Chapter 15 notes

Was a formal document signed by citizens requesting lawmakers to take action on certain issue.

19th century enlightenment thinker, known as “the father of liberalism”

German woman who advocated for Marxism and women’s rights.

Any action is right that promotes happiness or well being for all those affected. 

Italian Politician, who advocated for the reunification of Italy.

A working class movement that campaigned for voting rights for all men regardless of wealth or property.

 Irish Politician, supported catholic emancipation and freedom of religion in Ireland. 

The working class

The idea a person can see how acting for the good of society also benefits himself or herself. 

Charities

French Monarchist and strong supporter of the belief of societal collapse without strong central authority.

When social reformers tried to address the inequalities between workers and factory owners.

Moral source from which natural law seeks to derive its authority.

 Everyone was entitled to seek happiness as long as he or she did no harm to others.

Austrian Statesman and diplomat, advocated for the balance of power in Europe.

Welsh Social Reformer, founding father of Utopian Socialism, greatly improved working conditions for his workers.

Attempted to modernize russian and abolished serfdom, his efforts brought slow, but real change.

Belief that history followed absolute laws, just as physics or chemistry did.

19th century English philosopher and Social Reformer 

An awareness of their place in the socioeconomic structure and a recognition that they all shared a similar plight.

French Biologist who invented the technique of pasteurization.

Polish Marxist and Anti-war activist, was murdered by a mob.

A movement of people who believed that governments were most stable when on old sources of power such as the monarchy.

A government in which a monarch agrees to share power with a parliament and abide by a constitution

 Refers to all activities relating to government, including the rivalries among those who vie power.

French writer and socialist, contributed to early feminism

English Feminist and Social Reformer, advocated for Women’s right to vote.

The middle class

System in which all property used to produce goods would be owned collectively, and all classes would disappear

Austo-Hungarian Jewish writer, considered the founding father of Zionism.

The political philosophy that the rights of the individual should be above all and the government limited.

English Social Reformer, helped campaign for reforms that greatly improved living standards for the poor in cities.

Small societies governed by the principles of utopian socialism.

 The ways people gather raw materials and manufacturing goods are owned or controlled by society.

 French syndicalist, believed that the workers revolution would be carried out with a massive general strike.

Allowing everyone to vote, regardless of wealth, class, ETC.