Unit VII: Cognition and Memory

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.

The process of getting information out of memory storage.

Tendency to recall best the last (recency effect) and first items (primacy effect) in a list.

Which of the following most likely represents a prototype for concept indicated in parentheses?

Measure of memory-person need only identify items previously learned, as multiple-choice test.

_______, deep brain structures involved in motor movement, procedural memories for skills.

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling/thought-contrasted with conscious reasoning.

Emotion-triggered hormonal changes help explain why we remember exciting or shocking events.

Riding bicycle while talking to friend about something that happened in class demonstrates:

Measure of memory-person must retrieve information learned earlier; fill-in-the-blank test.

The process of retaining encoded information over time.

Remembering how terrible your last test grade was three weeks ago.

Which psychologist is important in the study of long-term potentiation?

Which psychologist is important in the study of insight in humans and primates?

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard or read about, or imagined.

A sudden realization of a problem’s solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions.

Which concept explains why people often underestimate amount of time to complete a project?

The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2-child speaks mostly in single words.

Controls language reception—a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression.

The smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix).

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; sounds/words recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.

Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development-child speaks in two-word statements.

More concerned about medical procedure when we are told 10% death rate than 90% survival rate.

Search information that supports our preconceptions and ignore/distort contradictory evidence.

A tendency to approach problems in one particular way, often that has been successful in past.

Clinging to initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.

Which of the following is true regarding the role of the amygdala in memory?

The processing of information into the memory system—for example: by extracting meaning.

Who developed the concept of linguistic determinism?

You do not need to remember/visualize how to drive a car each morning to get to Columbus.

_______ proposed short-term memory can retain about seven information bits (give or take two).

Relatively permanent/limitless storehouse of memory system-knowledge, skills, and experiences.

Your hippocampus and _______ are processing sites for your explicit memories.

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions/judgments.

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood.

Remembering phone numbers is an example of:

Controls language expression—an area of the frontal lobe. Affects muscle movements in speech.

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.

Damage to this structure disrupts recall of explicit memories.

More likely to remember psychology information in psychology classroom than other environments.

Studied sensory memory; flashed 3x3 grid for 1/20th of second. Recall row after tone-accurate.

No images of global climate change—which scientists regard as catastrophic—leaves us apathetic.

A mental image or best example of a category.

A person who is short, slim, and likes to read poetry. Professor of classics or a truck driver?

Which of the following demonstrates an example of the representative heuristic?

Which of the following is FALSE concerning recovered memories?

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.

Noam Chomsky-what is the essential environmental stimulus necessary for language acquisition?

Which psychologist identified five components of creativity?

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.

HOMES as the first letters of the Five Great Lakes illustrates the concept of:

Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event.

Which psychologist(s) were instrumental in the study of heuristics and decision-making?

An inability to retrieve information from one’s past.

Early speech stage in which child speaks like a telegram—“go car”—using mostly nouns and verbs.

Memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing.

Which psychologist has had a profound effect on recovered memories and their efficacy?

The ________ plays a key role in forming and storing implicit memories; classical conditioning.

Expands number of possible problem solutions in creative thinking.

An inability to form new memories.

Proposed memory model: 1) sensory memory, 2) short-term memory and 3) long-term memory.

Beginning at 4 months, infant spontaneously utters various sounds unrelated to the household.

After learning lists of nonsense syllables, ____ studied how much retained up to 30 days later.

A photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.

The 9/11 attacks caused many Americans to fear flying, even though small chance of dying.

Narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution.