A plate boundary where 2 plates move past each other in opposite directions

What is the role of weathering in soil formation?

breaks down into the surface minerals of rock, then transports it to soil.

Areas where deep, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface

All of these answers are correct

What is the relationship between latitude and solar radiation?

Lower latitudes get more intense solar radiation.

The percent of light able to be reflected back off an object

Atmospheric high-pressure areas form when...

masses of cool, dry air sink and warm up.

What role do Ocean currents play in regulating the climate on Earth?

moderate temps and add moisture to the air

What occurs during the March and September Equinoxes?

Both hemispheres are equally facing the sun

The theory of plate tectonics attempts to explain the

movement of Earth's upper layers.

Why in the summer is the N Hemisphere warmer than other times of the year?

There is a bigger angle of insolation then., There is more direct, intense insolation then.

shifting of warm water pool from the Pacific towards the east

Which best describes the relationship between solar radiation and latitude?

Section B has more intense solar radiation because of smaller surface area

oscillations in Pacific Ocean that influence weather and climate patterns

What are the characteristics used to describe a watershed?

area, length, slope, soil, and vegetation types

Identify the type of convergent boundary movement

Continental-Continental convergence

Characteristics of warm air

less dense than cold air, holds more water, rises through atmosphere

A convergent boundary is

the boundary between two plates that are coming together

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ESH - Unit 4 Earth Systems

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Answers

1
A Divergent boundary ___
Collides
Separates
2
Transform Boundary
A section of the asthenosphere that carries plates
A plate boundary where 2 plates move past each other in opposite directions
A plate boundary where two plates collide into each other.
A sect of the lithosphere that moves over the asthenosphere carrying plates
3
What is the role of weathering in soil formation?
Sediments deposited by wind, water or galciers
affects vegetation, which in turn influences soil development
by affectinting soil moisture and tendency towards erosion
breaks down into the surface minerals of rock, then transports it to soil.
4
Which of the following has the lowest albedo?
Ice
Asphalt
Clouds
Tropical Rainforest canopy
5
What drives plate motion?
Horizontal Currents
Convection Currents
Vertical Currents
Conduction Currents
6
Upwelling zones
Areas where deep, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface
Places where warm water from the equator moves towards the poles
Coastal areas where ocean currents bring warm, clear water to the shore
Regions where surface water is trapped by winds and does not move
7
Global wind patterns are determined by ________.
Uneven heating of the earth.
direction of ocean currents.
earth's revolution.
uneven landforms.
8
A divergent plate boundary creates
Mountains
A Trench
a Mid-Ocean ridge
9
According to this soil texture chart, what type of soil is 70% silt, 20% clay, and 10% sand?
Clay Loam
Silt Clay Loam
Silt Loam
Loam
10
Earth’s rotation and air pressure differences create global wind patterns called __________.
Prevailing Winds
Fronts
Temperatures
Isobars
11
El Niño
All of these answers are correct
occurs every 3-5 years and last for 9-12 months
bring heavy rains and destructive flooding to North America
occurs when trade winds slacken
12
Does NOT increase N and P pollution in a watershed...
increased albedo
synthetic fertilizer runoff
animal waste from CAFOS
discharge from sewage treatment plant
13
What can reduce watershed pollution?
Using plastic
Burning waste
Building roads
Planting trees
14
What affects weather and climate in regions on earth?
Mountains
All of these are correct
Ocean temperature
Latitude
15
Weather occurs in _____.
Troposphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
16
La Nina weather in the eastern Pacific
warm water, warmer weather
cold water, cooler weather
17
What is the relationship between latitude and solar radiation?
It stays light longer in higher latitudes.
Lower latitudes get more intense solar radiation.
Higher latitudes get more intense solar radiation.
Higher latitudes can still be very warm much of the time.
18
Which soil profile layer contains topsoil?
Z Horizon
C Horizon
B Horizon
A Horizon
19
This must occur before erosion can take place
Ice melting
Weathering
Anti-erosion
Deposition
20
Causes curved global wind patterns due to Earth rotation
Climate
Seasons
Weather
Coriolis Effect
21
An atmospheric low pressure system is ____.
where hot air is sinking
where cold air is rising
where cold air is sinking
where hot air is rising
22
Which of the following has the highest albedo?
Dirty snow
Asphalt
Fresh snow
Water
23
What is Albedo?
The fraction of light hitting a surface
The genetic disorder in albinos
All of the above
The percent of light able to be reflected back off an object
24
Atmospheric high-pressure areas form when...
masses of warm, moist air sink and warm up.
masses of cool, dry air rise and cool down.
masses of warm, moist air rise and cool down.
masses of cool, dry air sink and warm up.
25
What role do Ocean currents play in regulating the climate on Earth?
moderate temps and add moisture to the air
they absorb heat from the atmosphere
they allow the continents to move around the planet
