During fight or flight, the __ causes increased bodily activity, whereas the __ decreases it.

Sympathetic Nervous System, Parasympathetic Nervous System

Name the four lobes of the brain

Temporal, Occipital, Parietal, Frontal

Milgram’s Obedience study concluded that:

Normal people will obey even if it means hurting someone.

What did James & Functionalism focus on in the early days of psychology?

How does consciousness help us adapt to our environment?

Why is being optimistic associated with better health?

Optimist people have less stress

What did Asch’s study of conformity demonstrate?

Most people conform even when the majority is wrong

When not stimulated a neuron has __, While firing it is acting on its __.

Resting Potential, Action Potential

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Intro Psych Review for Final

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Questions 129

Answers

1
During fight or flight, the __ causes increased bodily activity, whereas the __ decreases it.
Sympathetic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System
Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System, Parasympathetic Nervous System
2
A charity asks you to donate $100 & you say no. But you say yes when asked to give $10. This is
Bait and Switch Technique
Foot in the Door Technique
Door in the Face Technique
Low ball technique
3
One difference between Classical and Operant conditioning is that classical uses reinforcement
True
False
4
A child knows 2 glasses have equal water despite being different sizes.They're in what stage?
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Sensorimotor
5
From around 1920 to around 1970, which of these approaches dominated psychological research?
Psychoanalytic theory
Behaviorism
Structuralism
Functionalism
6
You let your kids discuss their bed times with you and they help make other house rules
Neglectful
Permissive
Authoritative
Authoritarian
7
A student drops his books in the hall.You assume other students will help so you don't. This is
Bystander Intervention
Diffusion of responsibility
Conformity
8
Which type of person is LESS likely to experience road rage when they get stuck in traffic?
Type B
Type A
9
Stereotypes are always offensive and wrong.
True
False
10
Rob saw a man steal a girl’s purse.He calls 911 to describe what he saw. This is called:
Altruism
Witness Action
Diffusion of responsibility
Bystander Intervention
11
Name the four lobes of the brain
Frontal, Cerebral, Temporal, Anterior
Anterior, Posterior, Frontal, Temporal
Temporal, Occipital, Parietal, Frontal
Parietal, Frontal, Temporal, Cerebral
12
Punishment decreases the rate of behavior
False
True
13
Milgram’s Obedience study concluded that:
Less-educated people will obey more than educated people
Normal people will obey even if it means hurting someone.
Women will use stronger shocks than men will.
14
A kid gets hit by a motorcycle, but he isn't afraid of bicycles or cars. This is an example of
Discrimination
Shaping
Operant Conditioning
Generalization
15
What did James & Functionalism focus on in the early days of psychology?
How does consciousness help us adapt to our environment?
What are the basic, elemental structures of the mind?
Which brain areas are most important for intelligence?
How do reinforcement and punishment shape our behaviors?
16
Why is being optimistic associated with better health?
Optimist people have less stress
Optimistic people eat more
Optimistic people sleep better
17
Fear messages are most effective if they describe a danger and give no course of action.
False
True
18
Every time you come to a TA's office hours you get 5 points, this schedule of reinforcement is
Fixed Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Variable Interval
19
Watching a soccer game, you know who is on which team because of the grouping law
continuity
similarity
proximity
closure
20
What did Asch’s study of conformity demonstrate?
People only conform while timed.
People will always conform while in groups
Most people conform even when the majority is wrong
21
When looking at a picture closer objects partially block further objects. This is the depth cue
linear perspective
texture gradients
light and shadow
interposition
22
The memory system that holds an infinite amount of info for an eternity is known as
Short term memory
Working memory
Sensory memory
Long term memory
23
When a once reinforced behavior stops being reinforced and goes away its called
Deshaping
Sudden Recall
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
24
Objects higher on the visual field seem more distant. This is the depth cue ____
interposition
interposition
linear perspective
elevation
25
What is the primary cell of the nervous system?
Synapse
Neuron
Neurotransmitter
Synapsis
26
You can't remember info from lecture, but if you go back into the lecture hall you do. This is
state dependent memory
In the moment memory
sensory memory
27
The influence of experience and expectations on our perceptions is called
a monocular cue
depth perception
gestalt psychology
a perceptual set
28
Someone would have trouble with hearing after experiencing damage to which lobe?
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Anterior
29
Neurons are separated by a small gap. This specialized junction between neurons is the
Myelin
Synapse
Neurotransmitter
Dendrite
30
A child watches an adult hit a doll. The kid then also hits the doll. This is an example of
Observational Learning
Teaching
Shaping
Naturalistic Observation
31
In Pavlov's dogs experiment, what was the food?
Conditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Unconditioned Stimulus
32
___ are cells in the eye responsible for color vision
Foveas
Cones
Rods
33
The long, thin fiber that carries a signal from the cell body toward other neurons is the ___.
Dendrites
Cell Body
Terminal button
Axon
34
Negative Reinforcement ___________
decreases the rate of behavior
Has no effect on the behavior
increases the rate of behavior
Stops the behavior
35
____ psychology focuses on how people think and reason.
Social
Biological
Developmental
Cognitive
36
Remembering NASA and FBI instead of NASAFBI is an example of ______ in short term memory
recording
chunking
short term memory
procedural memories
37
Stress can cause you to sleep less and eat poorly. This is an example of:
Direct effects of stress
Indirect effects of stress
38
If one were to damage their occipital lobe, what sense would see the most impairment?
Sight
Tactile
Olfactory
Hearing
39
Object size, shadows, texture gradient, and detail are ____ cues to depth
monocular
binocular
40
Someone studying how personality is similar/different between adults in different countries is
biological psychologist
cognitive psychologist
cross cultural psychologist
developmental psychologist
41
In interference learning new materials make it harder to remember old material, this is...
Proactive interference
retroactive interference
42
Which of the following is NOT one of the six basic emotions?
Surprise
Happiness
Confusion
Sadness
43
A kid gets bit by a rat. He then starts to also fear bunnies & hamsters. This is an example of
Classical Conditioning
Shaping
Generalization
Discrimination
44
Which of the following is NOT one of the main elements of emotion?
Physiological Arousal
Expressions
Personality
Feelings
45
You hear a song on the radio & it triggers a memory of an old girlfriend. This is an example of
memory
retrieval cue
shaping
mood-latent memories
46
The best way to study is in short periods, starting many days before the exam
true
false
47
When not stimulated a neuron has __, While firing it is acting on its __.
Resting Potential, Active Potential
Passive Potential, Active Potential
Passive Potential, Action Potential
Resting Potential, Action Potential
48
When an action potential reaches the terminal bouton, it releases a ___
Neruochemical Link
SSRI
Neurotransmitter
Synaptic Converging Agent
49
___ model says memory is like a computer; info enters the system, is processed, coded, stored
information processing model
eyewitness testimony model
probabilistic learning
tricromatic model
50
The 4 identity statuses are achievement-moratorium-foreclosure-diffusion
True
False
51
Which of the following is NOT a way to overcome prejudice?
Cooperative work
Bringing diverse groups together
Treating everyone equally
Promoting individual thinking
52
A _____ is the researcher's prediction about the outcome of an experiment.
Train of Thought
Hypothesis
Theory
Method
53
A baby uses mom as a secure base & is easily calmed when she returns after a brief separation
Insecure Avoidant
Disorganized
Insecure Ambivalent
Secure
54
_______ involves actively addressing the problem and trying to control the situation.
Emotion-focused coping
Coping by reappraisal
Problem-focused Coping
55
Acccording to Piaget, a mental framework for organizing & interpreting information is a(n)
Schema
Conservation
Assimilation
Accomodation
56
Nina is always stressed out and busy. She multitasks a lot. What’s her personality type?
Type A
Type B
57
The electrical charge of a neuron that is firing a message is called the
action potential
resting potential
58
What do correlational studies provide us with?
Data on the relationship between two or more variables
Nothing
An in-depth look at an individual's case history
A causal link between two or more variables
59
According to ___ we can store info at various levels, from superficial to very deep.
levels of analysis theory
Long term memory theory
Depth of processing theory
60
When trying to recall your new phone #, you can only remember the old one, this is known as
retroactive interference
proactive interference
61
Piaget's term for when we modify our schemas to account for new information is
Conservation
Accommodation
Abstraction
Assimilation
62
This method of sampling is used to ensure people of diverse groups/backgrounds are included.
Convenience
Cross-Cultural
Random
Diversity
63
Repeating info over and over to keep it in short term memory is known as
revision
chunking
rehearsal
recall
64
