Which of the following scenarios describes a budget deficit?

The federal government borrows $150 billion to cover its expenses.

Supreme Court nominee pledges to use stare decisis when ruling will likely do which when considering a case?

Base their decision on legal precedent

Which of the following scenarios includes an example of selective incorporation?

Defendants in all criminal trials must have an attorney

Which of the following describes the structure of the Democratic and Republican parties?

An organization that works to elect candidates at all levels of government

Which of the following best articulates an argument made by James Madison in The Federalist No. 10?

The negative effects of factionalism can be reduced by a republican gov

Which of the following reflects the main idea in Brutus No. 1?

A federal judiciary must oversee state judiciaries., Only small republics can succeed.

Which of the following statements outlines a key weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

States had to negotiate with one another considering interstate commerce

Which of the following scenarios describes a way a president can have a political impact even after leaving office?

President appoints one or more Supreme Court justices.

Which of the following represents a historical trend of the constitutional commerce clause?

A general increase in the power of the federal government

Which of the following scenarios describes an exit poll?

Pollster asking voters who they voted for just after voters cast the ballot

A presidential veto would most likely be overturned in which of the following situations?

30% of the senators and reps are members of the president's political party

Federalism is a principle of government in which?

Power is shared between the national government and the state governments

What policy would help raise the voting participation rate for low-income working voters in America?

Make election day a national holiday

A member of which of the following demographic groups is most likely to support a Democratic presidential candidate?

Unmarried African American female

Which of the following scenarios illustrates a legal form of affirmative action?

University that considers race when making admissions decisions

Which of the following rights does the Fourth Amendment protect?

Protection against unlawful search and seizure.

Which of the following statements about political action committees (PACs) is most accurate?

They raise money to influence federal, state, and local elections

Which of the following defines an open primary election?

Any registered voter may participate, regardless of party affiliation

Which of the statements best expresses a core value concerning the government's role in American's daily lives?

The government should promote equality of opportunity

Which of the following statements summarizes a primary argument in Federalist No. 78?

Congress can impeach judges and justices who are corrupt.

Which of the following practices became illegal only after the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Using literacy tests at voting centers

Which of the following was a belief of the Federalists during the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

The federal government should be stronger than state governments

Which describes a negative consequence of a state being the last to hold a presidential primary?

One candidate may have already won a majority of delegates.

If the Supreme Court strikes down a law passed by Congress, what action can Congress take to overturn the decision?

Begin drafting a constitutional amendment

The National Security Council (NSC) performs which of the following duties?

Advises the president concerning foreign policy matters.

Which of the following scenarios involves a writ of certorari?

The Supreme Court brings a case up from a lower court in order to review it

How did New York Times Co. v. United States affect the interpretation of the First Amendment?

It limited the government's power to interfere with the press.

Which of the following is most likely to lead to a decrease in political knowledge among Americans?

A media outlet that reports only one point of view

What is the primary purpose of the House Rules Committee?

To set how long a bill will be debated and whether amendments can be added

Which of the following is an example of logrolling?

Agreeing to vote on a bill in exchange for a vote on another bill

Which of the following statements about the House of Representatives is true?

The House has a Committee on Ways and Means, while the Senate does not

Which of the following is generally understood to be the purpose of the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution?

It reserves powers to the states

As viewed in the context of past elections, incumbency favors which of the following groups the most?

Members of the House of Representatives

The Virginia Plan would have created a?

