SCOTUS Cases Review

Death Penalty 2- Overturned case by stating the imposition of the death penalty does not automatically violate the 8th

Incorporation of free speechStates cannot deny freedom of speech - protected through 14th Amendment due process clause

Black arm bands- Students retain some rights in school, including speech, though other limitations are not a violation

The implied right to privacy protects a woman's choice in matters of abortion

Using right of privacy, struck down Texas law banning sodomy.

Established judicial review

Students may be searched without a warrant if there is "reasonable ground" for doing so.

To win a libel case, public figures must prove "actual malice" on the part of the writer

Obscene materials are not protected by the 1st Amendment

School segregation is unconstitutional

The 2nd amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm for lawful purposes, such as self-defense at home

Suspects must be informed of their rights

Obscenity/LAPS testRedefined definition of obscenity to lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value

No racial gerrymandering

A right to privacy is implied in the Constitution, that covers matters of contraception between married people

Women's rightsThe Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment prohibits differential treatment based on sex

School prayerPublic institutions (i.e. a school system) cannot require prayer

Mexican Americans and all other nationality groups in the United States have equal protection under the 14th Amendment

Upheld affirmative action by allowing race to be one factor in college admissions, but specific quotas are impermissble

Incorporated the right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the 2nd Amendment

Invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage

Amish do not have to attend school after 8th grade - right to freedom of religion

Prior restraintGovernment cannot prevent the press from publishing a story unless that story threatens national security

Court ruled that the double jeopardy protection of the 5th Amendment does not apply to states (later overturned)

Exclusionary rule - Evidence that is illegally obtained by the state may not be used against a defendant in court

Incorporated the Establishment Clause of the 1st Amendment

States obligated to recognize same-sex marriage from other states.

"Bong Hits 4 Jesus' Student speech can be restricted if it is a distraction to others; can prohibit promoting crimes

"Separate but equal;" legalized segregation

Confirmed the supremacy of national over state government/Implied powers

Death Penalty 1- Arbitrary and inconsistent imposition of the death penalty violates the 8th Amendment's cruel/unusual

Test-the law must have a secular purpose must not have the either advance or inhibit religion, separate from gov

Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce.

School newspapers can be censored by teachers and administrators

Government cannot punish inflammatory speech unless that speech is likely to incite or produce such action

Right to lawyerThe government must provide free counsel to accused criminals who cannot pay for it themselves

Independent expenditures are free speech- Leads to creation of SuperPACs & rise in amount of third party electioneering

Speech that presents a "clear and present danger" to the security of the United States is not protected

Flag burning is constitutionally protected speech

"One man, one vote;" created guidelines for drawing up congressional districts and guaranteed more equitable system

Exclusionary rule- Illegally obtained evident will not be permissible in court