AP-Semester 1 Review

Question 1

What molecule(s) accept high energy electrons during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle and take them to the ETC?

Accepted Answer

NADH and FADH2

Question 2

A cell receives a signal and begins reactions to make a second messenger. What stage do these reactions represent?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 3

Based on the surface area to volume ratios given, which cell would be most efficient?

Accepted Answer

5:1

Question 4

All signaling molecules can be received by all cells.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 5

As the concentration of a solution decreases (e.g. from 1M sucrose to .2 M sucrose) what will happen to cells in it?

Accepted Answer

They will gain water

Question 6

Which of the following structures do some bacteria possess?

Accepted Answer

Cell walls

Question 7

When is ATP used in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

The Calvin Cycle

Question 8

Phospholipid heads are _____, while phospholipid tails are ____

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic, hydrophobic

Question 9

Carbon dioxide is used in photosynthesis _____

Accepted Answer

In the Calvin Cycle to make G3P (glucose)

Question 10

What happens in a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The response to a signal increases/continues that signal

Question 11

When does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S

Question 12

In the ETC, electrons come from ___ and end up in ___

Accepted Answer

NADH, Water

Question 13

When is ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

In the ETC and the light reactions

Question 14

Where does glycolysis happen?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm

Question 15

Which molecules are involved in regulating the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

CDKs and Cyclins

Question 16

What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 17

Where is a hydrogen ion (proton) gradient created for ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 18

When calculating water potential for a salt (NaCl) solution, what value is used for i?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 19

Metabolic activity has caused blood pH to drop. What must happen to maintain/restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen ions must be absorbed by buffers

Question 20

In active transport _____

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis must happen

Question 21

Which of the following is true about photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It is endergonic

Question 22

What type of fermentation occurs in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic Acid

Question 23

What type of feedback loop helps to maintain homeostasis by decreasing/eliminating the orignal signal?

Accepted Answer

Negative

Question 24

Which types of materials are able to easily pass through the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

None of the above

Question 25

Which of the following supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 26

When is substrate-level phosphorylation used to make ATP?

Accepted Answer

The Krebs Cycle and Glycolysis

Question 27

What does the movement of electrons down a transport chain fuel?

Accepted Answer

The pumping of hydrogens to create a gradient

Question 28

What type of bond is found WITHIN water molecules (i.e. holding the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together)?

Accepted Answer

Polar Covalent

Question 29

Which structure produces proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 30

ATP synthesis is exergonic.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 31

What is the first step in cell signaling when a messenger reaches a target cell?

Accepted Answer

Reception

Question 32

What most directly powers the production of ATP in the light reactions and ETC?

Accepted Answer

Flow of hydrogens through ATP synthase

Question 33

When does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 34

A change in amino acid sequences can affect which levels of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 35

What would happen to animal cells placed in pure water?

Accepted Answer

They would swell

Question 36

What would happen to animal cells placed in very salty water?

Accepted Answer

They would shrink

Question 37

Oxygen is released in photosynthesis during _____ by _____.

Accepted Answer

The light reactions, splitting water

Question 38

Which type of transport moves molecules from low to high concentration?

Accepted Answer

Active

Question 39

Some endoplasmic reticulum may be "studded" with ribosomes.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 40

Protein formation would be most greatly affected by a lack of ___

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

AP-Semester 1 Review

Questions 40

AP-Semester 1 Review

Questions 40