legislature dominated by the large states

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1
Which of the following scenarios describes a budget deficit?
The federal government increases the currency supply.
The federal government borrows $150 billion to cover its expenses.
The federal government spends $600 billion on defense each year.
The federal government raises tariffs by 15%.
2
Supreme Court nominee pledges to use stare decisis when ruling will likely do which when considering a case?
Base their decision on legal precedent
Base their decision on the national mood
Base their decision on the Constitution
Base their decision on personal preference
3
Which of the following scenarios includes an example of selective incorporation?
A state creates its own system of courts
People cannot espouse hate speech that advocates specific violence
Defendants in all criminal trials must have an attorney
A state and federal government both pay for a road construction project
4
Which of the following describes the structure of the Democratic and Republican parties?
A decentralized group of different ideological beliefs
An organization that works to elect candidates at all levels of government
A group of small, independent political parties
An organization that only helps candidates running for Congress
5
Which of the following best articulates an argument made by James Madison in The Federalist No. 10?
The negative effects of factionalism can be reduced by a republican gov
Free elections are the people's best defense against factionalism
Honest politicians can prevent factions from developing
Factions are more likely to occur in large republics than in small ones.
6
Which of the following reflects the main idea in Brutus No. 1?
A standing army in peacetime ensures liberty.
A federal judiciary must oversee state judiciaries.
Only small republics can succeed.
No country can succeed as a republic.
7
In Brown v. Board, the Supreme Court based its decision on which provision of the Fourteenth Amendment?
Equal protection under the law
Refusal of compensation for freed slaves
Overturning the three-fifths compromise
Automatic citizenship for persons born in the United States
8
Which of the following statements outlines a key weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
All residents of free states were given "all privileges and immunities"
States had to negotiate with one another considering interstate commerce
Canada was given the right to become part of the US at any time
Gov oversaw foreign affairs, armed conflict, shipping, & gov spending
9
A state's number of congresspersons determines which of the following?
House committee chairs
Electoral College votes
Redistricting procedures
Federal funding
10
Which act of the Articles of Confederation established a method of admitting new states into the United States?
The Pendleton Act
The New Jersey Plan
The Northwest Ordinance
The Three-Fifths Compromise
11
Which of the following scenarios describes a way a president can have a political impact even after leaving office?
President writes a memoir after leaving office.
President appoints one or more Supreme Court justices.
President becomes a member of the Electoral College after leaving office.
President appoints cabinet members who remain in the next administration.
12
Congress passes legislation & declares a recess & the president took no action on it within ten days of its passage?
A line-item veto
A writ of certiorari
A pocket veto
An adjournment
13
Which of the following represents a historical trend of the constitutional commerce clause?
Increase in the release of detainees from prison following unlawful arrest
Increased funding for the military
A general increase in the power of the federal government
An increase in vetoes of legislative bills of attainder
14
Which of the following scenarios describes an exit poll?
Pollster asking voters who they plan to vote for before voters enter polls
Pollster asking voters who they voted for just after voters cast the ballot
Pollster asking voters who they voted for one week after the election
Pollster asking voters who they plan to vote for one week before election
15
A presidential veto would most likely be overturned in which of the following situations?
The chief justice of the Supreme Court was appointed by the president
The majority of American citizens support the proposed legislation
30% of the senators and reps are members of the president's political party
The president's successful reelection campaign advocated bipartisanship
16
Federalism is a principle of government in which?
Power is shared between the national government and the state governments
Individual liberties are guaranteed by a Bill of Rights
Legislatives, Executive, and Judicial powers are separated
States have equal representation in the national government
17
Which of the following processes best exemplifies the principle of federalism in the United States government?
Spending treasury money without passage of an appropriations bill
Imposing export taxes
Amending the US Constitution
Granting titles of nobility
18
Students learning about government and civics in school is an example of which of the following?
Public opinion
Public agenda
Political socialization
General public
19
What policy would help raise the voting participation rate for low-income working voters in America?
Make election day a national holiday
Strengthen voter ID laws
Ensure that presidential candidates visit every state
Give Americans who vote a small tax deduction
20
If the president doesn't approve a bill, what is his option to stop the legislation if Congress has veto-proof majority?
He can use the pocket veto
He can veto the bill
He can call a conference committee
He can send the bill back with proposed revisions
21
A member of which of the following demographic groups is most likely to support a Democratic presidential candidate?
Retirees over the age of 65, male or female
Unmarried African American female
Unmarried white male
Married white females
22
Which of the following scenarios illustrates a legal form of affirmative action?
University that considers race when making admissions decisions
University that sets racial quotas when making admission decisions
Company that hires applicants only from minority groups
Company that hires only African Americans
23
Which of the following rights does the Fourth Amendment protect?
Protection against the quartering of troops in peacetime.
Protection against government confiscation of firearms.
Protection against cruel and unusual punishment.
Protection against unlawful search and seizure.
24
Opponents of Brutus's view would have ideas most similar to those in which of the following texts?
Federalist No. 10
The Declaration of Independence
"Letter from a Birmingham Jail"
The Articles of Confederation
25
Which of the following statements about political action committees (PACs) is most accurate?
Their activities are not regulated by the Federal Election Commission (FEC)
They raise money to influence federal, state, and local elections
Their activities are limited to national presidential elections
They funnel donations directly to political candidates
26
Which of the following defines an open primary election?
Voters may register to vote on the day of the election
Any registered voter may participate, regardless of party affiliation
The election results are not binding
Voters select the winner by caucus instead of by individual ballots
