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AP Psych Midterm D Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Midterm D
AP Psych Midterm D
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1
Habituation allows a person or baby to become hyper aware of stimuli
True
False
2
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
closure
similiarity
constancy
3
Quantitatively backed up studies that examine the relationship between two variables without manipulating either
Experiment
Longitudinal Research Study
Survey Research Study
Correlational Studies
4
The gambler's fallacy of 'I'm on a roll, I'll keep winning' reflects the influence of the...
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
5
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
6
Correlation equals Causation
False
True
7
Which is NOT a basic ethical right of participants
Anonymity
Protection against coercion
informed consent
protection against deception
8
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
vitreous humor
iris
lens
9
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
short-term
sensory
intermediate-term
10
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
11
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
episodic
fluid
crystallized
12
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
13
What is necessary for an experiment?
DV
Hypothesis
Cause and Effect
Independent Variable
14
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
15
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
16
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
17
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
sequential
longitundinal
time of testing
18
Unusually vivid and detailed 'photograph' recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
19
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
spatial
mechanical
musical
20
A teacher reviews test scores and realizes that the mean score was higher than the median.
range of of scores is the difference between the mean + median
The standard deviation is equal to the mean
The distribution of scores is multimodal
The distribution of scores for the test is positively skewed
21
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
22
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
a personality test
23
Double Blind Studies accomplish all of the following EXCEPT
promote generalizability
attempt to eliminate bias
promote ethical considerations
produce confounding variables
24
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
25
Focuses not just on behavior, but on mental processes, internal mental states, and problem solving strategies
Clinical Psychologists
Cognitive Psychologists
Behavioral Psychologists
Humanistic Psychologists
26
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
location of injury
cortex
27
The Binet scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
IQ
28
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
limbic system
cerebellum
29
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
30
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
observational learning
punishment
operant conditioning
31
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
pathogens
teratogens
opiates
32
The debate of whether development occurs gradually or through a series of distinct stages is
Cognitive vs. Unconscious
continuity vs. discontinuity
cross-sectional vs. longitudinal
nature vs. nurture
33
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
limbic system
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
34
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
35
Which type of bias causes people to think that the outcome was obvious to them only after the fact
Halo Effect
Conformation
Anchoring
Hindsight
36
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
37
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
operant conditioning
38
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
39
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
extinction
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
40
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
consistency
representativeness
predictability
41
What type of reflex makes a baby curl it's foot when the sole of the foot is stroked
badabing
moro
rooting
babinski
42
Which ethical institution protects animals
APA
SSRI
IACUC
IRB
43
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
narcotics
LSD
cannabis
alcohol
44
Seeing a rapid series of slightly different images right after the other as movement is
Stroboscopic Movement
Retinal Disparity
Perceptual Constancy
Top Down Processing
45
The mean will be higher than the median in any distribution that
represents measures for a biased sample
is symmetrical
is positively skewed
represents measures for a random sample
46
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
physical interaction
abstract operations
47
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
loudness
timbre
pitch
48
A disadvantage of longitudinal studies is
old people get confused
those who drop out may be significantly different from those who stay
age differences in problem solving
gender differences in reflecting on their own insight
49
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
encoded
Recollected
retrieved
modeled
50
Under Baumrind's parenting styles the authoritative parent has a 'my way of the highway' attitude
False
True
51
What type of neurons are associated with observational learning
afferent
ganglion
mirror
mimic
52
Which of the following is NOT a confounding variable
Hindsight Bias
The Hawthorne Effect
Wording Effect
Dependent Variable
53
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
latent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
54
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
observational learning
55
What is an example of functional fixedness?
eating an eraser
treating a friend like a therapist
using a shoe as a hammer
refusing to open a can with a welding chisel instead of a can opener
56
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
57
cross-sectional methods frame psychological approaches by
comparing two or more groups at a single point in time
analyzing a group or more over a long period of time
relate research to case studies
test how subjects interact with participants outside of their grouping
58
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
insight
intelligence
reasoning
59
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
60
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
conventional
concrete
postconventional
