A scientific model __________.

is a workable explanation of what the scientist thinks is happening

Earthquakes are most common __________.

along the edges of tectonic plates

Which of the following regions would you expect to have the greatest relief?

a region having mountains and valleys

One quake measures 6.0 and another measures 7.0. How does the second quake's intensity compare with that of the first?

It is about 32 times as intense.

What would happen if the earth orbited the sun beyond the habitability zone?

Too little sunlight would reach the earth, stunting plant growth., Most water on the earth's surface would freeze over., Carbon dioxide clouds would form.

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Earth Science Midterm Review 2023

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1
Your mass would be less on the moon than it is on the earth.
False
True
2
Sediment deposition seems to have been fairly constant through history.
True
False
3
A scientific model __________.
has to be a physically constructed item
is a workable explanation of what the scientist thinks is happening
is something a scientist makes in his spare time
always gives the right answer to a scientific question
4
_____ sounds are caused by vibrations that are too slow for the human ear to detect.
heptasonic
ultrasonic
diasonic
infrasonic
5
What are negatively-charged subatomic particles found in a “cloud” around the nucleus of an atom?
neutrons
positrons
protons
electrons
6
Compared with the temperature of the photosphere, the temperature of the corona is
lower
higher
equal
much higher
7
Which of these are field forces?
magnetism
friction
gravity
compression
shear
tension
8
Earthquakes are most common __________.
along the edges of tectonic plates
in river valleys
at the North and South Poles
in the center of continental plates
9
The Modified Mercalli Intensity scale measures earthquake __________.
magnitude
wave speed
damage
wave duration
10
Mountain landforms that are made of anticlines and synclines are
fault-block mountains
depositional mountains
fold mountains
basins
11
Elevation is the height of a mountain's peak above __________.
its base.
mean sea level.
the deepest ocean trench.
the region's relief.
12
What did God make on day 3 of creation?
dry land & plants
air & water
sun, moon, & stars
light & dark (day & night)
flying & sea creatures
land animals & humans
13
The solar wind is composed mostly of
protons and electrons.
neutrons.
muons.
neutrinos.
14
The force exerted by a rock climber on a rope as he is rappelling down into a cave is __________.
magnetism
compression
tension
shear
15
The property of a material that allows it to change shape without breaking under stress is __________.
strength
ductility
density
hardness
16
If a substance has a fixed (unchanging) volume and has a definite shape, it is in the _____ state.
Gas
Liquid
Plasma
Solid
17
All forces act in pairs.
False
True
18
An astronomical unit (AU) is defined as the distance between
the earth and the sun.
the earth and the moon.
the sun and Mercury.
the sun and the moon.
19
Boiling is a form of __________.
condensation
deposition
sublimation
vaporization
20
What is the term for an atom that has an electrical charge (protons do not equal electrons)?
helion
proton
ion
neutron
21
Which of the following regions would you expect to have the greatest relief?
a region having mountains and valleys
a region having small hills and valleys
a region having only plains
a region including only the top of a plateau
22
What did God make on day 6 of creation?
light & dark (day & night)
dry land & plants
air & water
flying & sea creatures
sun, moon, & stars
land animals & humans
23
An object's weight results from __________.
gravity
its mass
both gravity and its mass
neither gravity nor mass
24
Scientists now have the technology to predict earthquakes and warn people days in advance.
False
True
25
What did God make on day 4 of creation?
light & dark (day & night)
land animals & humans
dry land & plants
sun, moon, & stars
air & water
flying & sea creatures
26
The sediments carried by glaciers are called
drumlins
moraines
eskers
till
27
What phase is this?
Waxing Gibbous
Waxing Cresent
Waning Cresent
Waning Gibous
28
What letter makes up most of Earth's volume?
C
F
E
A
29
A mudslide caused by a volcano is called a __________.
pyroclastic flow
lahar
pahoehoe
laccolith
30
What is a positively-charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom?
neutron
electron
quark
proton
31
What is the term for the specific beliefs that make up one's worldview?
