What are the key points of the economic policy called "import substitution?"

increasing tariffs/quotas on imported goods so internal goods = competitive

The idea of microcredit is to provide

small loans to low-income individuals to help economic self-sufficience

What was the result of the 2018 elections in Mexico, and why was it surprising?

new party won majority of votes for president & majority of seats in leg.

The borders of most developing countries were drawn based on

decisions made by colonial & imperial powers that reflected their own needs

Which of the following statements about India’s House of the People (Lok Sabha) is accurate?

is the stronger of the 2 leg. houses, similar powers to British parliament

BJPs's main policy that strengthens democracy is ______ ; BJPs's main policy that weakens democracy is _____.

investigating government corruption; advancing Hindu rights but not others

Which of the following statements about the development of India’s economy is accurate?

the license raj has only acquired more red tape recently, needs reform, Shifted from import subst. to export-oriented in 80s, grew rapidly after

What was an advantage that India did NOT have in making the transition from colonial rule to independence and democracy?

a homogenous society with a high degree of economic equality

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the state of political and religious culture in Iran?

many support both democracy and keeping religion an important part of life

Critics of globalization speak of the problem of a “democratic deficit,” meaning...

power of citizens to elect their own governments is weakened, shift towards IGOs will reduce public representation and influence

What has been the main pattern of presidential election results in Iran over the past 30 years?

increasingly reformist presidents, reformist candidates winning, then conservative, then more reformist winner

What was unusual about Mexico’s 1917 constitution?

based on US constitution but had socialist elements

How did the 1979 revolution in Iran develop?

shah = exiled by own govt, purely islamic state created by that same govt

What main events in the 1980s-90s made elections more democratic in Mexico, breaking the PRI party's grip on power?

a split created two nearly-equal new parties, giving voters a real choice

Political globalization, through expanded international agreements and more effective IGOs, is likely to lead to...

weakening both state autonomy and capacity

Which of these are directly elected by the Iranian voters?

the president and the Assembly of Experts

What has been the most controversial set of policy positions of India's current ruling party (BJP) and its leader Modi?

has favored Hindus and not acted to protect other religious groups

Mexican presidents and members of the Senate are elected for

one 6-year term for the president, max of two 6 year terms for senators

What were the main factors that reduced the autonomy of many new states soon after they achieved independence?

maintaining ties to former colonial/imperial ruling countries

The main strategies used by the PRI to maintain its decades-long hold on power were

