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Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure
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1
The law of conservation of matter states that:
In a chemical process, matter can be destroyed and created
The amount of matter in the universe is fixed
Matter is anything that has mass and volume
All atoms are indestructible
2
True or false: isotopes of the same element have the same atomic mass.
true
false
3
How many protons are in a neutral fluorine atom?
19
9
8
10
4
Where are protons located?
in the nucleus
outside the nucleus
5
Which charges are mobile (easily moved from one object to another)
Positive
Negative
Neutral
6
In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, which of the following occurred?
Some of the alpha particles hit Rutherford in the face
Most alpha particles went straight through the foil
Most of the alpha particle were deflected slightly
Most of the alpha particles bounced back
7
The two magnesium atoms below are
Isotopes
Ionoscopes
Ions
8
An atom has 22 protons, 26 neutrons, and 20 electrons. What is the mass number for this atom?
22
48
26
+2
9
What is the mass of an electron?
no mass (literally massless)
significantly less than 1 amu (basically zero compared to a n0 or p+)
1 amu
2 amu
10
Which of the following best summarizes JJ Thomson's Plum Pudding Model?
Dense, positive nucleus surrounded by negative charges
Small negative charges surrounded by a positively charged substance
Electrons orbit the nucleus like planets around the sun
Electrons organized by energy level
11
True or false: isotopes of the same element have the same properties.
false
true
12
True or false: isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons.
false
true
13
How does a positively charged object interact with a neutral object?
Strong attraction
Slight attraction
Slight repulsion
Strong repulsion
14
How many neutrons does helium-4 contain?
0
2
4
1
15
What is the charge on a neutron?
no charge
positive 1
it depends on how much energy it has
negative 1
16
What is the mass of a calcium atom that contains 20 neutrons?
20 amu
40.08 amu
40 amu
22 amu
17
What is the charge on a proton?
it depends on how much energy it has
negative 1
positive 1
no charge
18
Ions
have a charge due to an uneven number of neutrons and electrons
have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
have a charge due to an uneven number of protons and electrons
have a charge due to an uneven number of protons and neutrons
19
True or false: opposites attract
false
true
20
An atom has 22 protons, 26 neutrons, and 20 electrons. What is the atomic number for this atom?
22
26
+2
48
21
Where are neutrons located?
in the nucleus
outside the nucleus
22
How do two positively charged objects interact with each other?
Strong repulsion
Strong attraction
Slight attraction
Slight repulsion
23
True or false: isotopes of the same element have the same number of neutrons.
false
true
24
True false: Dalton believed that atoms were indivisible
true
false
25
How many electrons are in a neutral chlorine atom?
36
17
35
18
26
What is the mass of a proton?
no mass
1 amu
significantly less than 1 amu
2 amu
27
negatively charged ions:
anions
cations
28
Where are electrons located?
outside the nucleus
in the nucleus
29
What does the pre-fix "a-" mean? (as in, atom)
not
first
some
many
30
An atom has 22 protons, 26 neutrons, and 20 electrons. What is the charge on this ion?
+2
trick question
zero (no charge)
-2
31
What does it mean for an objective to carry a positive charge?
It has more electrons than protons
It is made of electrons
It has no neutrons
It has more protons than electrons
32
If a carbon atom has a mass of 14 amu, how many protons and neutrons does it have?
8 protons and 8 neutrons
6 protons and 8 neutrons
6 protons and 6 neutrons
8 protons and 6 neutrons
33
True or false: isotopes of the same element have the same number of electrons when neutral.
true
false
34
Pick the statement that best describes the results of Riutherford's experiment:
Small negative charges surrounded by a positively charged substance
Plum Pudding Model
Dense, positive nucleus surrounded by negative charges
Atoms as small, uniform spheres with hooks
35
The law of definite proportions states that:
The number of atoms in system never changes
Compounds consist of elements in fixed ratios
Matter can be neither created nor destroyed
Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios
36
Which of the following is a part of Benjamin Franklin's theory of electrostatics?
There are two types of charges
Neutrons have no charge
Only some objects contain charged particles
Electrons are negatively charged
37
True or false: Dalton's theory of the atom described atoms as having charges
true
false
38
True or false: Dalton described chemical reactions as the combining and separating of atoms
false
true
39
What is the mass of a hydrogen atom that contains no neutrons?
all hydrogen atoms contain neutrons
2 amu
0 amu
1 amu
40
How are Mg-24 and Mg-26 different from each other?
They have a different number of electrons
They have a different number of neutrons
The have a different number of protons
They aren't different; they are identical
41
What is the charge on an electron?
it depends on how much energy it has
positive 1
no charge
negative 1
42
Why did James Chadwick propose the existence of neutrons?
He noticed that only some objects are charged
He didn't agree with JJ Thomson's model
He noticed the masses of nuclei didn't add up as expected
He saw the evidence from Rutherford's experiment
43
positively charged ions:
anions
cations
44
How many isotopes of carbon are depicted in the image below?
2
3
1
we can't tell from what is shown here
45
What is the mass of a neutron?
significantly less than 1 amu
1 amu
2 amu
no mass
46
What did JJ Thomson base his theory of electrons on?
Cathode ray tube experiments
Ernest Rutherford
Gold Foil Experiment
Law of Conservation of Mass
47
What element is depicted in this picture of a neutral atom?
Carbon
Boron
Helium
Beryllium
48
The most common isotope of chlorine is most likely:
Clorine-36
Chlorine-17
Chlorine-18
Chlorine-35
49
What experiment is depicted in this image?
Ernest Rutherford
Gold Foil Experiment
Cathode ray tube experiments
Law of Conservation of Mass
