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Cognition AP Psych Flashcards | StudBud
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Cognition AP Psych
Cognition AP Psych
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#memory #thinking #language
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1
Rats given a drug that enhances LTP will learn a maze w/half usual # of mistakes. This suggests
state dependent memories are easily retrieved
priming is affected by release of serotonin into the synapse
LTP provides neural basis for learning & remembersin associations
source amnesia decreases the more the rat runs the maze
2
Human capacity for storing Long term memories is
enhanced through hypnosis
essentially unlimited
roughly equal to 7 units of info
greatly reduced after people reach age of 65
3
Which BEST describes position of many current researchers regarding repression?
Activity of the hippocampus leads to repression
Rarely occurs as it is difficult to forget emotional material
Memories protect our self-concept & minimize anxiety
Only implicit memories are repressed into unconsciousness
4
Rephrasing text material in own words is effective way of facilitating
automatic processing
proactive interference
semantic encoding
implicit memory
5
Conscious memory of factual info is called
procedural
explicit
implicit
iconic
6
Our short term memory span contains approximately how many items?
5
8
9
7
7
Eva had difficulty recognizing a sea horse as a fish, because it doesn't resemble her fish
prototype
heuristic
fixation
concept
8
Type of motivated forgetting where anxiety-arousing memories are blocked from conscious awareness
proactive interference
repression
priming
retroactive interference
9
Loftus & Palmer asked observers how fast cars were going when "smashed" into each other, memories dev.
omitted some of most painful aspects of the event
demonstrated repression of significant aspects of accident
influenced by Loftus & Palmer as id'd as police officers
portrayed event as more serious than actually been
10
Effortful processing can occur only with
sensory memory
implicit memory
conscious attention
chunking
11
Which BEST illustrates psych's current understanding of relationship between thinking & lang?
Language determines the way we think
Thought and language are unrelated
All thinking must be language based
Thinking affects lang, which then affects our thoughts
12
The patient known as "H.M." suffered fro
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
proactive interference
13
Some info in our fleeting....., is encoded into short term memory
semantic memory
long term memory
flashbulb memory
sensory memory
14
Memory is BEST defined as
persistence of learning thru storage & retrieval
conscious encoding of info
recalling & retrieving info in the cerebral cortex
stored knowledge that is semantically encoded
15
Scientists trained to observe & record research outcomes that are inconsistent w/hypotheses to reduce
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
intuition
the framing effect
16
If our capacity to form concepts depends on our verbal memory, this best illustrates
framing effect
universal grammar
linguistic determinism
telegraphic speech
17
Amnesia patients typically have experienced damage to this part of the brain
cerebellum
frontal lobes
hippocampus
amygdala
18
What is long term potentiation, LTP?
increased ability to recall long ago events
disruptive influence of recent memories of old memories
increased efficiency of synaptic transmission
disruptive influence of old memories of new memories
19
Using nonsense syllables to study memory, Ebbinghaus found that
sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited
iconic memory fades more rapidly than echoic memory
most rapid memory loss for new info occurs shortly after learning
syllables that are meaningful were recalled the best
20
Cerebellum is to ... memory as hippocampus is to ... memory
implicit, explicit
short term, long term
explicit, implicit
long term, short term
21
Daniel Schacter suggests that encoding failure results from the sin of
blocking
absent-mindedness
repression
transience
22
Beginning of babies receptive lang. dev. BEST illustrated by capacity to
babble only sounds part of household lang.
recognize distinctive sound of own voice
match person's distinctive mouth movements w/sounds
speak in short telegraphic sentences
23
Chomsky emphasized the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by
ability to imitate words & grammar modeled by parents
learned association of word sounds w/various objects, events
an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules
positive reinforcement adults give children for speaking
24
The amygdala is responsible for which type of memories?
