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GIANT WHAP REVIEW
GIANT WHAP REVIEW
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1
The nation-state
Was embraced by the Ottoman empire
Promoted harmony among Europeans
Arose in Europe because of its diversity of cultural groups
Was incompatible with absolute monarchies
2
The Protestant Reformation
Spread due to advances in Chinese and European technology
Became the basis of Enlightenment thought
Strengthened the authority of the papacy
Diminished the achievements of the Commercial Revolution
3
The Persians
Continued the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia
Failed to establish a unified empire
Were noted for their harsh treatment toward conquered people
Introduced a religion similar to the structure of Hinduism
4
Early urban dwellers
Saw the need for a government
Left the religious practices to agricultural peoples
Were dominated by people in agricultural settlements
Were offered few chances to carry out specialized tasks
5
Sugar plantations
Were the ultimate destination of the first Portuguese slaves
Especially valued slaves from Western Africa
Were initially founded in the Caribbean
6
The influence of nomadic peoples in Eurasia
Delayed the interaction of global commercial networks
Brought efficient administration to Eurasia
Ended with the Mongols
Created a relationship between nomads and settled peoples
7
Indian Ocean trade
Declined with the fall of classical empires
Linked all areas of the Indian Ocean basin except Africa
Saw mariners use the geographic forces of the Indian Ocean
Failed to establish connections with land routes
8
Japan's greatest challenge to industrialize was
Competition between the government and the zaibatsu
It's geography
Continued presense of the shogunate
Lack of government cooperation
9
The period of greatest population decline in Europe during the Middle Ages was
The 10th to 13th centuries
The 15th century
The 14th century
The 5th and 6th centuries
10
The Mughal empire
Produced art and architecture that reflected syncretism
Controlled the entire Indian subcontinent
Failed to ease tensions between Hindus and Muslims in India
11
Industrial revolution in Great Britain
Initiated an interest in global trade
Followed a similar revolution in the US
Was facilitated because of the enclosure movement
Received little government support
12
Egyptian trade
Weakend after the opening of the Suez Canal
Didn't suffer from competition with Europe
Was dependent on the exportation of a single crop
Improved as a result of Muhammad Ali's policies
13
The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization in
Its extent to which its culture was diffused
Its reliance on natural defense barriers
Its political structure
Its system of social stratification
14
The decline of Han China
Saw Daoism, rather than Confucianism, gaining popularity
Resulted in the decline of Buddhism in China
Like Rome, saw invaders permanently dominate the empire
Sae the end of Chinese established traditions
15
The position of the Chinese scholar-gentry
Was mimicked by the Japanese
Declined during the Song Dynasty
Weekend efforts to curb nomadic invasions
Was admired by the Vietnamese
16
European exploration through the mid-15th century
Produced intense rivalries with East Asian civilizations
Depended upon the knowledge of the eastern world
Suffered from a lack of technological expertise
Placed merchants in conflict with monarchs
17
The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
Were global movements
Both held that reason could be used to improve humanity
Broke completely with classical traditions
18
South Africa
Saw the beginnings of racial divisions during colonial rule
Became an egalitarian society under Dutch rule
Saw British enslavement of native peoples
19
The Protestant and Catholic reformations were like in there
Emphasis on education
Reliance on church councils
Views towards papal authority
Abandonment of church traditions
20
European explorations
Sought to break established trade monopolies
Were dependent on European technological innovation
Promoted harmony among the nations of Europe
Concentrated on the Americas
21
New scientific and artistic expressions in the west in the 19th century
Created new frontiers in physics
Relied on reason in literacy expression
Supported traditional beliefs
22
The Black Death
Changed the course of political institutions
Was most devastating in north Africa
Originated in Europe
Spread solely along routes of Mongol conquest
23
The rule of classical India included
The Aryan writing language
Vedic traditional literature
The egalitarian Aryan society
Aryan agricultural knowledge
24
Daoism and Confucianism
Taught that political involvement was essential to a society
Agreed on the importance of education
Disagreed on the need for personal reflection
Based their teachings on Chinese traditions
25
Common to most early industrial nations was the development of
Steel manufacturing
Zaibatsu
Railroads
Unions
26
As a result of hemispheric trade between 1450 and 1750
The entire globe was linked by numerous active trade routes
European wealth and commercial dominance increased
The work of African artisans found new markets
27
During the agricultural revolution, women
Observed and studied the agricultural environment
Experienced a decrease in status
Weren't represented in neolithic art
Participated in hunting activities with men
28
The Renaissance
Was a result of the crusades
What is a movement of uniquely Western origins
Represented a complete break from medieval traditions
Began in the Eastern Roman empire
29
The end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
Was resisted by Great Britain
Occurred about the time of the emancipation of Russian surfs
Received widespread support of African kings
Began with Brazil
30
The declining years of Han China and the Roman empire shared all of the following EXCEPT
Attack by powerful neighboring states
Poor harvests
Unequal land distribution
Epidemic disease
31
Industrialization in Egypt
