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Research Methods - Exam 1
Research Methods - Exam 1
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Exam 1 Quiz for Maxfield & Babbie text: Research Methods for CJ & Criminology. Chapters 1 through 3.
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1
What is the science of knowing?
entomology
epistemology
methodology
modality
2
When a policy change is being considered, the most appropriate study would be:
explorative
applicative
descriptive
explanatory
3
What kind of relationship does the hypothesis indicate?
both
neither
negative
positive
4
Which of the following constitute facts related to variables?
more broad than concepts
variables can only be one value
cannot be observed
the empirical counterpart to a concept
5
We live in a world of two realities known as:
expressed and agreement
experiential and assumed
expressed and assumed
experiential and agreement
6
When reporting your findings, which of the following is not necessary for you to disclose?
any negative finds
any failures of your stud
any negative finds
who your subjects are and what city they live in
7
Which of the following is generally recognized as an ethical procedure for subject selection?
assimilation
correlation
deception
randomization
8
Much of the current social science research has moved from description to:
understanding
explanation
theory
exploration
9
What kind of research is it: Research on a criminaljustice related policy
explanatory
applied
exploratory
descriptive
10
Which of the following is NOT an example of a concept?
indoor temperature
social disorganization
peer group
delinquency
11
Observation involves all of the following EXCEPT:
conducting experiments
interviewing people
statistical manipulation
watching people and detailing what you see
12
Which statement is the most accurate?
harm to subjects may occur if the benefits outweigh the harm
harm to subjects is appropriate if it is only psychological
harm to subjects is never appropriate
harm to subjects is never a real concern
13
Prediction can be made better by observation and remembering regular:
educated guesses
pasts
patterns
assumptions
14
Traditional beliefs about patrol effectiveness, response time, & detective work are examples of
agreement reality
known reality
experiential reality
assumed reality
15
Which of the following is accurate with respect to paradigms?
all statements are accurate
paradigms consist of groups of hypotheses
paradigms are ways of organizing our views
paradigms are hypotheses linked in a logical framework
16
Which of the following cannot be studied scientifically?
the purpose of life
physical attributes of humans
astronomy
changes in the number of elephants in the wild
17
Which of the following is most accurate?
theory must always come before observation
either theory or observation may come first
observation must always come before theory
theory and observation are not related
18
What kind of relationship: Number of dates go down the less frequently someone showers weekly
negative
positive
a fluke
inverse
19
(may have more than one answer!) Identify the attribute of the variable: socioeconomic status
economic class (like middle vs. upper)
receipt of government assistance (like Welfare)
education level
criminal history
20
(may have more than one answer!) Identify the attribute of the variable: Sex
Male
Boy
Feminine
Female
21
Which of the following represents voluntary participation?
asking people on the street at noon to participate
giving small amounts of money to a subject
full disclosure of research purpose with informed consent
using a class of studentsat the local college
22
Identify the DV.
type of people
energy drinks
aggression
23
A promise of anonymityis unlikely to be extended in which of the following techniques?
anonymity is really impossible in all forms of research
personal interviews
questionnaires that do not request identifying information
use of department of corrections summary data
24
What type of research is this: Determine why people have different opinions on the same topic
descriptive
explanatory
applicative
explorative
25
Which of the following is NOT an example of a hypothesis?
those who study daily will have the highest grades
males score higher in math than females.
why is the sky dark at night?
poor kids have higher rates of delinquency than rich kids
26
Which of the following is not a purpose of institutional review boards?
to make sure that grant money is spent appropriately
provide outside or third party judgments
a. to determinewhether adequate safeguards protect subjects
provide expert advice on the resolution of ethical dilemmas
27
What type of research is this: Summarize a week of observations of your local police dept.
explorative
explanatory
applicative
descriptive
28
In social science, rather than focusing upon an individual, we look at whole groups known as
attributes
strata
gangs
aggregates
29
Which of the following is NOT considered a specialpopulation?
ethnic minorities
mental patients
juveniles
prisoners
30
(may have more than one answer!) Identify the attribute of the variable: Education
Type of degree
Type of school
Highest level of educational attainment
Work experience
31
What kind of relationship: The younger the puppy the more people rate it as "cute"
a fluke
positive
inverse
negative
32
A structurethat is intended to representor model something about the world
a theory
a law
a paradigm
a fact
33
What is the DV?
silence vs. TV
Textbook material
comprehension test
34
Identify the IV.
watching in groups or alone
"funny" rating
cartoon
35
Things we know from direct experience are a direct result of which type of reality?
