AP Vocab Review - Covid 19 Break

When randomly selected individuals in a sample do not provide accurate information.

Minumum, Q1, Median, Q3, and Maximum values of a data set.

A fixed value used as a cutoff on what probability is or is not statistically significant.

An imitation of a chance behavior that uses a model that accurately represents the situation.

A family of distributions that always take on positive values and are skewed right.

When neither the researchers nor the subjects know which treatments were assigned to groups.

A variable of value rather than description.

The middle number (resistant to outliers).

An inactive (fake) treatment for which some subjects may actually respond.

The exact counts of a variable.

Individuals are monitored for measures of variables of interest but not influenced in response.

A number from a sample used to estimate some characteristic of a population.

An event that rarely would have happened just by chance.

The sum of the values of the observations divided by the number of observations.

A variable that takes on a finite number of values (usually no decimals).

A graph that shows bars that have ranges for counts of a continuous variable.

The distribution of just one sample.

The claim that we actually believe to be true that we are trying to find evidence for.

The proportion of a chance process will approach a single value as you do more trials.

A Normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation of 1.

The standard deviation of a significance test or confidence interval.

A non-symmetric distribution that has a distinct tail.

The number of individuals that would be found in each category if the Null hypothesis is true.

A range of plausible values for a parameter, based on a statistic.

The number of individuals of a sample found in each category in response to a survey.

Occurs when we fail to reject the Null hypothesis when it was actually false.

The amount of counts of a variable out of all counts, often expressed as a percent.

The occurrence of one event or the other, or both.

A number that describes some characteristic of a population.

The probability that a test will reject the Null when the Alternative is true.

A sample where each individual was randomly chosen and randomly assigned to a treatment.

The claim that we do not believe to be true that we are trying to find evidence against.

When it is not possible for two event to occur simultaneously.

The probability that an event does NOT happen.

A group of experimental units that are similar and so are treated as one experimental unit.

The occurrence of two events at the same time.

When a group of the population does not get accurate representation in a sample.

A study that attempts to survey every individual of the population.

The number of standard deviations to be added/subtracted from the test statistic (z* or t*)

The most common number.

A sample where each individual was randomly chosen from the population.

The individual terms that are added together to form the test statistic for categorical data.

A sample by putting individuals into population-like groups and randomly choosing one group.

The typical or common distance observations are away from the mean.

A graph of quantitative data with two clear peaks.

Decisions based through a process of chance.

__% of all such samples would produce a range of values that would capture the true value.

An accurate statistic used to approximate the parameter of a population.

The range from Q1 to Q3.

When the effects of two different variables on a response variable cannot be told apart.

The smallest collection of individuals to which a treatment is to be applied.

The total value to be added/subtracted from the test statistic to find the interval max/min.

A family of distributions like the Normal curve expect with more variability in the samples.

When randomly selected individuals cannot be contacted or refuse to participate.

The distribution of a random variable of continuing trials until a certain number of successes.

A procedure using a sample statistic to make a decision about the validity of a claim.

Occurs when we reject the Null hypothesis when it was actually true.

A sampling distribution of at least 30 will be approx normal even if the population is not.

When only either the researchers or the subjects know which treatments were assigned to groups.

A study where researchers deliberately impose treatment on the individuals.

A variable of description rather than value.

A number between 0 and 1 that describes the proportion of an outcome in a chance process.

In experiments, when all variables except for the explanatory variable must be kept the same.

When the right and left sides of a distribution are mirror images of each other.

The # of standard deviations an observation falls from the center of a Normal distribution.

A sample selected by taking individuals that select themselves.

The set of all possible outcomes of a chance process.

A smaller group of individuals whose information is used to infer about a larger group.

When a distribution is even across the full range of values of the variable.

The proportion of observations that are lower than a particular observation.

An outcome of a chance process is more likely to occur if it has not occurred for a long time.

A variable that takes on an infinite number of values.

When the design of a study would consistently give an over or underestimate of the true value.

The four evenly sized sections of a set of ordered data.

The entire group of individuals which we are interested in knowing something about.

A class of density curves that are symmetric, single-peaked, and bell-shaped.

A graph of the five-number summary.

The maximum minus the minimum.

The distribution of many samples.

A sample obtained by putting individuals into like-groups and randomly choosing some from each.

The variable that may predict the changes in another variable.

A sample selected by taking individuals that were easy to reach.

A diagram used to display the sample space of a chance process involving a sequence of outcomes

The probability that the statistic would have taken on a value given the Null hypothesis true.

The probability that an event will occur given that another event has already occurred.

Explains the linear relationship between two quantitative variables, from -1 to 1.

A graph that shows the relationship between two quantitative variables using dots.

A model that describes the overall pattern of a distribution.

The distribution of a random variable with the number of trials set in advance.

Making conclusions about a larger population based on sample data.

The science of data.

A common form of blocking in comparing two different treatments, often on the same sample.

An individual that falls well outside the pattern of data.