theories
theorems
presuppositions
models
32
An ocean wave caused by an earthquake is called a(n) __________.
L wave
tidal wave
tsunami
breaker
33
A planet moves faster when it is at its perihelion than when it is at its aphelion.
True
False
34
An instrument that both detects and records earth waves is a __________.
seismotracker
telescope
seismograph
seismometer
35
The earth's crust is made up of large divisions known as __________.
tectonic plates
cores
continents
geoshields
36
Our seasons are most directly caused by __________.
the earth's atmosphere
the earth's rotation
the earth's gravity
the earth's tilt
37
One quake measures 6.0 and another measures 7.0. How does the second quake's intensity compare with that of the first?
It is one damage level higher
It is 10 times as intense
It is about 32 times as intense.
It is slightly more intense
38
An instrument that simply measures earth waves is a __________.
seismograph
seismometer
seismotracker
seismoscope
39
Subduction would most likely be occurring at a _____ boundary.
convergent
divergent
normal
transform
40
What letter has both a solid portion and a liquid portion?
A
E
F
C
41
What would happen if the earth orbited the sun beyond the habitability zone?
Too little sunlight would reach the earth, stunting plant growth.
Most water on the earth's surface would freeze over.
Humans would evolve into reptiles
Carbon dioxide clouds would form.
42
How many times does the moon rotate during one revolution around the earth?
1
29.5
2
27.3
43
Secondary, smaller earthquakes that result from a major earthquake are called __________.
strike slips
aftershocks
epicenters
dip slips
44
Which of the following processes is believed to occur at mid-ocean ridges?
subsidence
trench formation
sea-floor spreading
plate subduction
45
_____ sounds are caused by vibrations that are too fast for the human ear to detect.
ultrasonic
magnesonic
infrasonic
octasonic
46
How does the moon's surface gravity compare with Earth’s?
It is one-half of Earth’s.
It is five times as much as Earth’s.
It is twice as much as Earth’s.
It is one-sixth of Earth’s.
47
The asteroid "belt" lies between
Jupiter and Saturn
Saturn and Pluto
Mars and Jupiter
Earth and Mars
48
Which force is responsible for the grinding and wearing away of rock as a glacier moves over it?
compression
shear
tension
friction
49
What are neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom?
protons
neutrons
positrons
electrons
50
The horizontal direction of a fault is its __________.
dip
stress
strike
slip
51
The moon has nearly perfect spherical shape likely because
it is small relative to Earth
it rotates very slowly
it's magnetic field pulls its equator inward
it revolves very slowly
52
Where is the Creation Mandate found in the Bible?
Genesis 1:28
Matthew 22:39
Genesis 1:1
John 3:16
53
What did God make on day 2 of creation?
sun, moon, & stars
land animals & humans
dry land & plants
light & dark (day & night)
air & water
flying & sea creatures
54
A substance's state of matter is most directly affected by its __________.
field forces
temperature
electrical charge
atomic number
55
What letter represents the Mohorovičić discontinuity?
F
E
A
B
56
Which of these pairs of terms applies to the planet mars
inferior and terrestrial
superior and Jovian
inferior and jovian
superior and terrestrial
57
In what part of the sun are thermonuclear reactions believed to occur?
photosphere
core
radiative zone
chromosphere
58
Rift valleys form in structures called
grabens
basins
synclines
glaciated zones
59
The ability of wind and water to transport sediment is most directly related to
their direction
their depth or height
their speed
their composition
60
The point in the moon’s orbit when it is closest to the earth is called its
apogee
perogee
filigree
pedigree
61
For a model to be useful, it must be _____________.
true
neither workable nor true
workable
both workable and true
62
The viscosity of lava depends mainly on its __________.
silica content
density
carbon content
gas content
63
In which state of matter do the particles possess the most energy?
liquid
plasma
gas
solid
64
The apparent path that the sun follows through the stars as seen from Earth's perspective is called
the libration
the synodic line
the ecliptic
the apogee
65
Which of these would be an example of historical science?
creating a map that shows ocean currents
launching a weather balloon to measure atmospheric conditions
predicting the number of hurricanes that might occur next year
using pictures from space to attempt to determine how planets were formed