Which area of psychology focuses on understanding how people change over the lifespan?
Developmental
Social
Clincal
Biological
65
Roy.G.Biv is considered to be
part of the long term memory
interference
Mneumonic
SPAR Technique
66
When an neuron fires it ___
Fires in slow bursts followed by quick bursts
Slowly winds up
Fires at increasing speeds as it becomes more active
Either fires or does not
67
While collecting data for a survey, Sarah takes her sample from her neighbors, What is this?
Cross cultural sample
Convenience Sampling
Representative Sampling
Random sampling
68
What are the branch-like structures which receive signals from other neurons?
Myelin Sheaths
Dendrites
Axons
Cell Body
69
This part of the nervous system controls internal organs & glands and involuntary processes
Autonomic Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
70
Which parenting style is associated with the healthiest outcomes for children?
Permissive
Authoritative
Neglectful
Authoritarian
71
Groupthink is when groups tend to make more extreme decisions than individuals.
True
False
72
In the appraisal model of stress, which is NOT a type of primary appraisal?
Stressful
All of the above are types of appraisal
Positive
Irrelevant
73
Most body language is universal while facial expressions vary depending on the culture.
False
True
74
___ focused on discovering the basic building blocks of mental experience
Behaviorism
Functionalism
Structuralism
Humanistic psychology
75
Which of the following lists the primary parts of a neuron
Neurotransmitter, V1 Receptor, Cell Body, and Myelin
Axon, V1 Receptor, Cell Body, and Sodium-Potassium Pump
Axon, Dendrite, Golgi Body, and Myelin
Dendrite, Cell Body, Axon, Myelin
76
What are the 3 basic memory systems in the information processing model?
sensory, systematic, storage
mnemonics, encoding specificity, depth of processing
encoding, entry memory, retrieval
sensory, short term memory, long term memory
77
In an experimental design, the ____ is the manipulated variable.
Extraneous Variable
Dependent Variable
Lurking Variable
Independent Variable
78
John wants to study the Central Nervous system, which parts of it will he observe?
The Brain
The Brain and the Spinal Cord
Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
The central nervous system also refers to the whole system
79
__ says we see color by comparing patterns of light coming from different parts of the retina
Trichromatic theory
Retinex theory
Color processing theory
Opponent process theory
80
In Pavlov's dog experiment salivating at the sound of the bell was the
CR
CS
UCR
UCS
81
Which type of psychologist would be most interested in genetics, brain functions, & hormones?
Cognitive
Clinical
Cross cultural
Biological
82
Which of the following is an example of the central route of persuasion?
An ad that always persuades viewers
An ad that makes you laugh
An ad with celebrities in it
An ad that carefully evaluates the product
83
Chasing happiness and making lots money are the best ways to increase your happiness.
True
False
84
Social psychologists focus mainly on how
brain structures influence behaviors.
people of different cultures are similar/different.
to understand disorders and how to treat them.
people influence each other.
85
To determine cause and effect, you should us a(n)
Correlational study
Survey
Case study
Experiment
86
A(n) __ is a statement that specifies the procedures used to produce or measure something.
Hypothesis
Theory
Operational Definition
Methods
87
A kid who avoids its parent in the same room has an insecure ambivalent attachment style
True
False
88
As Nora gets older, her thought processes speed up. What process are her neurons undergoing?
Temporal Distortion
Myelination
Cerebral Transformation
Synapsis
89
What kind of sample is purposefully selected to share the qualities of its population?
Random Sample
Representative Sample
Intermediate Sample
Convenience Sample
90
Retinal disparity as well as convergence depend on the sight of both eyes, these are known as
monocular cues
accommodation cues
depth cues
binocular cues
91
__memory records incoming info for a fraction of a sec, then is lost if you don't pay attention
short term memory
state dependent memory
Long term memory
Sensory Memory
92
Some people are naturally happier than others. This depends on their “happiness set point”.
False
True
93
Josie nods her head (instead of saying yes) when Grandma asks her a question over the phone.
Conservation
Abstract thinking
Object permanence
Egocentric thinking
94
Through this method, every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.
Representative Sampling
Tau-Alpha Sampling
Random Sampling
Convenience Sampling
95
In an experiment this group receives treatment.
Control Group
Test Group
Experimental Group
Fixed group
96
You got a bad grade on an essay but you say, “I’ll learn from my mistake and improve”. This is
Problem focused coping
Cognitive preappraisal
Emotion focused coping
97
At a school you observe kids (in a non-creepy way) & compare 2nd vs. 4th graders. This is a
Cross sectional design