experiential
agreement
assumed
expressed
36
Research asking victims of crime about their experiences have the potential to cause
physical trauma to researcher
falsification of data
crime rates to increase
psychological harm
37
Which of the following is an example of subjectivity?
how much tuition does your university charge
what was your score on your first research methods exam
did Judge Wilson have more mistrials than Judge Hughey
which rap singer do you like the best
38
Criminal justice researchers have ethical obligations to
make shortcomings known to readers
colleagues in the scientific community
all of the above
report negative findings
39
What is the IV?
social media
time
ability to verbally express themselves
40
Values of the dependent variable depend on the:
hypothesis
dependent attribute
independent attribute
independent variable
41
When you repeat a study to see if you achieve similar results, you are doing
too much work!
theoretical repetition
pattern following
replication
42
Hair color; blonde. Which of these is the attribute?
blonde
both
hair color
neither
43
The concept of “observation” in the language of science means
looking at the world and making changes in what is seen
looking at the world through rose colored glasses
looking at the world and making value judgments
looking at the world and making measurements of what is seen
44
Selective observation can be the result of
illogical reasoning
replication
overgeneralization
ideology & politics
45
What kind of relationship does the hypothesis indicate?
negative
both
neither
positive
46
All people are mortal, therefore Socrates is mortal is an example of which type of logic?
hypothesis
observation
deductive
inductive
47
Immunity as part of federal protection from legal action requires
confidential information to be revealed
confidential information to be protected
a. researchers to testify in open court
researchers to prominently display all licenses
48
Identify the DV.
nap
relaxed/less irritable
afternoon
49
Patterns of causeand effect are ____________________in nature
empirical
replicative
probablistic
scientific
50
Identify the IV.
afternoon
relaxed/less irritable
nap
51
The procedures we go through to identify and measure variables is...
Attribute distribution
Operationalization
Generalization
Empiricism
52
Which of the following is an example of a variable?
social class
annual family income
crime
social disorganization
53
When there is pressure to reach a general understanding, there is a tendency toward
miscalculation
illogical reasoning
overgeneralization
inaccurate observations
54
Best example of the potential for inaccurate observations in the criminal justice system is:
correction officers watching potentially suicidal prisoner
eyewitness testimony
police officers at a stake-out
state witnesses at an execution
55
Anonymity in a mailed survey would be especially important if the subject of that survey was
personal drug use
information about use of public transportation
number of dependent children in the household
educational attainment
56
In an inductive approach to policy development, the final step is
analysis of situation
systematic study
monitoring results
collecting data
57
When the relationship between two variables is drawn from a theory,it is said to be:
a paradigm
a fact
a mini theory
a hypothesis
58
Stepping on a thorn for the first time and realizing that it is painful is an example of:
agreement reality
inaccurate observation
a nomothetic explanation
experiential reality
59
Relying on “truths” of our culture & accepting knowledge derived from the majority is called
traditions
myths
reality
agreement
60
What is the DV?
academic potential
Parents' education level
elementary school teachers
61
Scientific inquiry in practice typically involves a relationship between:
hypotheses & methods
theory & policy
deduction & induction
concepts & paradigms
62
What are the two major types of applied research?
evaluation and problem analysis
application and policy analysis
evaluation and policy analysis
problem and policy analysis
63
What type of research is this: Gather base line data, usually because of new technology or law
explanatory
descriptive
explorative
applicative
64
Which type of research frequently involves the inductive method?
field research
experiments
surveys
use of existing data like the UCR
65
Which of the following is necessary to establish informed consent of research subjects?
telling subjects the purpose of the research
telling subjects about the procedures that will be used
telling subjects about the possible research risks
a. telling subjects the results of the research
66
What is the IV?
elementary school teachers
Parents' education level
academic potential
67
(may have more than one answer!) Identify the attribute of the variable: Race
Black
Italian
Hispanic
Asian
68
What type of research is this: Determine whether a new policy on underage drinking works
explanatory
explorative
descriptive
applicative
69
(may have more than one answer!) Identify the attribute of the variable: Criminal behavior
probation status
number of felonies
frequency of illegal activity
arrest history
70
Characteristics or qualities that describe an object are known as:
attributes
objectives
variables
descriptions
71
What is the IV?
comprehension test
Textbook material
silence vs. TV
72
What are three major aspects of the overall scientific enterprise?
theory, data analysis, funding
theory, data collection, data analysis
theory, data collection, selective observation
data collection, data analysis, funding
73
Two pillars of science are:
logic & data
logic & observation
methods & discussion
research & development