66
Most earthquakes are too gentle for people to feel.
False
True
67
Name this Moon phase.
Third Quarter
Full Moon
First Quarter
New Moon
68
The first law of thermodynamics states that __________.
energy in the universe is both coming into and going out of existence
energy in the universe is continually coming into existence
energy in the universe is continually going out of existence
total energy in the universe is constant
69
Hypotheses and laws are examples of __________.
data
models
presuppositions
theories
70
The earth's crust is __________.
thicker under oceans than under the continents
about the same thickness no matter where you measure it
constantly changing in thickness over time
thinner under oceans than under the continents
71
Which earthquake magnitude scale do geologists use to make reports to the public?
Linear Scale
Intensity Scale
MMI Scale
Richter Scale
72
Name the phase of the moon.
Waxing Crescent
Waxing Gibbous
waning Gibbous
Full Moon
73
Mountain landforms that result mainly from forces within the crust are classified as
depositional mountains
tectonic mountains
monadnocks
erosional mountains
74
What did God make on day 5 of creation?
light & dark (day & night)
sun, moon, & stars
air & water
land animals & humans
dry land & plants
flying & sea creatures
75
__________ is the balance of the weight of the earth's crust against the upward push of the mantle.
orogeny
tectonics
isostasy
topography
76
Which planet has the largest volcano in the solar system?
Mercury
Earth
Venus
Mars
77
The smallest particle that makes up an element and is capable of chemical interactions is a(an) __________.
compound
proton
molecule
atom
78
Which of these would be considered a fluid?
liquid mercury
bones
ocean water
nitrogen gas in a tank
the atmosphere
a bar of pure gold
79
Creationary and evolutionary scientists often __________.
interpret the same data very differently because of their worldviews
use different types of instruments to make their observations
respect each other professionally as scientists
produce radically different data
80
Most light energy is invisible to us.
False
True
81
A total solar eclipse is usually shorter than a total lunar eclipse.
True
False
82
During the first half of the lunar month the moon is said to be
new
waning
gibbous
waxing
83
Which of these is a biological natural resource?
soil
sunlight
shrimp
seawater
84
Tectonic mountains can form not only at convergent zones but also at divergent zones
False
True
85
Which of these can cause earthquakes?
a landslide
eruption of a volcano
explosions at a rock quarry
slipping of a fault
86
The point in the moon’s orbit when it is farthest from the earth is called its
apogee
pedigree
filigree
perogee
87
A layer of loose pyroclastic materials and ash covering the ground is called __________.
travertine
cinders
tephra
ash
88
The Moho is found at the __________.
center of the earth
bottom of the mantle
bottom of the lithosphere
bottom of the crust
89
The planet that is brighter than all other planets is
Venus
Uranus
Mercury
Jupiter
90
Which of these terms is defined as the flow of thermal energy from a hot place to a cooler place?
radiation
work
heat
vaporization
91
The depression found at the top of most volcanic cones is called a __________.
crater
lahar
cone
vent
92
Topography refers to
the kinds of colors used on a landform map
a line of elevation on a map
the balance of forces between the crust and the mantle
the differences of land elevations in a region
93
What is a pure substance consisting of only one kind of atom?
element
suspension
ionic compound
solution
94
Which part of the IAU definition of a planet did Pluto and the other dwarf planets not satisfy?
They have enough mass to clear their orbits of other similar objects.
They satisfy none of the characteristics of a planet.
They are spherical in shape.
They orbit the sun.
95
Which of these terms can be used to describe a type of light energy?
boiling
thermal
ultrasonic
thermodynamic
ultraviolet
infrared
96
A volcano is made of igneous rocks.
False
True
97
How do geologists collect data to model the earth's interior?
by x-rays
by radar
from earthquake waves
by sonar
98
The sun's surface exists in what state of matter?
liquid
gas
plasma
solid
99
What did God make on day 1 of creation?
dry land & plants
flying & sea creatures
air & water
sun, moon, & stars
light & dark (day & night)
land animals & humans
100
The magnetic field of Uranus doesn't pass through its center as earth does
True
False

Earth Science Midterm Review 2023 Flashcards | StudBud