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Earth Space Final Exam
Earth Space Final Exam
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1
The Milankovitch Cycles...
are the cause of tides in Earth's oceans.
change the seasonality and location of solar radiation reaching Earth.
alter the total amount of solar radiation reaching Earth.
alter the amount of solar radiation the sun produces in cyclical patterns.
2
Which fossil in the diagram below would be useful as an index fossil?
A
C
D
B
3
The total amount of energy in the universe can change.
False
True
4
Astronomers have learned what stars are made of by...
by analyzing the color of stars.
sending probes into stars.
by analyzing the light spectra from stars.
by comparing the absolute and apparent magnitude of stars.
5
Which of the following does not affect the absolute humidity in an area?
where the prevailing wind originate
air temperature
longitude
the amount of lakes, rivers, and oceans in the area
6
A strike slip fault locked up under stress is an example of which type of energy?
Kinetic - Motion
Potential - Mechanical
Potential - Nuclear
Potential - Gravitational
7
Radioactive dating is useful in determining...
the half-life of radioactive elements.
the relative age of rocks.
the absolute age of rocks and fossils.
the absolute age of sedimentary rock layers.
8
Which of the following correctly describes the Big Bang Theory?
The origin of the singularity is understood.
The singularity appeared in existing space and expanded to fill it.
It was a rapid expansion similar to a balloon being rapidly inflated.
It was an explosion, similar to an atomic bomb.
9
The _______ proposes that all the matter and energy in the universe was once compressed into a small dense point.
Universal Compression Theory
Big Bang Theory
Solar Nebular Theory
Hertzsprung - Russell Theory
10
Which of the following is not evidence to support the Solar Nebula Theory?
All planets orbit in the same direction and in the same plane.
The terrestrial planets are more dense and closer to the sun.
The Jovian planets are less dense and further from the sun.
The solar system is still expanding today.
11
Storms and weather disturbances are usually associated with...
Areas of high pressure
Extreme temperature differences between air masses.
Warm, often humid air rising due to convection, mountains, or fronts.
Proximity to oceans.
12
Life span, color, brightness, and the temperature of stars, as well as the elements they can synthesize depends on...
the absolute magnitude of the star.
the mass of the star.
the density of the star.
the type of fuel that fuels the star.
13
Tides occur in Earth's oceans because...
the massive gravity of the Jovian planets.
of the gravitational pull of the moon and sun.
because of cyclical changes in the alignment of Earth with other planets.
of the Milankovitch cycles.
14
Which layer of Earth is divided into tectonic plates?
lithosphere
mesosphere
asthenosphere
core
15
The elements heavier than iron are created...
in the core of large mass main sequence stars.
when dying stars become red giants.
in gamma ray bursts as matter is drawn into a black hole.
in supernova explosions.
16
Which of the following is
not
a cause of long-term climate change on Earth?
Continental Drift
The Milankovtich Cycles
Changes in the sun's energy ouput
Variations in the moon's orbit around Earth.
17
The two main factors that determine climate are _______ and _______.
cyclones and anticyclones
temperature and precipitation
latitude and longitude
air pressure and altitude
18
Most earthquakes occur along or near the edges of Earth's...
rivers.
oceans.
continents.
tectonic plates.
19
Which of the following is
not
evidence for Continental Drift?
The existence of surface and deep currents in the oceans.
The matching of mountain ranges on different continents.
The close fit of continental coastlines.
Fossils of identical organisms on multiple continents.
20
Most of the heating of the troposphere is caused by _______, when warm air near the ground rises.
conduction
thermal distribution
convection
radiation
21
The sun heats Earth by which type of energy transfer?
Electrical
Mechanical
Electromagnetic radiation
Conduction
22
Earth has seasons because...
its distance from the sun varies throughout its orbit.
because it is round.
cyclical variations in the amount of radiation the sun emits.
its axis is tilted.
23
Which of the following correctly lists the units of geological time from longest to shortest?
epoch, period, era.
period, era, epoch.
era, period, epoch.
era, epoch, period.
24
Warm, humid air blows up a mountain slope. Which of the following will most likely occur?
Clouds will form and precipitation may fall.
Tornadoes
A cold front will form.
The air will dry out and become warmer.