Gave new freedoms to lower classes
Resulted from disharmony in the Muslim world
Was accomplished without government support
Decreased Egypt's dependency on the west
32
Silk road trade
Bypassed Mesopotamia
Was confined to land routes across Asia
Established links between the empires of Han China and Rome
Florished despite constant interferences from nomadic tribes
33
Medieval Europe
Extended to local schools found on the manor
Produced urban areas that rivaled those of European empires
Developed banking institutions from multicultural contacts
Saw the rise of universities
34
The Netherlands established commercial/colonial interests in all of the following areas EXCEPT
Southern Africa
Western Africa
North America
Japan
35
Buddhism
Opposed Confucian ideals of patriarchal families
Was the adopted faith of Gupta rulers
Changed to teach that common people could reach nirvana
36
The Neolithic age
Saw the beginnings of urbanization
Saw a decline in global populations
Saw agriculture carried out without the use of metal tools
Produced societlies without class distinctions
37
The decline of Gupta India
Saw the increased power of local princes
Occurred without pressure from invading peoples
Resulted in the decline of traditional Indian culture
Didn't result in the fragmentation of the country
38
Population patterns in the 19 century
Showed growth restricted to the Western world
showed limited growth among working classes
Were affected by the Columbian exchange of the last period
Showed decline in east Asia and growth in Western Europe
39
The agricultural revolution
Saw the use of agricultural methods that inspired migration
was an abrupt process beginning in 8000 BCE
occurred about the same time throughout the world
began with an extensive pattern of cultural diffusion
40
The early civilization with the least-developed technology was
Egyptian
Sumerian
Mesoamerican
Harrapan
41
Both the Aztecs and Incas
Built on the traditions of their predecessors
Were originally nomadic people
Integrated conquered peoples into their empire
Allowed women a significant role in public life
42
Early medieval Europe's strongest state was
England
France
The Holy Roman Empire
The Papal States
43
The position of Chinese women
Resulted in greater freedoms under Neo-Confucianism
Was more restrictive under the Tang than under the Song
Was defined by Confucianism
Changed markedly between the 7th and 13th centuries
44
Under both the Han and Roman empires
A time of peace settled over both empires
Imperial roads were connected to the Silk Roads
New territories were added to the empire
All of the above
45
The Ottoman empire
Unlike the Mughal empire, was not a gun powder empire
Was unsuccessful in controlling European territory
Reached its height around 1750
Weakend because its technology fell behind that of Europe
46
The Indus Valley civilization
Was isolated from other River Valley civilizations
Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders
Is the best studied through it's written records
Relied heavily on communal planning
47
Under Mongol rule in China
Chinese educational traditions were maintained
Japan and Vietnam were brought under Mongol control
Chinese women were placed in a more subordinate position
Chinese regional rulers were allowed to govern
48
An example of diffusion rather than independent invention is the
Mayan concept of zero as a place holder
Sumerian use of the wheel
Origin of the Greek alphabet
Cultivation of the banana in southeast Asia
49
The natives of North America
Established tribute empires
Build empires on the scale of those of Mesoamerica
Used architectural designs similar to those of Mesoamerica
50
Both the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment
Relied on reason over faith
Lowered the status of women
Questioned political authority
Upheld church traditions
51
As a result of the Opium War
The Chinese silver supply was restored
Great Britain acquired Hong Kong
The Qing dynasty over took to Ming
The importation of opium to China increased
52
Within Africa, the slave trade
Increased African dependence on European nations
Had little effect on central African kingdoms
Decreased the value of women slaves
Promoted unity amoung African kingdoms
53
As a new faith, Islam gained strength
First in Mecca, then throughout the Arabian peninsula
Because of rules of succession
Within portions of the former Roman Empire
54
Christianity
Was not a missionary religion
Remained a religion of the Roman empire
Taught the forgiveness of sins through faith in Jesus
Failed to utilize the public works of the Roman empire
55
Both Hinduism and Buddhism
Became increasingly popular in India
Supported the caste system
None of the above
Revered women
56
The Columbian exchange
Created both positive and adverse effects on population
Drew the world's oceans into an active trade network
Didn't involve Africa
Improved the nutrition of American indigenous peoples
57
One of the weaknesses of the early Muslim empires was
Failure to resolve questions of succession
Insistance on conversion of non-Arabs within the empire
Disregard for the cultural traditions of conquered peoples
Indifference to the Sunni and Shi'ite split
58
Shang China
Contributed to the development of China's central government
Was prevented by natural barriers from trading
Was less urbanized than the Nile Valley civilization
Left no decipherable written records
59
The American and the French revolutions were alike in all of the following ways EXCEPT
They produced documents that defined similar natural rights
They both brought increased political power for women
They were prompted by issues of taxation
60
During the period of the late Roman empire, Christianity
Appealed primarily to elite classes
Experienced a change in its official status
Became less organized as the empire fell
Declined in numbers because of persecutions
61
Enlightenment thought
Resembled renaissance thought
Resulted in harsher punishments for criminals
Treated children as miniature adults
Wasn't embraced by the woman's movement