procedural
visual
factual
emotional
25
Research on memory construction indicates that
True memories created by LTP, false memories by cerebellum
False memories often feel as real as true memories
Hypnotic suggestion is effective for accurate memory retrieval
Difficult to lead ppl to construct memories that never happened
26
Which term refers to ALL activities associated w/thinking, knowing, & remembering
cognition
memory
language
syntax
27
After looking up his friend's phone #, Alex could remember only long enough to dial it, this was stored
sensory
working
mood congruent
short term
28
Atkinson & Shifrin's information processing memory model is...
encode, retrieve, store
input, store, retrieve
input, process, retrieve
encode, store, retrieve
29
Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called
mood-congruent memories
sensory memories
repressed memories
flashbulb memories
30
Unlike implicit memories, explicit memories are processed by the
amygdala
hypothalamus
hippocampus
cerebellum
31
Ky didn't know if locker room was down the hallway to the left or to the right, he decided go R
He used belief perseverance
He used availability heuristic
He used trial & error
He used fixation
32
What is anterograde amnesia?
memory loss for events that occur after the incident
loss of ability to recall old memories before the event
loss of ability to create new memories after the event
memory loss for events that occur before the incident
33
Which linguistic theorist MOST impressed by underlying similarities in human lang.
Noam Chomsky
Benjamin Whorf
B. F. Skinner
Hermann Ebbinghaus
34
An attorney uses misleading q's in an attempt to distort court witness' recall of a crime. This illustrates
priming
proactive interference
misinformation effect
source amnesia
35
Fill in blank q's measure..., matching concepts w/definitions measure...
recognition, relearning
relearning, recall
recognition, recall
recall, recognition
36
Kandel & Schwartz found that when learning occurs, more of this neurotransmitter is processed
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
37
Solving a jigsaw puzzle w/o any conscious recollection that you can best illustrates
semantic memory
implicit memory
sensory memory
explicit memory
38
As Goodwin lectures, Maya thinks of her basketball game, Where are Maya's thought being processed?
long term memory
cerebellum
working memory
sensory memory
39
Babies' first demonstration of productive language occurs
during babbling stage
during one word stage
during two word stage
after two word stage
40
7 sins of memory, misattribution is to sin of..., as blocking is to sin of...
proactive interference, retroactive interference
distortion, forgetting
intrusion, distortion
retroactive interference, proactive interference
41
Language refers to the
rules for combining words into grammatical sense
spoken, written, or signed words combined to comm meaning
rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes
smallest distinctive sound units
42
Tim remembers phone reservation # for Motel 6 by using mnemonic 1-800-MOTEL6, which aid is he using?
chunking
implicit memory
peg word
serial position effect
43
Memory aids involving vivid imagery & clever ways of organizing material are called
automatic processing
flashbulb memories
chunking
mnemonic devices
44
Kandel & Schwartz's research on sea slugs indicate that memory formation is associated
w/development of cerebellum
w/release of certain neurotransmitters
w/transformation of neurons in the medulla
w/activity level of hippocampus
45
Memory of old email password may block recall of new password. This illustrates
retroactive interference
misinformation effect
proactive interference
source amnesia
46
Accuracy of flashbulb memories who witnessed 2010 EQ in Haiti BEST illustrates memory formation
serial position effect
body's release of stress hormones
spacing effect
implicit memory
47
Ebbinghaus' use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to discovery that
what is learned in 1 mood is most easily retrieved in same mood
amount remembered depends on time spent learning
info is automatically processed is rarely forgotten
sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited
48
Lashley trained rats to solve a maze & removed pieces of their cortexes. He observed storage of memories
not restricted to the association areas
restricted to left cerebral hemisphere
not restricted to specific regions of the cortex
restricted to right cerebral hemisphere
49
Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that...
words shape the way people think
infancy is a critical period for lang development
all languages share a similar grammar
linguistic proficiencies influence our social status
50
How does brain's capacity for parallel processing relate to encoding new memories?
parallel processing allows brain to encode directly into LTM
sensory impulses travel thru separate channels w/visual info
parallel processing allows sensory experiences encoded @ once
parallel processing allows encode every event accurately
