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Test 2 Review
Test 2 Review
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Test 2 Review for Spring 2019 GOL131
Flashcards
37 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
A metamorphic facies can tell us:
Depositional environment for a rock type.
Temperature and pressure ranges for a rock type.
Rate of movement for a rock type.
Hydrothermal activity for a rock type.
2
What is a sedimentary rock
A new type of music.
Rock made by cooling of magma/lava
Rock formed by recrystallization through heat and pressure.
Rock formed from sediment or animal remains
3
How does a metamorphic rock obtain a foliated texture?
Extra fluid activity, dissolving the minerals.
Differential pressure, aligning the minerals.
Deposition of precious metals during hdyrothermal activity .
Intense heath, partially melting the minerals.
4
If I have a sanidinite metamorphic faices, this indicated temperatures and pressures of:
750-950C; 1-2.5 kbar
400-800C; 8-15kbar
100-300C; 0-2 kbar
600-1,000C; 0-15+kbar
5
What is a marine transgression?
When sea level decreases (moves out).
When the ocean becomes polluted.
When waves form.
When sea level increases (moves inland).
6
Which of these index minerals indicates the highest -grade metamorphic rock?
Chlorite
Sillimanite
Garnet
Biotite
7
What would be the first rock deposited during a transgression, starting onshore?
Sandstone
Turbidites
Shale
Limestone
8
The elastic rebound theory explains:
the existence of faults.
how plates rebound after an earthquake.
how plates move throughout time.
how the plates stay the same during deformation.
9
A high-energy beach environment deposits what kind of sediment?
Fine-grained mud
Coarse-grained sands
10
What kind of ripple is this?
Symmetric
Asymmetric
11
Most earthquakes are how deep?
Deep, >300 km.
Located in the core.
Intermediate, between 100-300 km.
Shallow, <100 km.
12
If a rock has pebble sized grains, what kind of water velocity was needed?
High velocity
Low velocity
13
Clay-sized particles need what energy to settle out of the water column?
Constantly moving
Quiet, low-energy
Wave-dominated
Fast, high-energy
14
What are the three ways to metamorphose a rock?
Heat, Pressure, and Fluid Activity.
Heat, Pressure, and Lithification.
Lithification, Exhumation, and Fluid Activity.
Erosion, Weathering, and Lithification.
15
A seismic wave:
is a wave of energy that travels through the earth's layers.
is only generated by earthquakes.
always does damage.
is the wave of water that crashes along the beach.
16
A metamorphic rock sequence of zeolite to greenschist to amophibolite to sanidinite indicates:
An increase in pressure, but not really temperature.
An increase in temperature, but not really pressure.
An increase in temperature and pressure.
17
What would be the second rock deposited during a transgression, starting onshore?
Turbidites
Limestone
Shale
Sandstone
18
80% of all earthquakes occur at:
The Alpide Belt
On the interior of continents.
The Mediterranean-Asiatic Belt
The Circum-Pacific, encircling the Pacific Ocean.
19
Why?
Far enough offshore that sediment is out of the water column
Low-energy environment, below the wave base.
High-energy environment, above the wave base.
20
What is weathering?
Removal of material.
Breaking down of rocks or minerals into smaller materials.
Addition of organic material.
Bodies of sediment with distinct characteristics.
21
Which is an example of mechanical weathering?
Frost action
Oxidation
Hydrolysis
Lithification
22
Which is an example of chemical weathering?
Frost wedging
Oxidation
Organism activities
Thermal expansion
23
What is erosion?
Breaking down of rocks or minerals into smaller materials.
Bodies of sediment with distinct characteristics.
Addition of organic material.
Removal of material.
24
What does a metamorphic zone tell us?
That these rocks have the same composition.
That these rocks have the same degree of metamorphism.
That these rocks have the same depositional environment.
That these rocks are the same age.
25
Which of the following can produce seismic waves?
Earthquakes
Volcanic Eruptions
Explosions
All of the above
26
Which direction was the current moving?
Left to right
Right to left
Back and forth
27
Which of the following is an example of soil degradation?
Sustainable use of resources
Frost heaving
No-till farming
Overcropping
28
Why?
Far enough offshore that sediment is out of the water column
High-energy environment, above the wave base.
Low-energy environment, below the wave base.
29
What would be the third rock deposited during a transgression, starting onshore?
Turbidites
Sandstone
Limestone
Shale
30
Why?
Low-energy environment, below the wave base.
High-energy environment, above the wave base.
Far enough offshore that sediment is out of the water column
31
What is a metamorphic rock?
Rocks that have transformed into another type of rock.
Beach particles.
Rocks formed from sediments.
Volcanic rocks.
32
What is the technical term for dome created with the pressure release of overburden rock?
Graded bedding
Mountain belts
Ripple marks
Exfoliation dome
33
If I find a zeolite metamorphic facies, this indicates temperature and pressure ranges of:
600-1,000C; 0-14 kbar
100-300C; 0-2 kbar
500-700C; 10-14 kbar
100-300C; 6-14 kbar
34
How are metamorphic rocks classified?
By depositional environment and composition.
By grain size and foliation.
By location and crystal size.
By grain texture and composition.
35
Metamorphic rocks going from clay to chlorite to muscovite to containing garnets indicates:
An increase in metamorphic grade.
No change in metamorphic grade.
A decrease in metamorphic grade.
36
A low-energy, quiet lake deposits what kind of sediment?
A fine-grained mud
A coarse grained sand
37
What direction was the current moving here?
Left to right
Back and forth
Right to left