they keep warm/cool waters separated
26
What gas is used up (taken out of the air) by photosynthesis?
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
Helium
27
What occurs during the March and September Equinoxes?
Earth is furthest from the sun
Both hemispheres are equally facing the sun
Earth is closest to the sun
One hemisphere receives more insolation
28
What element takes up the largest percentage of the atmosphere
nitrogen
other
carbon
oxygen
29
Largest soil particle size
loam
silt
clay
sand
30
The theory of plate tectonics attempts to explain the
movement of Earth's upper layers.
layering of sedimentary rock.
gravitational forces of Earth.
composition of Earth's inner regions.
31
Why in the summer is the N Hemisphere warmer than other times of the year?
There is a bigger angle of insolation then.
There is more direct, intense insolation then.
There is indirect, weaker insolation then.
There is a smaller angle of insolation then.
32
Which describe Earth's global wind pattern between 30 º North Latitude and 60° North Latitude
Westerly winds
There is very little wind
It depends which way the Earth is rotating
Easterly Winds
33
What catastrophic event is caused from a transform boundary?
Flood
Thunderstorm
Volcanic Eruption
Earthquake
34
El Nino is
raising sea levels, increases chance of ice moving fast.
shifting of warm water pool from the Pacific towards the east
Historic temperature data average temperature increased
Abundance of different types of species that are available
35
List three characteristics of a watershed
Slope, soil, vegetation types
Area, length, porosity
Permeability, slope, compaction
Color, salinity, compaction
36
The angle of the sun effects the insolation of the earth
False
True
37
Which atmospheric gas is produced by photosynthesis
Glucose
Water
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
38
According to the soil texture chart, what type of soil is composed of 45% Clay, 50% Silt & 5% Sand?
Clay
Silty clay
Silt loam
clay loam
39
What type of convergent boundary is shown?
oceanic continental
continental continental
transform
ocean oceanic
40
Prevailing Westerlies
Move weather across the US
Originate at the equator
Are an area with no wind
Warm the climate in England
41
Which best describes the relationship between solar radiation and latitude?
Section B has more intense solar radiation because of larger surface area
Section A has more intense solar radiation because of larger surface area
Section B has more intense solar radiation because of smaller surface area
Section A has more intense solar radiation because of smaller surface area
42
Why does the Southern Hemisphere have summer when the Northern Hemisphere has winter?
It has more sunlight
It moves faster around the Sun
It tilts toward the Sun
It is closer to the Sun
43
El Nino/La Nina
Large scale movement of seawater driven by temperature/ density differences
oscillations in Pacific Ocean that influence weather and climate patterns
A period of sudden cooling that occurred 12,900 to 11,700 years ago
ability of a substance to absorb heat
44
Trade winds move from _________ to ___________ near the equator.
west, east
north, south
south, north
east, west
45
What determines a watershed boundary?
gravity
lines
ocean
divides
46
What are the characteristics used to describe a watershed?
area, length, slope, soil, and vegetation types
altitude and ocean temperature
cloud cover and wind speed
population density and industrial output
47
Convergent boundary
Move towards each other
collide and make subduction zones
Uses two tectonic plates in the process
All of the Above
48
Identify the type of convergent boundary movement
Continental-Continental convergence
Oceanic-Oceanic convergence
Oceanic-Continental convergence
49
Characteristics of warm air
less dense than cold air, holds more water, rises through atmosphere
more dense than cold air, holds more water, falls through atmosphere
less dense than cold air, holds less water, rises through atmosphere
more dense than cold air, holds less water, falls through atmosphere
50
A convergent boundary is
the boundary between two plates that are coming together
the boundary between two plates sliding past each other
the boundary between two plates that are moving apart
51
Use the Soil Texture chart to determine the type of soil based upon: 30% clay, 40% Silt, 30% sand
silty clay loam
clay loam
Loam
sandy clay
52
In which layer is the ozone layer?
Troposphere
Thermosphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
53
A soil with the highest water permeability, has a lot of this in the soil
all of they above
silt
clay
sand
54
What is the relationship between ocean currents and climate?
They distribute heat, affecting temperatures worldwide
They prevent precipitation from forming
Ocean currents have no effect on climate
Ocean currents make climates wetter
55
Rain Shadow effect is when rain falls on the windward side of a mountain
True
False
56
What is Insolation?
Incoming Solar Radiation
You put it in your walls
Sun energy that passes Earth
All of the above
57
The soil horizon with the most organic matter is the:
R horizon
A horizon
B horizon
C horizon
58
What is a Hadley cell?
part of el nino effect
air circulation sinking at equator, rising at 30 latitude
an ocean current
circulation of air rising at equator, sinking at 30 latitude
59
Why is ozone in the troposphere a problem?
Ozone in the troposphere is not a problem.
Ozone in the troposphere creates skin cancer.
Ozone in the troposphere helps lung function.
Ozone in the troposphere creates lung problems.