patron-client relationships, corporatism, and electoral fraud

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Final Exam

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Questions 24

Answers

1
Who decides which candidates are permitted to run for election to president and parliament (Majlis)?
the Guardian Council
the Revolutionary Guards (IRGC)
the Supreme Leader
no one (all parties can put candidates on the ballot without permission)
2
What are the key points of the economic policy called "import substitution?"
all of the above
importing lots of goods that the state can tax to fund infrastructure
import goods from wealthy countries, build up debt, then increase inflation
increasing tariffs/quotas on imported goods so internal goods = competitive
3
The idea of microcredit is to provide
small loans to low-income individuals to help economic self-sufficience
low-interest loans for major industrial projects such as dams
economic stabilization by trading a national currency with US dollars
loans to gvts of low-income countries to help them pay for basic services
4
What was the result of the 2018 elections in Mexico, and why was it surprising?
new party won majority of votes for president & majority of seats in leg.
formerly authoritarian PRI reformed itself, eliminated corruption, won
no presidential candidates won a majority, so congress decided election
progressive PRD won presidency for the first time b/c cartels
5
The borders of most developing countries were drawn based on
decisions made by colonial & imperial powers that reflected their own needs
wanting to develop stable democracies and strong economies
the United Nations after 1950 to respect human rights
traditional boundaries between ethnic or tribal groups to reduce conflict
6
See image! In developing countries with democratic regimes, when the country experiences widespread civil unrest and...
socialism
military rule
international occupation and receivership
monarchy
7
Which of the following statements about India’s House of the People (Lok Sabha) is accurate?
acts in close collaboration with the upper house (unique among democracies)
it is the weaker of the two leg. houses, but one of largest in world
is the stronger of the 2 leg. houses, similar powers to British parliament
not directly elected by the people but represents gvts of India’s 28 states
8
BJPs's main policy that strengthens democracy is ______ ; BJPs's main policy that weakens democracy is _____.
all of the above
expanding religious freedom; cancelling elections when it fears losing
investigating government corruption; advancing Hindu rights but not others
forming diverse coalitions; arresting previous PM for corruption
9
Which of the following statements about the development of India’s economy is accurate?
was one of the first countries to undergo structural adjustment
has followed the import substitution consistently since independence
the license raj has only acquired more red tape recently, needs reform
Shifted from import subst. to export-oriented in 80s, grew rapidly after
10
Which type of legitimacy is normal in democracies but difficult for newly independent developing countries?
traditional
operational
charismatic
rational-legal
11
What was an advantage that India did NOT have in making the transition from colonial rule to independence and democracy?
a homogenous society with a high degree of economic equality
many educated bureaucrats with experience managing during British rule
mostly nonviolent independence movement/expectation of peaceful competition
a strong national identity after 100 years of struggling for independence
12
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the state of political and religious culture in Iran?
women are more religiously conservative than men & support democracy more
the majority is fundamentalist & opposes democracy for religious reasons
young people are more religious than people born before 1979
many support both democracy and keeping religion an important part of life
13
Critics of globalization speak of the problem of a “democratic deficit,” meaning...
power of citizens to elect their own governments is weakened
NGOs and IGOs are less efficient bc of reliance upon democratic processes
nonstate organizations must be given more power to keep states in check
shift towards IGOs will reduce public representation and influence
14
What has been the main pattern of presidential election results in Iran over the past 30 years?
increasingly reformist presidents
consistent trend towards more conservative presidents
increasing success for politically neutral candidates decided by Majilis
reformist candidates winning, then conservative, then more reformist winner
15
What organization led India's independence movement & was the most successful political party after independence?
Muslim League (ML)
Rajistan Resistance (RRP)
Indian National Congress (INC)
Hindu Alliance (HA)
16
What was unusual about Mexico’s 1917 constitution?
based on US constitution but had socialist elements
required re-ratification every 10 years, which creates instability
prohibited interest groups from contributing money to election campaigns
first constitution of a major country that gave full voting rights to women
17
How did the 1979 revolution in Iran develop?
revolt against shah was diverse but then conservatives took over
shah = exiled by own govt, purely islamic state created by that same govt
left-wing populist revolt overthrew the shah
military revolted against shah, established a religious-secular regime
18
What main events in the 1980s-90s made elections more democratic in Mexico, breaking the PRI party's grip on power?
alliance between cartels and farmers made the PRI fire corrupt officials
Supreme Court ruled that federal elections must be publicly financed
economic crises forced the govt to borrow money from US = election reforms
a split created two nearly-equal new parties, giving voters a real choice
19
Political globalization, through expanded international agreements and more effective IGOs, is likely to lead to...
strengthening both state autonomy and capacity
weakening both state autonomy and capacity
weakening autonomy but most likely increasing states' capacity
growing state autonomy but weakening capacity
20
Which of these are directly elected by the Iranian voters?
the supreme leader and the Majlis (parliament)
the president and the Guardian Council
the supreme leader and the president
the president and the Assembly of Experts
21
What has been the most controversial set of policy positions of India's current ruling party (BJP) and its leader Modi?
has aggressively reduced poverty by redistributing income (high taxes)
has investigated and arrested too many corrupt government officials
has favored Hindus and not acted to protect other religious groups
has worked cooperatively with Pakistan, seen as an enemy
22
Mexican presidents and members of the Senate are elected for
up to 2 four-year terms
one 6-year term for the president, max of two 6 year terms for senators
unlimited terms, like members of the U.S. Congress
up to 4 four-year terms
23
What were the main factors that reduced the autonomy of many new states soon after they achieved independence?
strong sense of national identity among public & high support for regime
the lack of experience and expertise of the new state's bureaucracy
maintaining ties to former colonial/imperial ruling countries
high power centralization, often in authoritarian regimes and governments
24
The main strategies used by the PRI to maintain its decades-long hold on power were
imprisoning the opposition and censoring the news media during elections
suspending elections under the pretense of “national emergency"
patron-client relationships, corporatism, and electoral fraud
giving state money to its candidates and arresting opposition candidates

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