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APWH Unit II + III Review
APWH Unit II + III Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
was a strong force that divided many people
favored separation from secular government
2
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
employ absolute power
obtain consent of the governed
divide power evenly
obtain power from a social contract
3
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Assyrian
Ottoman
Holy Roman
Byzantine
4
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
socialism
communism
manorialism
feudalism
5
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
independent trade partners
independent nations with special privileges
possessions to be exploited
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
6
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
ban on the consumption of pork
deep reverence and respect for nature
belief in the reincarnation of souls
belief in one God
7
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
8
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
promoted peace and prosperity
established absolutist governments
developed concepts for natural rights
provided structure for society
9
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
lived at peace with their neighbors
produced few cultural achievements
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
10
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
secularism
mysticism
individualism
humanism
11
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
economic policies of the Roman Empire
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
self-sufficiency of the manor system
12
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
development of a socialist economy
establishment of the guild system
weakening of the power of the middle class
expansion of world trade
13
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
14
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
Religious reform was a major concern
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
15
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
peaceful relations with other nations
equality among Japanese citizens
an increased interest in science and technology
a culture that accepted militarism
16
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
17
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Tang and Song dynasties
Gupta Empire
Ghana and Mali civilizations
Byzantine Empire
18
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
origin in the Andes Mountains
dedication to advancement of science
peaceful territorial expansion
social equality
19
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
development of feudalism in Europe
20
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
The Feudal system strengthened
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
Trade and commerce declined
21
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
22
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
absolutism
manorilaism
mercantalism
market economy
23
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
socialism
free market
manorialism
feudalism
24
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
manorialism
feudalism
mercantilism
entrepreneurship
25
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
democratic ideas
silk cloth
Orthodox Christianity
Latin language
26
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
Ionic
Corinthian
Gothic
neoclassical
27
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
Age of Exploration in Europe
decline in African slave trade
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
growth of feudalism in Europe
28
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a means for the empire to expand its borders
a means of administering the civil service exams
a military route for the defense of the norther border
contact with other cultures through trade
29
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
the manor system and land ownership
absolute monarchies
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
30
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Voltaire
Locke
Machiavelli
Montesquei
31
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
social mobility
a questioning spirit
universal suffrage/democracy
racial diversity
32
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
human scientific achievements
religious themes
classic Greek and Roman subjects
materialism
33
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
European renewal in learning
European involvement in the Crusades
development of a European middle class
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
34
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
manorialism
socialism
laissez-faire capitalism
mercantalism
35
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
merchants and pilgrims
missionaries and slave traders
bankers and explorers
soldiers and diplomats
36
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
establishing trade routes to the Americas
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
37
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
38
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
mercantilism and industrial expansion
prosperity and artistic creativty
war and constant invasion
feudalism and oppression
39
Africa's geography is characterized by
a lack of major river systems
a diverse topography
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
an absence of rain forests
40
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
agricultural communes
social and political equality
Islam
codified laws
41
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
granted independence as soon as possible
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
encouraged to develop their own industries
42
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a golden age
a time of colonial unrest
a period of political chaos
a poverty-stricken era
43
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
emphasized social equality
established monotheistic religions
developed writing systems
had decentralized political structures
44
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
a wealthy class invested in the arts
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
an absolutist gov't
a shrinking aristocracy
45
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
the production of raw materials and cash crops
respect for the rights of the indigenous
isolationism
46
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
decline of Mongol rule in China
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
introduction of gunpowder to China
47
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
the practices of the church led to classless society
sharp class distinctions divided European society
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
The nobles encouraged social mobility
48
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Ottoman
Mongol
Byzantine
Hellenistic
49
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
decreasing importance of towns and cities
rise of nation-states
increase in influence of serfs
collapse of international trade
50
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
The Catholic Church was weakened
Feudalism strengthened
51
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
52
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
the end of foreign domination
the furthest expansion of their borders
53
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
Senegal to India
the Indus River to Spain
Mecca to Asia Minor
Cairo to Tours
54
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
exploitation of people and resources
growth of democratic forms of gov't
opposition to the Catholic Church
rejection of Spanish culture
55
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
56
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
isolated from the rest of Europe
protected by mountains
close to a network of navigable rivers
accessible by water
57
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
mercantilism
equality among the social classes
direct democracy
practicing rituals to please the gods
58
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
Religion was a way of life that governed people
59
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
destruction of Muslim military power
restoration of the Byzantine empire
60
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
radical revolutionaries
warrior aristocrats
peasant farmers
middle class merchants
61
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
iron ore and coal
spices and silk
gold and salt