60
Permeability is the water moving downward in the soil.
True
False
61
What will increase soil fertility?
excessive farming
excessive irrigation
acids
organic matter
62
Factors that affect solar insolation at any given location include...
cloud cover
time of day
all of these are correct
latitude
63
Ring of Fire is...
A fire ring of hot lava
A zone of intense earthquake and volcanic activity
Where Earthquakes and volcanos never occur
A ring of Fire in the middle of the ocean
64
The Mississippi River Basin's watershed touches how many different states in the US?
27
7
15
31
65
Streams in a watershed drain from a higher elevation to a lower elevation.
True
False
66
What makes mountains
Diverjent
convection
Convergent
divergent
67
What is a divergent Boundary?
when two tectonic plates slide past each other
when two tectonic plates race each other
when two tectonic plates move towards each other
when two tectonic plates move away from each other
68
Ocean gyres in the Northern Hemisphere rotate ...
counter-clockwise
east to west
clockwise
north to south
69
What is plate tectonics?
Large serving plates made of ceramic
Tectonic porcelain plates
Broken pieces of earth's lithosphere interact
70
Thermohaline circulation
deep ocean currents driven by wind
surface currents driven by wind
deep ocean currents driven by temperature and salinity
surface currents driven by temperature
71
An example of physical weathering in soil formation
freezing/thawing of ice breaks down rocks
plant roots
bacteria
acid rain
72
Earth has seasons becasue
the distance between Earth and the sun changes
Earth rotates on its axis
the temperture of the sun changes
Earth's axis is tilted as it moves around the sun
73
What creates a watershed boundary?
Water walls
A line drawn by the government
Trees
High land like a hill or mountain
74
what happens in a transform boundary
volcanoes
mid-ocean ridge
earthquakes
mountain chains
75
Which is the 'windward' side of the Rain Shadow effect?
Warm, moist side which gets most of the rain
Cool, dry side which doesn't get as much rain
76
Where does the largest amount of insolation occur?
North Pole
South Pole
the equator
At 23.5 N
77
The ozone in troposphere
damages plants
causes respiratory problems.
is an air pollutant.
all of these
78
Choose all soil formation factors.
Parent Material
Topography
Biota (organisms)
Humans
Climate
Time
79
Global wind patterns cause
deep ocean currents
bad hair days
surface ocean currents
tides
80
Clay soils typically ___________.
Drain poorly
Drain well
81
Which convergent boundary creates non-volcanic mountains?
Continental-Oceanic
Mountains aren't caused at convergent boundaries
Oceanic-Oceanic
Continental-Continental
82
Which of the following best describes the role of organisms in soil formation?
They contribute organic matter and help break down rock.
They prevent soil formation by consuming nutrients.
They increase soil erosion.
They only influence soil formation in tropical climates.
83
Surface ocean currents
are cold near the equator
exist in all of the major lakes
are created by differences in ocean temperature
are created by wind
84
What is soil texture determined by?
Proportions of sand, silt, and clay in the soil
Organic matter content in the soil
Water content in soil
The depth of the soil horizon
85
Human Impact on Watersheds:
Slowing down of river currents and reducing rainfall
Increased biodiversity, reduction of floods, and enhanced water flow
Changes in ocean currents, erosion, and volcanic activity
Pollution, deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture
86
Rain shadow effect...
creates a dry, desert climate on the leeward side of the mountain.
causes Hadley cells to form
increases moisture on the leeward side of a mountain
creates a dry, desert climate on the windward side of the mountain.
87
Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?
A rock broken into chunks after being carried by rapidly flowing water
The dissolving of limestone by acid rain
Splits in a rock due to tree roots
Pulverized rock resulting from a landslide
88
Is there low or high atmospheric pressure at the equator?
High
Low
89
How does the ozone layer impact life on Earth?
The ozone layer hole is the main reason for climate change
Aerosol cans still contain CFCs that thin the ozone layer
It magnifies sunlight, causing sunburn
It filters out harmful UV radiation from sunlight
90
Which combination of climate factors will increase chemical weathering rates?
cool and wet climates
warm and wet climates
cool and arid climates
warm and arid climates
91
Plate Tectonics...
gave rise to today's continents
The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion
gave rise to today's continents
by convection currents in the mantle.
92
What is Erosion?
The movement of sediments or rock to one place or another.
The breaking down of rocks.
The wearing down of rocks.
When rock sediments are transformed into another rock.
93
Which characteristic of a watershed would act to reduce erosion?
soil with high porosity
large floodplain areas
large number of lakes
channels with a low gradient
94
The rain shadow effect results in rain on the windward side of mountains because:
clouds can't carry water vapor far distances
clouds release their water vapor as warm air rises
clouds are too heavy to pass over the mountains
clouds release their water vapor as cold air rises
95
Which soil texture is known for good water drainage and aeration?
Clay
Silt
silty clay
Loamy Sand
96
Which diagram represents a divergent boundary?
D
B
C
A

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