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Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Test Review
Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Test Review
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1
What is the minimum # of seismic stations needed to determine the earthquake's epicenter
3
7
1
2
2
Continental Volcanic Arcs are associated with what type of plate boundary?
Convergent oceanic-oceanic
Convergent oceanic-continental
Transform
convergent continental-continental
3
Major earthquakes are sometime preceded by smaller earthquakes called
focus shocks
aftershocks
surface waves
foreshocks
4
The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called
Mesosaurus.
Panthalassa.
Africa.
Pangaea.
5
How much more strength does a 5.4 magnitude earthquake have than a 4.4 magnitude
two times
one hundred times
ten times
twenty times
6
A fault is
another name for an earthquake
a place on Earth where earthquakes cannot occur.
a fracture in the Earth where movement has occurred.
a places where structures move during an earthquake.
7
The continental crust has the average composition of
basalt
gneiss
limestone
granite
8
Earthquakes can turn stable soil into a fluid through a process called
fault creep.
liquefaction.
tidal effect/
underwater landslide.
9
Which seismic waves travel most rapidly?
S Waves
P Waves
Surface Waves
Tsunamis
10
What layers of Earth make up the lithosphere?
continental crust and oceanic crust.
the crust and lower mantle
the crust and upper mantle
upper and lower mantle
11
Tsunamis are
waves that cannot cause damage on land.
also known as tidal waves.
often generated by movements of the ocean floor.
waves that are produced by tidal forces.
12
The distance between seismic station and the earthquake's epicenter is determined from the
amplitude of the surface wave.
arrival times of P and S waves.
calculation of the earthquake magnitude.
intensity of the earthquake.
13
What plate boundary occurs when two plates grind past each other without destroying lithosphere
divergent
transform
convergent
transitional
14
Wegner's continental drift hypothesis stated that all continents once joined together to form
one major supercontinent.
two major supercontinents and three smaller continents.
two major supercontinents.
three major supercontinents
15
Earth's inner core is solid because of
extreme temperatures.
immense pressure.
its great diameter.
the composition of its rock.
16
What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together?
divergent
transitional
convergent
transform
17
What forms when one oceanic plate is forces beneath another plate?
an ocean ridge
a subduction zone
a rift valley
an ocean basin
18
An example of a divergent plate boundary on continental lithosphere would be
the East Pacific Rise.
the Andes Mountains.
the East African Rift Valley
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
19
Volcanic island arcs are associated with what type of plate boundary?
Convergent continental-continental
Covergent oceanic-continental
Covergent oceanic-oceanic
Divergent
20
The San Fancisco earthquake of 1906 occured along what fault?
The California Fault
The San Andreas Fault
The San Francisco Fault
The Pacific Fault
21
Which of the following results when divergence occurs between two oceanic plates?
a subduction zone
an ocean trench
a volcanic island arc
seafloor spreading
22
New ocean crust is formed at
convergent boundaries.
transform fault boundaries.
continental volcanic arcs.
divergent boundaries
23
Which of the following is an example of a transform fault boundary?
the East African Rift Valley
the Andes Mountains
the San Andreas Fault
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
24
When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from the
focus
fault
seismic center
epicenter.
25
The hypothesis that explains the release of energy during an earthquake is called the
vibration hypothesis
elastic rebound hypothesis
Richter hypothesis
moment magnitude hypothesis
26
Overall, whcih seismic waves are the most destructive?
S Waves
Compression Waves
P Waves
Surface Waves
27
A divergent boundary at two continental plates can result in a
subduction zone.
rift valley.
volcanic island arc.
continental volcanic arc.
28
The lithosphereic plates move on average of
5 cm per year.
50 inches per year.
50 cm per year.
10 inches per year.
29
How does the age of the seafloor sediment change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge?
Age varies without a pattern.
Age decrease.
Age increases.
Age stays the same.
30
The scale most widely used by scientists for measuring earthquakes is the
epicenter magnitude scale.
Richter scale
seismic scale
moment magnitude scale
31
Earth's core is made of an alloy of
iron and nickel.
iron and zinc.
copper and iron.
zinc and magnesium.
32
What was the main reason Wegner's hypothesis was rejected?
He was not liked by other scientists
He couldn't provide a mechanism for plate movement
His evidence was incorrect
None of the above
33
Most of the information about Earth's interior was obtained by studying
seismic waves
meteorites
rocks of the ocean crust
rocks in deep wells
34
An earthquake's epicenter is
the spot below the focus.
any spot along the nearest fault
the place on the surface directly above the focus.
a spot halfway between the focus and the surface.
35
The Moho is
the boundary between the outer and inner core.
the material of which the mantle is composed.
boundary between the crust and mantle.
an area of the mantle that will not transmit seismic waves.
36
Through which Earth layer are S waves
NOT
transmitted?
outer core
continental crust
mantle
ocean crust
37
Deep ocean trenches are associated with
transform fault boundaries.
subduction zones.
rift zones.
ocean ridge systems.
38
Which seismic waves compress and expand the rocks in the direction they travel
S Waves
P Waves
Surface Waves
Transverse Waves
39
Magnetic reversals
provide strong evidence for seafloor spreading
have never occurred during geologic time
confirmed the existence of subduction zones.
cause the movements of tectonic plates
40
Earth's thin, rocky outer layer is its
core.
outer core.
mantle.
crust.
41
What instrument records seismic waves?
barometer
seismogram
seismograph
Richter scale
42
Which of the following was NOT used in support of the continental drift hypothesis?
fossil evidence
ancient climate
fit of South America and Africa
compositon of meteorites
43
The Himalayas are an example of what type of plate boundary?
transform
divergent
convergent oceanic-continental
convergent continental-continental
