stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
163 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
28 plays
#appsychology
Flashcards
163 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
163
Answers
1
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
2
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
3
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
4
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
dissociative
personality
anixety
5
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
accommodation
assimilation
habituation
6
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
fixed variable
continuous
fixed ratio
7
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
8
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
dispositional
social
situational
9
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
insight learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
10
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
11
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
12
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
cognitive
13
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
aptitude test
EQ test
achievement test
14
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
15
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
16
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
standardization
17
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
18
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
19
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
20
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
standard deviation
21
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
circadian rhythm
personalities
22
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
parenting style
motor development
attachment
23
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
24
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
token economies
REBT
25
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
blind spot
iris
retina
26
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
27
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
temperament
environment
family
28
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
29
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
30
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
cerebellum
amygdala
medulla
31
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
32
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
33
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
34
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
secondary
continuous
primary
35
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
36
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
37
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
make new friends
38
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
39
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
social roles
conformity
disinhibition
40
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
41
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
touch
sight
hearing
42
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
43
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
44
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
modeling
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
45
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
46
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
mirror neurons
modeling
sublimation
47
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
48
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
49
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
50
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
frequency theory
51
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
latent learning
social learning theory
the law of effect
52
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
53
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
behavioral
pharmacological
cognitive
54
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
55
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
56
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
57
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
case study
experiment
correlation study
58
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
59
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
60
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
terminal button
myelin
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
61
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
62
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
projective
achievement
triarchic
63
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
64
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
65
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
66
The WISC is a...
Intelligence test
personality test
Personality inventory
none of these
67
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
68
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
69
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
conservation
universal ethical principles
object permanence
70
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
a mental set
71
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
cognitive
72
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
recall
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
73
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
74
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
75
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
76
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
pons
cerebellum
77
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
78
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
standard deviation
mean
range
median
79
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
80
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
lithium
SSRIs
81
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
82
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
83
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
intrinsic motivation
84
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
social-cognitive
humanist
psychoanalyst
85
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
86
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
feature detectors
optic chiasm
fovea
87
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
88
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
double blind study
single blind study
89
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
overconfidence
a theory
self-serving bias
90
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
rooting
Babinski
Moro
91
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
sleep spindles and k complexes
delta waves
beta waves and delta waves
NREM
92
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
93
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
internal
external
situational
94
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
95
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
postconventional
James-Lange
theory Y
96
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
97
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
balance
sight
hearing
98
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
99
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
latency period
oral stage
phallic stage
100
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
retinal disparity
convergence
closure
101
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
behavior shaping
token economy
102
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
103
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
104
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
105
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
displacement
projection
reaction formation
106
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
107
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
probability
correlation coeifficient
a mean that is the same as the median
standard deviation
108
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
109
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
difference threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
110
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
111
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
112
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
113
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
deindividuation
group polarization
groupthink
114
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
antagonists
tolerance
activation-synthesis
115
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
116
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
Down syndrome
117
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
118
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
119
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
120
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
121
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
biological
psychoanalytic
trait
122
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
outliers
normally distributed
modes
123
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
in-group bias
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
124
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
125
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
126
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
127
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
standard deviation
mean
median
128
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
129
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
130
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
behavioral
evolutionary
cognitive
131
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
132
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
133
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
134
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
135
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
136
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
archetypes
functional fixedness
137
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
138
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
early 20s
mid 30s
late 40s
139
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
140
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
141
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
142
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
superordinate goals
143
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
144
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
cornea
optic nerve
145
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
146
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
brain injury
leading questions
relearning effect
147
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
148
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
149
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
150
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Sigmund Freud
151
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
152
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
153
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
154
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
adrenaline
155
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
156
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
say a sentence
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
157
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
158
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
just world bias
159
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
160
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
PET
rTMS
EEG
161
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
162
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
163
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
free association
prefrontal lobotomy