25
If the electromagnetic radiation travelling from a galaxy to Earth is red-shifted, that means...
the galaxy is moving toward Earth.
the galaxy is more than ten light years from Earth.
the galaxy is moving away from Earth.
the galaxy is motionless relative to Earth.
26
When Earth's axial tilt is more extreme...
seasonal changes will be less extreme.
seasonal changes will be more extreme.
the equator receives more solar radiation.
seasonal changes will not be affected.
27
Earth is thought to be about _______ years old.
6.4 billion
4.6 billion
14 billion
4.6 million
28
All wind is caused by...
The rotation of Earth
Monstrous eagles flapping their wings
difference in air pressure
Taco Tuesday
29
Which of the following best describes the relationships between Continental Drift and Sea Floor Spreading?
Continental drift causes sea floor spreading.
They are not related.
Sea floor spreading causes continental drift.
30
_______ are formed when spinning, collapsing nebulae become hot enough for nuclear fusion to begin.
Galaxies
Stars
Supernovas
Black holes
31
A fish swimming in a river is an interaction of which two spheres?
Hydrosphere/Atmosphere
Lithosphere/Biosphere
Biosphere/atmosphere
Biosphere/Hydrosphere
32
_______ made observations of the moons of Jupiter, phases of Venus, and sunspots that refuted the geocentric model.
Newton
Copernicus
Ptolemy
Galileo
33
Which of the following could explain why a region on or very near the equator could have a cool or cold climate?
It is located by a large body of water such as an ocean.
The prevailing winds blow from arctic regions.
The region is near cold surface ocean currents.
It is very high in elevation.
34
Folded mountains, subduction zones, trenches, volcanoes, and Earthquakes are associated with...
transform plate boundaries.
divergent plate boudaries.
convergent plate boundaries.
35
Magma intrusions turning underground rock into metamorphic rock is an example of which type of energy transfer?
Conduction
Electrical
Mechanical
Electromagnetic
36
The heavy elements beryllium to iron are created in medium and massive stars by the process of...
nuclear fusion.
nuclear fission
photon production.
Spectral emission
37
When two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, the boundary between them is called a _______.
subduction zone
divergent boundary
transform boundary
convergent boundary
38
The Northern Hemisphere will experience summer when Earth's axis is...
pointed neither toward or away from the sun.
pointed away from the sun.
pointed toward Vega rather than Polaris.
pointed toward the sun.
39
The fossil record indicates that life on Earth...
has maintained a consistent level of complexity.
has become less complex.
has become more complex.
40
Earth becoming molten early in its history resulted in Earth becoming _______.
layered
round
very hot and molten at the core
more dense on the surface than toward the core
41
Most fossils form when...
the remains or living things are trapped in tar, amber, or ice.
the remains of living things are trapped in lava which cools and hardens.
living things die and are buried in sediments that harden into rock.
magma intrudes into sedimentary rock hardening remains of living things.
42
Which of the following does
not
describe the terrestrial planets?
Smaller
Orbit further from the sun.
Rocky
More dense
43
The Solar Nebula Theory states that our solar system...
formed from a rotating, collapsing nebula.
formed when the gravity of the sun combined asteroids to form planets.
expanded from a small, hot, dense point in a rotating motion.
44
A _______ occurs during the _______ moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun.
lunar eclipse, full
solar eclipse, new
lunar eclipse, new
solar eclipse, full
45
Which of the following theories explains the large scale motions of Earth's plates, and is the most modern?
Continental Drift
Magnetic Reversal
Plate Tectonics
Sea Floor Spreading
46
Which of the following is
not
evidence to support the Big Bang Theory?
All planets orbit in the same direction in the same plane.
The abundance of hydrogen and helium in the universe.
The discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.
Most galaxies light spectra is red shifted.
47
What effect does being near an ocean have on a region's climate?
more extreme temperature differences
more extreme seasonal changes
lower amounts of precipitation
less extreme temperature differences between day/night and seasons
48
Index fossils are useful in determining...
how species evolved.
the relative age of rocks.
past climates.
the absolute age of rocks.
49
Sea Floor Spreading is associated with which type of plate boundary?
transform.
convergent
divergent
50
Kepler's 2nd Law of Planetary Motion states that...
a planet will move faster when it is closer to the sun.
planets will maintain a constant speed regardless of distance from the sun.
a planet will move slower when it is closer to the sun.
a planet will move faster when its axial tilt is less extreme.