rifles and diamonds
62
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
developed self-sufficient economies
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
received support from European colonial governments
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
63
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
64
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
65
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
great culutral diversity within China's borders
failure of other nations to become interested in China
cultural isolation of China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
66
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
development of the foundation of modern science and math
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
adoption of democratic government
persecution of Jews and Christains
67
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Japan and Tibet
Iran and Thailand
Russia and Iraq
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
68
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
69
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
increase trade and manufacturing
consolidate the political power of the region
eliminate the need for a legal system
provide order during a period of weak central governments
70
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
locations were favorable for trade
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
military power led to industrialization
71
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
social kinship of the Ashanti people
military strategies of the Mali
72
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
73
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
accept medieval W European religious ideas
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
74
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
These had rich history before European contact
The African societies flourished at the same time
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
75
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
crop failures brought on by poor weather
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
wars btwn various native groups
diseases introduced by the Spanish
76
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Italy was politically unified
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
77
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
sites of early civilization
cities of origin for major religions
centers of world trade
Latin American societies
78
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
start of the Renaissance in Italy
decline of Greek city-states
first religious wars in Europe
79
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
the strengthening of the feudal system
an adoption of Islam
increased European isolation
an increased demand of goods from the East
80
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
cultural diffusion
self-determination
imperialism
ethnocentrism
81
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
a decentralized government
an adoption of Christianity
an open democratic society
the many opportunities for social mobility
82
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
increased political power for the clergy
development of towns and cities
lower living standards for industrial workers
83
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
protect the port city of Guangzhou
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
84
Humanism was
belief in the supremacy of the collective
a rejection of ancient civilizations
embracing the separation of church and state
appreciation for the worth of the individual
85
The Byzantine Empire
used a senate as the chief governing body
adapted the Roman principles of justice
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
86
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
outbreak of deadly diseases
fall of Constantinople
introduction of new military
rise of nation states
87
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
practice monotheism
followed a democratic system
consisted of hunters and gatherers
were highly developed and organized
88
The European feudal system represents a society based on
political ability
educational achievement
accumulated wealth
social class
89
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
societies usually developed along river valleys
religion had little developmental influence
men and women had equal employment opportunities
large cities were not established until Europeans came
90
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Scientific Revolution
Middle Ages
Enlightenment
Age of Exploration
91
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
fostering the growth of religion
encouraging formal education
providing social stability
eliminating warfare
92
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
capitalism
mercantilism
industrialism
manorialism
93
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Commercial Revolution
Scientific Revolution
94
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
devotion to religion
obedience to gov't officials
superiority of medieval thought
value of the individual
95
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
elected parliaments
the Roman Catholic Church
national monarchies
the Byzantine emperors
96
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
97
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
increasing power of feudal lords
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
98
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
it was a religious center for Muslims
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
99
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
introduced the Industrial Revolution
led to a decline int he importance of the church
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
100
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
development of extensive trade
military conquest of China
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
formation of cultural links with Europe
101
The European feudal system was
controlled by a powerful middle class
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
designed to promote political and economic equality
supported by the labor of peasants
102
One major result of the Crusades was the
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
long-term decrease in European trade
103
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
promoted equality for women
gained overseas colonies
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
developed a representative government
104
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Gupta Empire
Muslim world
Pax Romana
Aztec Empire
105
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
Europe and Asia
South America and Asia
Africa and Southeast Asia
North America and Europe
106
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
It is better to be loved, than feared
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
107
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Court systems were developed
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
108
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
feudal governments
constitutional monarchies
centralized powers
Communist regimes
109
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
cultural values
imperialist attitudes
rigid social structure
belief in democracy
110
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
in rain forest areas
on major trading routes
in mountainous terrain
in coastal areas
111
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
unite warring Arab peoples
establish Christianity in W Europe
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
112
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
avoiding contact with the West
employing superior military skills
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
113
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
114
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
115
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
a strong central government
rejection of Christian teachings
a thriving system of international trade
limited social mobility
116
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
a decrease in trade and commerce
the creation of democratic governments
the toleration of members of other cultures
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
117
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
118
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
breakdown of central government
fall of Rome
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
decline of trade