U.S. History II Semester Exam Review, Fall 2022

1887 U.S. law that granted citizenship to American Indians who accepted 160-acre plots of land, a sign of assimilation

American historian who proposed the "frontier thesis" after the closing of the Western frontier in 1890

WWII government agency who oversaw the transition of American factories to production of war goods

Event that triggered American involvement in the Spanish-American War in Feb. 1898

New Deal agency that provided jobs generating electric power in the Tennessee River Valley by constructing dams

1901 SCOTUS cases that ruled residents of new territories did not have their rights protected under the Constitution

Real estate developer who used assembly line techniques to mass produced homes after WWII, making homes more affordable

International organization founded after WWII to replace the League of Nations in maintaining peaceful diplomacy

Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress

American "muckraker" journalist who authored How the Other Half Lives, exposing the unsanitary slums of New York City

Statement of shared ideas by Churchill & Roosevelt - promoted free trade, self-determination, & Roosevelt's 4 freedoms

Federal law created to help WWII vets by offering low interest mortgages and education after they returned from war

Set of notes sent by Secretary of State John Hay warning other countries to keep path clear for trade with China

Portion of Cuban constitution, made Cuba a U.S. protectorate - U.S. would essentially determine Cuba's foreign policy

Wartime conference between U.S., Britain, U.S.S.R. that divided Germany into four zones of postwar occupation

Civil rights leader credited w/ igniting the Montgomery Bus Boycott in Dec. '55 when she refused to give up her bus seat

Campaign created by black civil rights activists during WWII to fight for victory over racism at home & tyranny abroad

1927 case of 2 Italian-American anarchists found guilty and executed for a crime in which there was very little evidence

President of "Square Deal" that offered consumer protection, corporate corruption, and conservation of natural resources

Military alliance formed in 1949 between the U.S. and several countries in the North Atlantic for mutual self defense

Cold War program created to provide financial assistance to European countries - $5 bil. given to over a dozen nations

President of "New Freedom" that attacked the "triple wall of privilege" - banks, tariffs, and trusts

May 1915 event that resulted from Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare in WWI, causing the U.S. to favor the Allies

1896 SCOTUS case that ruled segregation was constitutional as long as the separate spaces for different races were equal

1954 SCOTUS case that ruled segregation was unconstitutional based on the due process clause of the 14th Amendment

Organization created as a result Westward expansion to educate homesteaders on how to effectively farm in the West

Credited with making the automobile more affordable with the use of assembly line and installment buying

Black nationalist organization founded by Marcus Garvey to promote African Americans separation & economic independence

Realignment of political parties that saw African Americans, white farmers, and labor unions join the Democratic Party

Laws passed during WWI that prevented speech that would subvert the American war effort

1915 dramatic silent film about the South during and after the Civil War, which led to the rise of a new KKK

American Catholic priest from Detroit who criticized FDR's New Deal for being too friendly toward bankers

March 1917 event - Germany promised Mexico land in exchange for involvement in WWI, leading the U.S. to enter the war

SCOTUS case that ruled internment of Japanese Americans constitutional as a war measure to protect U.S. from invasion

Feminist who criticized the "happy housewife" ideal in the 1950s with her book The Feminine Mystique

Dispute between US & USSR over presence of missiles 90 miles from US, ended when US pulled missiles from Turkey

1882 immigration law that banned the arrival of immigrants based on nationality, the 1st of its kind in American history

Federal gency created in 1933 to insure individuals' bank accounts, protecting people against losses from bank failures

WWII government program created to develop an atomic weapon based on recent research in nuclear reactions

1892 strike at a Carnegie plant in Pennsylvania that showed corporate interests were more powerful than public opinion

Extension of Monroe Doctrine - declared U.S. responsible for collecting debts of Latin American nations owed to Europe

Gangster who controlled the bootlegging industry in 1920s prohibition, primarily Chicago, later arrested in 1931

Proposed constitutional amendment introduced in Congress in 1923 to provide equal protection regardless of sex

Battle between fundamentalists and modernists over teaching the theory of evolution despite a Tennessee law banning it

Policy that sought to limit Soviet influence in the Middle East by offering aid to the region under threat of communism

American general who led Allied forces in the Pacific during WWII, credited w/ developing the "island-hopping" strategy

Allied effort to take back Europe by invading Normandy in Northern Frace, which was a success.

1938 agreement between Germany & Great Britain - Hitler given the Sudetenland in exchange for no more acts of aggression

U.S. Senator critical of FDR's New Deal for not helping poor Americans enough & proposing a "Share Our Wealth" campaign

1862 U.S. law that provided subsidies and land grants for the construction of a transcontinental railroad

The first movie with sound; this "talkie" was about the life of famous jazz singer Al Jolson

Lasted roughly 1910 to 1930 where African Americans moved to northern cities to escape discrimination and to find jobs

Senator who led the opposition against ratification of the Versailles Treaty & US membership in League Nations in 1919

Laws passed in the mid/late 1930s to prevent American economic ties to other countries from getting us into WWII

Symbol to call American women to take jobs within American factories to meet demand for workers within war industries

American general who led Allied forces during Operations Torch and Overlord in the European theater of WWII

Call to deliver aid to Greece and Turkey at the start of the Cold War to prevent their fall into communism

American industrialist who used vertical integration to dominate the steel industry, 1st bil. $ company after he sold it

Economic philosophy that argued gov't spending generated economic growth by providing jobs and encouraging consumption

Senator who became popular in the 1950s for his inaccurate accusations against federal employees during the Red Scare