stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
147 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
155 plays
#appsychology #Iknowyouareready #showthemwhata5lookslike
Flashcards
147 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
147
Answers
1
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
2
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
3
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
4
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
humanist
trait
psychoanalyst
5
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
6
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
7
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
8
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
presence of dissentor
presence of an authority figure
9
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
10
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
rods
cones
cornea
11
Ryan suffers from constant worry for no particular reason. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
12
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
cognitive
13
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
stereotyping
14
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
behavioral
situational
social
15
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
16
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
blind spot
fovea
retina
17
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
social facilitation
deindividuation
group polarization
18
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
naturalistic observation
case study
experiment
19
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
cognitive
20
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
standardization
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
21
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
22
Someone who gets fustrated when they can't form accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Gage's area
23
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
structuralist
behavioral
pharmacological
24
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
25
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
26
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
displacement
sublimation
projection
27
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
systematic desensitization
REBT
28
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
29
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
30
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
content validity
predictive validity
split-half reliability
31
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
attachment
32
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
33
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely effect which sense
hearing
sight
touch
balance
34
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
35
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
36
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
37
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
38
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
EQ test
IQ test
achievement test
39
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
40
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
semantic encoding
41
A person who experiences flashbacks after a being attacked by a pit bull is likely to have
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
42
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
43
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
44
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
cognitive
behavioral
45
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
counterbalancing
double blind study
Hawthorne effect
46
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
a strong superego
47
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
environment
family
culture
48
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
morpheme
49
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
random assignment
50
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
51
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
52
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
53
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
partial
secondary
primary
54
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
55
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
56
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
hindsight bias
overconfidence
self-serving bias
57
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
modeling
58
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
in-group bias
59
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
60
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
61
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
62
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
63
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
64
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
delta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
65
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
66
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
67
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
adrenaline
acetylcholine
serotonin
68
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
69
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to what age
toddler
infant
pre-schooler
elementary school age
70
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
71
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
archetypes
repressed memories
72
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
73
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
law of effect
token economy
higher-order conditioning
74
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
75
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
external
situational
internal
76
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
77
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
78
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
79
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
80
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
cerebellum
amygdala
hypothalamus
81
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
82
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
83
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
84
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
stepping
Moro
rooting
85
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
86
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
87
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
88
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
89
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
assimilation
habituation
discrimination
90
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
difference threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
91
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
parenting style
motor development
attachment
92
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
93
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
medulla
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
94
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
mean
median
95
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
96
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
97
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
98
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
99
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
say a sentence
cut with a knife
clap their hands
100
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
101
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
projective
triarchic
standardized
102
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
closure
retinal disparity
convergence
103
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
episodic memory
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
104
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
105
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
modeling
106
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
PET
EEG
rTMS
107
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
108
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
109
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
110
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
111
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
112
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
113
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
114
Garcia's research on aversions established when UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
115
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
116
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
variable interval
fixed ratio
fixed variable
117
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
118
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
119
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
central route persuasion
120
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : decrease
remove : increase
121
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
122
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
123
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
124
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
125
This enables greater transmission speed of neural impulses from one node to the next
synaptic cleft
myelin
terminal button
neurotransmiters
126
breaks in a conscious personality is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
schizophrenic
anixety
dissociative
127
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
128
Her research focused on wording and the misinformation effects on memory
Mary Ainsworth
Elizabeth Loftus
Mary Whiton Calkins
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
129
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
outliers
variances
normally distributed
130
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
median
mean
standard deviation
131
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
50
95
68
132
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
133
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
134
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
135
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
136
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
neuroticism
conscientiousness
openness
137
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
framing effects
inattentional blindness
138
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
daily activities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
139
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
140
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
141
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
social psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
142
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
activation-synthesis
dissociation
antagonists
143
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
144
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
145
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
146
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
social roles
disinhibition
conformity
147
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy