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AP WHM Review Unit 1-4 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP WHM Review Unit 1-4
AP WHM Review Unit 1-4
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1
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
2
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created taxation systems
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
3
East Asia. Took power from Ming who took over after Yuan. Confucianism. Machu, Last Imperial Dynasty of China.
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
4
Christianity was able to take root and survive in what part of Africa?
North Africa
East Africa (Ethiopia)
South Africa (Great Zimbabwe)
West Africa (Mali)
5
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
6
The Byzantine Empire was defeated in 1453 by
the Seljuk Turks
the Umayyad caliphate
the Ottomans
the Sassanids
7
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
8
While all of these were carried on the Silk Roads, what would have been the most valuable & prized by a merchant 🤑?
Bulk raw materials like lumber
Religious relics and books
Staple items like food & water
Luxury goods like fine cloth & rugs
9
During the Abbasid Empire, this center of learning was a place for all cultures and religions to interact
House of Wisdom
Taj Mahal
Library of Alexandria
Hagia Sophia
10
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Took Christian children as tributes for the army or civil servants.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
11
Which Muslim group overthrew the Umayyad dynasty, set up a new caliphate, and moved the capital to Baghdad?
Sassanids
Ottomans
Abbasids
Seljuks
12
Which region's religion would have been the LEAST represented in the Indian Ocean network before 1450 C.E.?
A) European Christianity
B) The Middle East's Islam
D) East Asian Buddhism
C) South Asia's Hinduism
13
How did Chinese dynasties such as the Song ensure strong control over their political bureaucracies?
intense examinations based on Confucianism
lack of trade with other societies
toleration of other religions and cultures
strong protective defense measures like The Great Wall
14
M.East/N.Africa/Europe. Turks. Sunni Islam. Beat old Byzantine Empire. Fought Shia Muslims. Ruled by a "Sultan".
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
15
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
16
Which of the following civilizations continued the pattern of Roman Christian civilization?
Ottoman Empire
Anatolian Empire
Byzantine Empire
Abbasid Empire
17
The following map illustrates which of the following processes?
the spread of Buddhism
the spread of the bubonic plague
the spread of Islam
the extent of the Ottoman Empire
18
The strong centralized and hierarchical Roman government eventually collapsed and was replaced in W. Europe by....
Sharia law
feudalism
Persian monarchies
Chinese bureaucracy
19
Europe (West) increased
DEMAND
for luxuries (like silk) = what happened to Asian (East)
SUPPLY
of luxuries?
Supply increased as Asian artisans increased luxury goods production.
Supply stayed constant because Asian artisans ignored European demand.
Supply went down as Asian artisans reduced luxury goods production.
20
Which group, the largest # of adherents to Islam, believed that the caliph should be chosen by the Islamic community?
Shamans
Sunni
Sufis
Shia
21
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region?
South Asia
China
Russia
Middle East
22
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
23
The expansion of Ottoman and Safavid empires led to conflict . What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
24
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy (trade), spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Manchu Qing
the Ottomans
the Mughals
the Safavids
25
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
26
Angkor Wat, in
Southeast Asia
, shows religious syncretism (🕉+☸) between which religions of the 🌊Indian Ocean🌊 Route ?
Confucianism and Buddhism
Hinduism and Buddhism
Christianity and Judaism
Islam and Buddhism
27
The practice of "caravans" on the Trans-Sahara would have reduced the volume of goods that could be carried.
False
True
28
Confucian principle that teaches that children should obey and honor their parents and respect elders.
Mandate of Heaven
tribute system
caste system
filial piety
29
For medieval Europeans, contact with Muslim Spain, the Crusades, and the rise of Italian trading city-states led to
decreased taste for luxury goods
the spread of Islam
significant borrowing of technology
decreased long-distance trade
30
Theravada and Mahayana are branches of
Confucianism
Islam
Buddhism
Hinduism
31
Islam spread rapidly to West Africa primarily through
trade
voluntary conversions to avoid taxes
forced conversions
war and conquest
32
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
33
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Scientific Revolution
The Artistic Renaissance
The Enlightenment
The Age of Exploration
34
How did the Chinese explain the rise and fall of dynasties?
Neo-Confucianism
The Mandate of Heaven
Filial Piety
Feudalism
35
The Chinese population doubled during the Song Dynasty mainly because of
conquest over Japan and Korea
vaccinations and medical experiments to combat the plague
government required pro-natalist policies
the introduction of a drought resistant strain of champa rice
36
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
37
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
38
The Chinese invention of paper
MOST CAUSED
which new commercial practice between 1200 to 1450?
The giving of tributes
Printed money
Use of the # 0 in accounting
Coercive slave labor
39
South Asia. Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
40
Buddhism spread from Northern India to East Asia mainly via
war and conquest
The Silk Roads
the Indian Ocean trade network
extensive network of Roman roads
41
A similarity between Europe and the Song Dynasty in the 1200s is that
both extended rights to women
both were Christian societies
both engaged in holy wars with Muslim caliphates in the Holy Land
both relied on free peasant agricultural labor
42
The network of exchange labelled with a "
B
" on this map is known as...
European Mediterranean Routes
Trans-Saharan (sand) Routes
The Silk Roads
The Indian Ocean (Sea) Routes
43
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
44
Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca; one of the Five Pillars of Islam.
Hajj
Jizya
Sunni
Ka'baa
45
Which factor(s) contributed to the success of the Mongol Empire?
tolerating and eventually converting to others' religions.
incorporating talented foreigners into all parts of their empire.
Mobile warfare & strategies of fear and terror.
protecting & encouraging merchant trade on the silk roads.
46
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
47
Which set of tech./innovations most helped Silk Road travellers overcome ENVIRONMENTAL challenges on the Silk Roads
Dhow ships, junks, & the magnetic compass
Bills of exchange, checks, & paper currency
Paper making, gunpowder, & the astrolabe
Yokes, saddles, & stirrups for domesticated pack animals
48
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
colonies in the Americas.
caravels using lateen sails.
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
silver-backed currencies.
49
Where would you find this structure?
Spain
West Africa
Northern India
Istanbul
50
Which culture ☸ began in South Asia, but then spread rapidly on the Silk Roads to East Asia?
Confucianism
Buddhism
Islam
Christianity
51
Which trade route(s) was most responsible for the diffusion of paper from East Asia to Europe?
The Indian Ocean Sea Route
The Mediterranean Sea Route
The Central Asian Silk Roads
The Trans-Saharan Sand Routes
52
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
53
A mysticism Islamic practice, it was a way to have a closer connection to Allah. Helped Islam spread to India & SE Asia
Sikh
Sunni
Sufi
Shia
54
Which of these effects of trade from 1200 to 1450 is part of the theme of
ECONOMIC
Commercial Practices
?
Paper money, credit, & banking houses improved transaction efficiency.
The power of imperial states grew as they taxed/regulated trade.
The merchant class gained in social prestige in many hierarchies.
Buddhism, and other belief systems, spread along trade routes.
55
Refers to the land of Islam; territories in which Islam and its religious laws may be practiced
jizya
hijira
dar al-Islam
umma
56
There were many urban 🏙 city types, but these "inns and guesthouses for merchants" on the Silk Roads were known as...
Caravanserai
Imperial Capitals
Entrepots
Diasporic Communities
57
Gunpowder, invented in China and diffused by Mongols, EVENTUALLY enabled imperial expansion in Eurasia and the Americas.
True
False
58
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
59
This map emphasizes evidence which could BEST be used to support which of the following claims?
Religions spread on trade routes.
Trade routes led to the growth of cities.
Luxury goods were the primary focus of trade.
Merchants funded building projects.
60
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
61
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
South & Southeast Asia
62
Middle East. Persia. Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
63
The network of exchange labelled with a "
C
" on this map is known as...
The Indian Ocean (Sea) Routes
European Mediterranean Routes
The Silk Roads
Trans-Saharan (sand) Routes
64
Which of the following was an INTERACTION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT cause of Mongol success?
The 'anda' pledge which unified clans under Genghis Khan
Less patriarchy that allowed women to contribute to the army
Vast 'steppe' pastures that could feed both horses and men.
Tolerance of any and all religious traditions
65
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
66
Mound building societies such as the Cahokia and Hopewell would most likely be found in modern day
Peru and Chile
Arizona and New Mexico
Mexico
Missouri, Arkansas, and Tennessee
67
This map demonstrates that "The Black Death"
started in Africa along the Trans-Saharan 'sand' routes.
started in East Asia and spread because of Silk Road trade.
started in Eastern Europe because of the Russian city Kiev.
started in the Middle East because of the Crusades.