which study results are generalized
34
What is a meta-analysis
Used to investigate the impact of 2 or more IV on the DV
combines existing data and performs some new analysis.
summarizes and evaluates the existing research on a topic
Random assignment to 4 groups instead of 2
35
What are the 4 types of data
Nombre, ordinal, interval and ratio
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and ratio
Nominal, Oriole, interval, Ratio
Nominal, Ordinal, Interratio, and ratio
36
What is a systemic review
combines existing data and performs some new analysis
contain an IV that is changed in order to look for an effect
a study that summarizes and evaluates the current research
37
what is a normal distribution called
symmetrical data
asymmetrical data
38
how is Records review used
watching of human subjects directly or through recording
the primary source of data , or used with other methods
Written that can be distributed by mail or e-mail
May be face-to-face, telephone, internet
39
which is used for parametric data and compare the means of two groups
T-test
ANOVA
Chi square
40
what does it mean to have a representative sample?
All of the above
none of the above
able to generalize to the population more accurately
Higher of external validity
41
what type of survey question rating scale is this
semantic differential
Likert
rank order
multiple choice
42
What type of correlation is this?
negative correlation
positive correlation
no correlation
43
what type of table or chart is this?
histogram
Bar graph
pie chart
stacked bar graph
44
plays alone or plays with peers or mixed play. Which is the best option to present this data
a.Line graph
a.Histogram
a.Box and whisker plot
a.Frequency table
45
What is correlational research
develop, validate, evaluate and produce standardized measure
single subject; single case; multiple case; case series
to assess programs, policies, and practices
relationship between 2 or more variables
46
what is the most frequently occurring value
Standard deviation
median
mode
Mean
47
what is the square root of variance
median
Standard deviation
variance
mean
48
what is the point at which 50% of the score values are above and 50% below
median
Standard deviation
mode
Variance
49
what is inclusion and exclusion criteria
established after recruitment
usually in the design type section of article or manuscript
set by the subjects
individuals must meet to be in research
50
What is the Dependent variable
Outcome variable
May be called tx or experimental variable
Any third variable
The variable that could influence or cause the outcome
51
Is ratio Continuous or discrete
continuous
discrete
52
What level of evidence is a meta-analysis
5
4
1
3
53
What type of chart or table is this?
histgram
Pie chart
bar graph
exploded pie chart
54
Which does not effect rigor in quantitative research
Control
Manipulation
randomization
Extraneous variables
55
what is the calculated value representing the # of SD above or below the mean
mean
Standard deviation
z score
variance
56
Is nominal discrete or continuous
Discrete
continuous
57
Definition of cross sectional
Examine relationships between two variables
describe or characterize phenomena
Taken from a specific moment in time
Taken for a period of time
58
what is a technique used after a correlation coefficient has been established
Spearman
Chi-square
line regression
Pearson
59
Simple random sample
All in population have an equal probability of being sampled
availability for the study and willingness to participate
Successive random sampling of groups or units
sampling interval to select from randomly ordered subjects
60
What is Double blind
Scientist and subjects do not know which group they are in
Subjects do not know which group they are in
61
Snowball sampling
Subjects are hand-selected based on particular attributes
Successive random sampling of groups or units
Informants provide names of others who meet study criteria
all in population have equal chance
62
what type of survey question rating scale is this
Likert
multiple choice
semantic differential
rank order
63
what is the Arithmetic sum of scores in distribution divided by total number of scores
Variance
range
mean
Standard deviation
64
how is tests used
the primary source of data , or used with other methods
may be standardized(preferred) or non-standardized
physical or mechanical instruments to measure variables
Written that can be distributed by mail or e-mail
65
True or false; researchers use a population to make inferences of a sample
true
false
66
True or false; the two types of bias are respondent bias and researcher bias
True
False
67
is interval continuous or discrete
Continuous
Discrete
68
what type of survey question rating scale is this
multiple choice
rank order
semantic differential
Likert
69
Define an RCT
no pre-test before the intervention.
has random selection and random assignment. "gold standard"
Random assignment to 4 groups instead of 2
follow up observation
70
how is observation used
May be face-to-face, telephone, internet
watching of human subjects directly or through recording
the primary source of data , or used with other methods
Written that can be distributed by mail or e-mail
71
What quasi-experiment design do not have a control group.
Time-Series/ Repeated Measures
pre-test post-test (Quasi-experiment)
Cohort Designs
Factorial Designs
72
Which of the following compares the mean scores of three or more groups
t-test
Anova
Chi square
ANCOVA
73
Which isn't true about nonparametric data
normally distributed
Variables generate nominal or ordinal data
Sample is not representative
Often used in healthcare
74
What is single blind
Subjects do not know which group they have been assigned to
researcher and subjects don't know which group they are in
75
What level of evidence is a systemic review
2
3
5
4
76
What type of correlation is this?
no correlation
positive correlation
negative correlation
77
how is survey used
watching of human subjects directly or through recording
May be face-to-face, telephone, internet
Written that can be distributed by mail or e-mail
the primary source of data , or used with other methods
78
what type of data is this
symmetrical data
asymmetrical data
79
Define Single subject design
Subjects serve as own controls, IV is manipulated & measured
no manipulation of IVs
usually used to determine prevalence determine distribution
develop, validate, evaluate and produce standardized measure
80
what is a skewed distribution called
asymmetrical data
symmetrical data
81
What is reliability
Accuracy of the data
Accuracy of the outcome measures
Consistency of data across time, circumstances, evaluators
how study answers the question; the findings are accurate.
82
Which is not a reason Quasi-experimental design is used
use the same subjects to study the effect of the IV on DV
Studying naturally occurring real world situations.
When time or financial constraints are present.
Whenthere are ethical concerns with use of a control group
83
what type of data is this
symmetrical data
asymmetrical data
84
What type of chart or table is this?
bar graph
Line graph
Box plot
scatterplot
85
if P<.05 then...
null hypothesis is not rejected
null hypothesis is rejected
86
how is equipment used
Written that can be distributed by mail or e-mail
physical or mechanical instruments to measure variables
may be standardized(preferred) or non-standardized
the primary source of data , or used with other methods
87
convenience Sampling
All in population have an equal probability of being sampled
Informants provide names of others who meet study criteria
Successive random sampling of groups or units
availability for the study and willingness to participate
88
Purposive Sampling
Subjects are hand-selected based on particular attributes
Successive random sampling of groups or units
all in population have equal chance
Informants provide names of others who meet study criteria
89
Which isn't true about parametric data
Variables generate nominal or ordinal data
Sample is representative and normally distributed
Study groups are randomly assigned
Variables generate interval or ratio data
90
what type of survey question rating scale is this
rank order
semantic differential
multiple choice
Likert
91
What is an independant variable
any 3rd variable
The outcome variable
Manipulated variable
A concept or construct that can be assigned a value
92
What type of chart or table is this?
scatterplot
bar graph
Box plot
Line graph
93
students who are willing are then placed into either a group. what sampling technique?
convenience sampling
Simple random sample
Purposive sampling
Probability sampling

Research methods Flashcards | StudBud