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AP Psych Midterm D Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Midterm D
AP Psych Midterm D
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1
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
extinction
2
What is an example of functional fixedness?
using a shoe as a hammer
eating an eraser
treating a friend like a therapist
refusing to open a can with a welding chisel instead of a can opener
3
Correlation equals Causation
False
True
4
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
5
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
location of injury
spinal cord
thalamus
6
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
crystallized
episodic
procedural
fluid
7
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
predictability
representativeness
consistency
8
Which type of bias causes people to think that the outcome was obvious to them only after the fact
Anchoring
Conformation
Halo Effect
Hindsight
9
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
prenatals
teratogens
pathogens
10
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
limbic system
reticular formation
cerebellum
11
What type of reflex makes a baby curl it's foot when the sole of the foot is stroked
rooting
babinski
badabing
moro
12
Focuses not just on behavior, but on mental processes, internal mental states, and problem solving strategies
Humanistic Psychologists
Clinical Psychologists
Behavioral Psychologists
Cognitive Psychologists
13
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
post-conventional moral reasoning
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
14
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
15
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
16
Under Baumrind's parenting styles the authoritative parent has a 'my way of the highway' attitude
False
True
17
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
longitundinal
time of testing
cross-sectional
18
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
narcotics
alcohol
LSD
cannabis
19
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
20
A teacher reviews test scores and realizes that the mean score was higher than the median.
The distribution of scores for the test is positively skewed
range of of scores is the difference between the mean + median
The distribution of scores is multimodal
The standard deviation is equal to the mean
21
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
mechanical
spatial
logical-mathemathical
22
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
23
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
decibels
timbre
loudness
24
Double Blind Studies accomplish all of the following EXCEPT
promote ethical considerations
produce confounding variables
attempt to eliminate bias
promote generalizability
25
The mean will be higher than the median in any distribution that
is positively skewed
is symmetrical
represents measures for a random sample
represents measures for a biased sample
26
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
a personality test
27
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
28
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
reasoning
creativity
intelligence
29
What type of neurons are associated with observational learning
ganglion
afferent
mirror
mimic
30
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
iris
lens
vitreous humor
31
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
32
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
latent learning
33
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
closure
similiarity
constancy
34
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
logical reasoning
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
35
Habituation allows a person or baby to become hyper aware of stimuli
True
False
36
The Binet scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
IQ
a percentile score
mental age
37
Unusually vivid and detailed 'photograph' recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
38
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
39
Seeing a rapid series of slightly different images right after the other as movement is
Retinal Disparity
Stroboscopic Movement
Perceptual Constancy
Top Down Processing
40
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
classical conditioning
punishment
operant conditioning
41
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
Recollected
retrieved
modeled
encoded
42
A disadvantage of longitudinal studies is
gender differences in reflecting on their own insight
old people get confused
age differences in problem solving
those who drop out may be significantly different from those who stay
43
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
44
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
endocrine system
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
45
What is necessary for an experiment?
DV
Hypothesis
Cause and Effect
Independent Variable
46
Which of the following is NOT a confounding variable
The Hawthorne Effect
Hindsight Bias
Dependent Variable
Wording Effect
47
Which is NOT a basic ethical right of participants
Anonymity
informed consent
protection against deception
Protection against coercion
48
Quantitatively backed up studies that examine the relationship between two variables without manipulating either
Correlational Studies
Longitudinal Research Study
Survey Research Study
Experiment
49
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
sensory memory
50
Which ethical institution protects animals
SSRI
IACUC
IRB
APA
51
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
long-term
intermediate-term
sensory
52
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
postconventional
preconventional
concrete
53
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
54
The debate of whether development occurs gradually or through a series of distinct stages is
nature vs. nurture
cross-sectional vs. longitudinal
Cognitive vs. Unconscious
continuity vs. discontinuity
55
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
56
cross-sectional methods frame psychological approaches by
test how subjects interact with participants outside of their grouping
relate research to case studies
comparing two or more groups at a single point in time
analyzing a group or more over a long period of time
57
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
58
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
59
The gambler's fallacy of 'I'm on a roll, I'll keep winning' reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
60
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
reinforcement