Longitudinal design
98
When you are confused and trying to find a path to identity what identity status are you in?
Foreclosure
Diffusion
Achievement
Moratorium
99
___ says you will act to reduce discomfort when your beliefs and behaviors are inconsistent.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Conformity
Persuasion Technique
100
Every review session you come to you get extra credit points so you keep going to them, this is
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Punishment
Positive Punishment
Negative Reinforcement
101
Which is the best operational definition of grief?
being sad because you have lost a loved one
feeling down and depressed
number of minutes spent crying in a day
unhappiness
102
Every 10 minutes your teacher praises you, what schedule of reinforcement are you on
Fixed Interval
Variable Ratio
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
103
According to ___ theory, we perceive colors in terms of paired opposites.
Opponent process theory
Trichromatic theory
Color processing theory
Retinex theory
104
A well-formed theory is ____, meaning that you can see what evidence would count against it.
Disputable
Adjustable
Falsifiable
Malleable
105
Diff types of music are played while you study a list. Memory for the list is tested. The DV is
type of music
people in the study
memory for the list
106
Someone interested in understanding how to treat people with depression is a __ psychologist.
biological
cognitive
clinical
cross cultural
107
A Preoperational child can interpret symbols
True
False
108
Training a behavior by reinforcing behaviors closer and closer to the actual goal is
Extinction
Generalization
Classical Conditioning
Shaping
109
An activity like gambling/slot machines is an example of what type of reinforcement schedule
Variable ratio
Fixed ratio
Variable Interval
Fixed Interval
110
The General Adaptation Syndrome is an example of how stress directly effects our health.
True
False
111
Which memory system holds 7 bits of information for a brief period of time?
Sensory memory
Working memory
Long term memory
Short term memory
112
Name the term that refer to depth cues that require just one eye
monocular cues
depth perception
movement
binocular cues
113
John gives one group a treatment, but not the other, what is the second group called?
Competitive Group
Representative group
Experimental group
Control group
114
We tend to perceive objects that are close to each other as a group. This is the grouping law
proximity
closure
similarity
continuity
115
Diff types of music are played while you study a list. Memory for the list is tested. The IV is
type of music
memory for the list
people in the study
116
The small steps used in shaping a behavior in operant conditioning are called
Reinforcements
Punishments
Task analysis
Successive approximations
117
According to the appraisal model of stress, a threat appraisal is:
Anticipating damage in the future
Seeing potential gain but it’s going to take work
Seeing event as easy to change
118
To get a person to agree to an initial offer, then switch the offer to a less desirable one is:
Foot in the Door Technique
Bait and Switch Technique
That's not all technique
Door in the Face Technique
119
You miss curfew. When you get home, dad yells at you & grounds you for 4 months. This parent is
Indulgent
Neglectful
Authoritative
Authoritarian
120
If a behavior seems extinct, but then reappears this is an example of
Sudden Recall
Reinforcement
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
121
The SPAR technique for enhancing memory when reading a text is
survey, predict, administer, review
study, preface, ask, recall
survey, process meaningfully, ask questions, review
scan, process, add, remember
122
A kid cries, so you take away his xbox. If the child cries less often, this is an example of
Negative Punishment
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Punishment
123
An unconditioned response occurs naturally/reflexively
True
False
124
Many people miss the 2nd "the" when they see "flowers bloom in the the spring." This is due to
messed up figure/ground relationship
a lack of depth perception
perceptual illusions
perceptual set
125
In what theory does color vision depend on the relative response of 3 types of cones?
opponent process theory
color processing theory
trichromatic theory
retinex theory
126
What is a correlation coefficient?
A measure of goodness of fit
Mathematical estimate of good or bad data
Mathematical estimate of the causality between variables
Mathematical estimate of the relationship between variables
127
You go to a school to observe 2nd graders & then observe them every year until 5th grade.
Longitudinal Design
Cross Sectional Design
128
Titchener founded which school of psychology?
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Structuralism
129
When kids CAN think about abstract & hypothetical concepts, what stage are they in
Concrete Operational
Preoperational
Formal Operational
Sensorimotor

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