Periodization- AP World History Modern

The American Revolution was caused by resentment based on taxation and governing policies.

The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War.

A Cold War emerged between the United States and Soviet Union.

Melaka was a key port city for sea traders from China and India.

Adam Smith wrote The Wealth of Nations.

The Bubonic Plague spread through China and Europe.

Mongols conquered large portions of the Asian continent under Genghis Khan. Went on to form four empires.

Feminism emerged as a result of the economic changes that occurred following industrialization.

Trans-Saharan trade route thrived.

The Protestant Reformation questioned the practices of the Catholic Church.

Indian Rebellion was a conflict between India and Great Britain- British victory strengthened legitimacy of their rule.

Bills of exchange changed economies across the world.

Mansa Musa ruled Mali and annexed Timbuktu.

Ottomans began to expand to create an empire in the Middle East.

The Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire.

Champa rice from Vietnam led to significant growth of the Chinese population

Age of Imperialism

Fidel Castro deposed Cuban dictator Batista.

Liberalism was based on Enlightenment philosophies that advocated for constitutional government.

The Fluyt was used by the Dutch for maritime trade.

NATO was founded to counter the spread of communism.

Caravels were built by the Portuguese and sparked the Age of Exploration.

Haitian Revolution was started as a slave revolt and was led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Peter the Great attempted to modernize Russia.

Chinampas are used by the Aztec

The factory system used rigorous mechanization and unskilled worked to mass produce goods.

Marco Polo traveled along the Silk Road.

Militarism led to World War I.

The Manchu were the principal rulers of the Qing dynasty.

The Hacienda system was the Spanish system of estates in the colonies.

Second Industrial Revolution relied on steel, chemicals, and electricity.

Algeria gained independence from France.

Indentured servants were used as contract labor for a fixed time.

First Industrial Revolution relied on steam power.

Social Darwinism was used to justify imperialism.

Swahili city-states traded in the Indian Ocean Trade network.

European Union created a supernational organization promoting common economic regulation and growth.

Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto.

Columbian Exchange led to a transfer of people, ideas, crops, and disease.

Meiji Restoration restored the power of the emperor and led to industrialization and modernization in Japan.

Fascism led to creation of governments organized around extreme nationalism, militarism, and consolidation of power.

The Great Depression causes a global economic crisis.

Catholic Church is the religious authority in Europe

Holy wars known as the Crusades were launched by Pope Urban II to reclaim Israel from Muslims.

The Daimyo was the noble class in Japan.

Mit'a system is used by the Inca

Maroon societies formed by escaped slaves.

Christian uprising was met with a violent imperial court during the Taiping Rebellion.

Non-Aligned Movement promoted a middle path for newly independent nations during the Cold War.

Ibn Battuta traveled through Dar al-Islam.

Socialism developed in response to the poor working conditions faced by factory workers.

The Mughal Empire reunified India.

Mandate of Heaven gives Chinese dynasties the right to rule

Muhammad Ali Jinnah advocated for an independent state for Muslims.

Astrolabe was invented and used by the Islamic world.

Steam-powered locomotives were invented in England.

Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal.

Neo-Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty

Mao Zedong became the leader of the Chinese Communist Party.

Warsaw Pact was formed by the Soviet Union and seven Eastern Bloc countries.

China tried to modernize its military and economy during the Self-Strengthening Movement.

Green Revolution introduced new agricultural techniques.

Lateen sails were used to sail against the wind.

Triangular Trade led to Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.

Sugar cultivation relied heavily on African slave labor.

The Boxer Rebellion sought to ride China of foreigners- it was backed by Empress Cixi.

Belgian King Leopold II built a colony in the Congo and forced the Congolese people to harvest rubber.

Carrack vessels were used to carry large cargo.

Mestizos (European & Indigenous) and Mulattos (European & African) were people of mixed descent.

Ghana and Mali was at its peak.

Opium Wars fought between China and Great Britain.

The title of creoles was given to people of Spanish blood who were born in the Americas.

Ho Chi Minh fought against the French and then an American-supported regime in South Vietnam.

A protest between students and the Chinese military over democratic reform occurred in Tiananmen Square.

French Revolution was caused by conflict between the three estates.

Christopher Columbus sailed under the sponsorship of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.

Enlightenment questioned the right to rule by monarchs.

Feudalism in Europe developed as a result of the collapse of Western Rome.

The Renaissance began as consequence of the Black Plague and Crusades.

Mercantilism was established as colonies supplied natural resources to European nations.

Simon Bolivar wrote the Jamaican Letter.

Axis powers and Allied Powers fought in World War II.

Al-Andalus was an Islamic state in Spain- led by the Berbers.

Joseph Stalin took control of Russia after the death of Lenin.

Mohandas Gandhi fought for African and Indian Independence.

League of Nations was formed.

Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy.

Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire

The Tokugawa Shogunate ruled Japan during its feudal period.

The Ottoman Empire tried to modernize under the Tanzimat Movement.

Adolf Hitler was the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party.

Caliph named as Muhammad's successor

The United Nations formed.

Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press making mass literacy possible.

Latin American Revolution fought against Spanish Colonial Rule.

The Spanish used the Encomienda system for forced labor in the Americas.

Slavery was abolished.

Zheng He traveled under the Ming Dynasty.

Songhai became the successor of the Mali Empire.

Shi'a and Sunni Split