62
Muhammad
Established clear class distinctions for Islamic society
Built on the religious traditions of the Arabian Peninsula
Made provisions for the future leadership of Islam
63
Among the common migration patterns in the 19th century was
Migration for religious reasons
migration from Latin America to Mediterranean Europe
middle-class migration from countryside to city
The discontinuation of shelter colonies
64
The Eastern portion of the Roman empire
Was a center of trade, art, and architecture
Competed with the Parthians and Sassanids for trade
Successfully restored the boundaries of the Western empire
Didn't experience pressure from invaders
65
Earliest civilizations in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres were similar in
Their technological knowledge
Their location at similar latitudes
Their reliance on the flooding of major rivers
Their practice of polytheism
66
Compared to the Spanish Empire, that of the Portuguese
Was more global in its extent
Developed a more egalitarian society
Was less influenced by the Roman Catholic Church
Developed a better relationship with Indian inhabitants
67
Nationalism
Served as both a unifying and a divisive force
Brought tolerance for diversity within the Russian Empire
Eased tensions within Austrian Empire
Delayed the unification of both Italy and Germany
68
Colonialism in India
Decreased nationalist feelings among Indians
Brought an end to tensions between Muslim and Hindus
Was facilitated by the breakup of the Mughal Empire
69
Latin American trade
Relied on the increased slave trade of the late 19th century
Caused great Britain to support the Monroe doctrine
Decreased after the 1820s
Relied on exports of manufactured goods
70
The Five Pillars
Are included in the Quran
Provide unity within Islam
Are inattentive to distinctions in social class
71
Mercantilism
Sparked further rivalries among European nations
Encouraged the importation of foreign goods
Brought long-term prosperity to Europe
Supported free trade
72
All of the following Chinese traditions and achievements began under the Han dynasty EXCEPT
Expansion into central Asia
Confucian philosophy
The civil service exam
Paper manufacture
73
Early societies of South America
Built upon Mesoamerican cultural traditions
Was challenged by geographic limitations
Developed societies that had no knowledge of metals
Traded widely with regions to their north
74
The Ottoman Empire
Resisted economic reforms
Supported policies that benefited local artisans
Saw trade between non-Muslims and European merchants
Refused to accept foreign loans
75
From the time of the Roman Republic to the Pax Romana
Roman civilization became increasingly weaker
Roman citizenship became increasingly rare
Rome became increasingly democratic
The territory of Rome continued to expand
76
Interactions between Muslims and Europeans during the 1600's are most commonly found in the
Arctic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific ocean
Atlantic ocean
77
The English and French engaged in rivalries over territory in
East Africa
China
Indonesia
North Africa
78
The trans-Atlantic slave trade
Increased after the establishment of sugar plantations
carried the majority of slaves to North America
Carried more women than men
79
During the classical period, Africa
Lost contact with classical civilizations
Was cut off from global trade patterns
Repelled Christian missionary efforts
Saw new technology used in trans-Saharan travel
80
The Abbasid dynasty
Proved the high point of Muslim cultural achievement
Creates a social rift between Arabs and new converts
Healed the rift between Sunnis and Shi'ites
81
The area in which Islam showed the most change during the 7th to the 15th centuries was in
The development of the shariah
The status of slaves
It's treatment toward People of the Book
The role of women
82
Confucianism and early Buddhism
Emphasized the importance of effective government
Included a belief in nirvana
Did not believe that their founders were gods
Became the dominant philosophy of their respective regions
83
Hinduism
Gained little acceptance outside India
Addressed the consequences of one's behavior
Offered no hope from members of lower castes
Was based on traditions of the Harappan civilization
84
Economic imperialism
Was the most common imperialist model in Africa
Didn't lead to direct political control over new territories
Led to colonial dependence upon industrialized nations
Led to industrialization of Latin America
85
Trade among the peoples of the Americas
Remained local
United the Chimor and Inca people
Was most similar in the Aztec and Toltec societies
Was facilitated in the Andes by geography
86
The declining years of the Qing dynasty saw
The influence of foreign nations
The end of the opium trade
The long-term acceptance of the self-strengthening movement
Invasion by nomadic people north of the Great Wall
87
During the Gupta dynasty
Arabic numerals originated in India
Hinduism and Buddhism became the official religions of India
Slavery increased
The government of India became more centralized
88
Japanese feudalism
United peasants and elite classes
Brought a temporary end to internal conflicts
Revolve around the power of the samurai as warlords
Saw the beginnings of a centralized Japan
89
The 15th century was characterized by
The strengthening of nation-states in England and France
The decentralization of political power in Spain
The beginning of nation-states in Italy and Germany
90
All of the following describe the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT that
It described the nature of the universe
It emphasized the value of research
It was modeled on Chinese philosophy
91
Results of cultural diffusion among early civilizations included
The legend of Quetzalcoatl
Harappan sewage systems
The cultivation of potatoes
The invention of the wheel
92
Attempts to save the Roman empire from ruin included
The establishment of a new capital in the eastern empire
The emancipation of Roman slaves
The division of the latifundia
