Research Final Exam Review

Which of the following is a type of qualitative research?

If the data is homogenous, then the data set has _________ variability.

Which level of measurement uses a continuum of numeric values that have meaning and are spaced equally apart?

Which of the following can depict categorical data, both nominal and ordinal?

Which of the following refers to the raw number of health phenomena under investigation (i.e. births, case of disease)

Represents a threat to internal validity that occurs because of the subject’s knowledge of participating in the study?

___ is the most powerful measurement scale because it takes on the characteristics of all previous scales of measurement

In analyzing a bar graph, the height and width have meaning. Histograms only assign meaning to the height of the bar.

Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?

A ____ is a rank in a set of data that represents the number of cases that a given value exceeds.

What percentage of students scored between a 390 and a 590 on their SAT test?

The following data set (-1, 2, 3, 4, 100) suggest the distribution:

________ is a useful tool that provides systematic reviews and meta-analyses of research articles.

Univariate analysis includes all of the following except:

What occurs in a type I error?

What is the range of this data set?

A sampling method which involves a random start and then proceeds with the selection of every kth element onwards: 

A distribution in which the mean is greater than the median and mode indicates that the data are:

Which correlation is the strongest?

Federal regulations mandate the establishment of institutional review boards whose purpose is to:

A distribution in which the mean is less than the median and mode indicates that the data are:

The _______ represent the elements/ subjects included in a study.

When extraneous variables influence & distort the relationship between the IV & DV 

What percentage of the population falls within two standard deviations ABOVE the mean?

An operational definition specifies:

Which of the following is a measure of disease frequency in a defined population over a specific period?

Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?

“Classic” experimental design in which subjects are randomized into either the intervention group

Correlation coefficients provide all of the following information except:

Which sampling method has the highest risk for bias?

To minimize type I error, which alpha level can be interpreted as the most highly statistically significant result?

A study controls for possible effects of extraneous variables on the dependent variable is said to have

All of the following components are required in experiment design except:

Which “scientific method” follows these steps: 1) observation/data, 2) patterns, 3) theory?

The_______ represents all elements that meet well defined criteria.

What is anonymity in a research study?

Which parametric, inferential statistical test compares and analyzes the difference between two mean scores?

A researcher conducts a smaller study of a large planned study to identify any problematic areas. This is a ______.

Which of the following non-parametric tests is used to examine differences at baseline?

The group of subjects receiving the standard of care but not the intervention is the:

The ______ hypothesis is assumed to be true until proven otherwise.

If 2, 56, 73, 22, 48, and 19 were provided as a data set, then the data is said to be:

The lowest source of evidence are:

A negative correlation is present when:

In a normal distribution, what percentile represents the median of the sample?

Correlation coefficients provide all of the following information except:

The _______ represents a group from which a researcher can sample.

Which of the following aspects of the PICO question is NOT required?

What are the four categories (levels) used to describe measurements?

Which among the following is the most important characteristic of a sample?

When researchers Accept the null hypothesis when it should have been Rejected, this is an occurrence of:

This group represents the type of population the researchers are interested in studying

As internal validity increases, external validity also increases.

Correlation- statistic to describe the relationship between 3 variables. Correlation coefficient of r =0.07 is strong.

Sampling method with random start which proceeds with the selection of every Nth element from then onwards:

Type of statistics that explains characteristics of variables?

What is the most powerful way to establish cause & effect between dependent and independent variables?

______: calculated by dividing the frequency of an event by total number of events; used to display descriptive stats

A meta-analysis is considered a primary source. Systematic reviews are the best sources of evidence.

"Classic” experimental design: randomized subjects, into intervention or control group and measured before and after

Accepting the null hypothesis when it should have been rejected is an occurrence of: (AR)

A small p-value indicates rare chance occurrences and leads to which conclusion?

A population is represented by the abbreviation:

Large standard deviations suggest that:

The "scientific method" of research that follows theses steps: 1-observation/data 2-patterns 3-theory

Probability values fall on a scale between____

 _______ refers to physical or mental changes that may occur within individuals over time, such as aging and learning.

Comparing >2 variables that differ at the start of study, the best inferential statistical test for parametric data is:

In retrospective designs, the researcher manipulates the independent variable.

Regarding levels of measurement: interval identifies an absolute zero, while ratio does not.

Which of the following is ranked from largest to smallest?

Which level of measurement is the weakest?

How would one describe the pattern of the data in the scatter gram above?

All are indices used to measure variation or dispersion among scores except:

The_________  represents all elements that meet well defined criteria.

A population is represented by the abbreviation: 

Which of the following is not a way to manipulate an independent variable?

What is the range of scores that lie three standard deviation from the mean?

In analyzing a bar graph, the height and width have meaning. Histograms only assign meaning to the height of the bar.

In a normal distribution, what percentile represents the median of the sample?

In a normal distribution, 99.7% of the data will fall within ____________ standard deviation(s) of the mean.

Measures the same group at specified intervals over extended period.  Often involved w/ progression of chronic disease

Study measuring the same group of subjects at specified time intervals over an extended period of time.

What is the Mode of this data set?

Correlation is used to describe the relationship between 3 variables. A correlation coefficient of r =0.08 is strong.

Sample size affects statistical significance. A smaller sample is more likely to exhibit statistical significance.