27
Which of the statements best expresses a core value concerning the government's role in American's daily lives?
Gov should promote neither equality of outcome nor equality of opportunity
The government should promote equality of opportunity
Government should promote equality of outcome & equality of opportunity
The government should promote equality of outcome
28
Which of the following statements summarizes a primary argument in Federalist No. 78?
Federal judges and justices should serve for life without exemption.
The judicial branch should be the strongest branch of government.
Congress can impeach judges and justices who are corrupt.
Judicial review gives the federal government too much power.
29
The president solely chooses the staff for which of the following?
House Committee on Appropriations
Senate Committee on Appropriations
Peace Corps
White House Office
30
Which of the following practices became illegal only after the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Barring women from voting
Using literacy tests at voting centers
Race-based discrimination in the workplace
Barring racial minorities from voting
31
Which of the following was a belief of the Federalists during the Constitutional Convention of 1787?
The slave trade was a necessary institution
A small republic was the best form the United States could take
The Legislative Branch should have a Senate
The federal government should be stronger than state governments
32
A voter who wants info on a presidential candidate's foreign & domestic policy views should consult what?
The candidate's website
Network television
Newspaper editorials
The candidate's social media
33
Which describes a negative consequence of a state being the last to hold a presidential primary?
One candidate may have already won a majority of delegates.
The state may receive considerable news coverage.
Party conventions may have already taken place.
There may be long lines to vote on primary election day.
34
If the Supreme Court strikes down a law passed by Congress, what action can Congress take to overturn the decision?
Have the president impeach Supreme Court justices hostile to the law
Pass the same law again
Begin drafting a constitutional amendment
Appeal to the states to pass similar laws at the state level
35
The National Security Council (NSC) performs which of the following duties?
Screens new immigrants coming into the country.
Advises the president concerning foreign policy matters.
Protects the environment from man-made pollution.
Administers the federal government's programs related to space exploration.
36
Which of the following scenarios involves a writ of certorari?
Case makes its way through lower courts, finally reaching the Supreme Court
The Supreme Court brings a case up from a lower court in order to review it
The Supreme Court issues a ruling on a case.
Interest group writes a letter to the Court in favor of one side of a case.
37
How did New York Times Co. v. United States affect the interpretation of the First Amendment?
It changed what the government could and could not classify as top secret.
It codified the process of gaining a restraining order against a newspaper.
It shielded newspapers from government lawsuits.
It limited the government's power to interfere with the press.
38
Which of the following is most likely to lead to a decrease in political knowledge among Americans?
A media outlet that protects its sources
A media outlet that reports only one point of view
A media outlet that routinely interviews candidates
A media outlet that summarizes the day's news events
39
What is the primary purpose of the House Rules Committee?
To determine ethical standards for House members
To determine parliamentary procedure for each vote
To set the order of Congresspersons who can speak for or against a bill
To set how long a bill will be debated and whether amendments can be added
40
Southern states' Jim Crow laws were in direct violation with which of the following?
The Ninth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment
The Seventeenth Amendment
41
A recently elected member of the House who ran on preserving Social Security would want to serve on which committee?
Judiciary
Ways and Means
Financial Services
Oversight and Reform
42
Which of the following is an example of logrolling?
Changing the shape of congressional districts to favor one party
Giving up one's political position to win a short-term victory
Gaining federal funding for one's home district
Agreeing to vote on a bill in exchange for a vote on another bill
43
Which of the following statements about the House of Representatives is true?
The Speaker of the House wields less power than the president pro tempore
All revenue bills must originate in the Senate before moving to the House
Representation in the House is allocated equally among states
The House has a Committee on Ways and Means, while the Senate does not
44
Which of the following is generally understood to be the purpose of the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution?
It lowers the legal voting age from 21 to 18
It reserves powers to the states
It grants voting rights to all American women
It allows for trial by jury in common-law cases
45
As viewed in the context of past elections, incumbency favors which of the following groups the most?
Members of the Senate
Members of the House of Representatives
The president of the United States
State governors
46
The Supreme Court used which provision of the First Amendment when deciding Wisconsin v. Yoder?
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of the press
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
47
Which of the following lobbying activities is illegal?
Paying private citizens to protest in the streets
Buying an expensive lunch for a group of influential House members
Giving cash gifts to a senator
Running attack ads against a piece of legislation
48
In addition to the president, which of the following can directly influence US international relations in peacetime?
The federal bureaucracy
House of Representatives
The Senate
State legislatures
49
The Virginia Plan would have created a?
legislature dominated by the slave states
legislature dominated by the large states
constitutional monarchy
legislature dominated by the small states
50
Which of the following attempted to reign in political spending by PACs?
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
McCain-Feingold Act
Federal tax code 527
51
Which of the following modern-day groups would be most likely to disagree with the ideas presented in Brutus No. 1?
Conservatives
Libertarians
Republicans
Liberal Democrats
52
A joint committee also describes which of the following?
Select committee
Standing committee
Conference committee
Exemplary committee
53
A Supreme Court justice who believes in judicial activism would base a ruling on which of the following?
The advice or he or she received from another justice.
Past court rulings on similar topics.
The text of the Constitution and its amendments.
His or her personal beliefs and biases.
54
A representative has just joined the Rules Committee. With which of the following will she most likely be involved?
Managing the Library of Congress
Taking jurisdiction over fisheries and wildlife
Ruling on the ethics of behavior in the House
Determining the rules of the House and conditions for legislative process
55
Which of the following describes an original feature of the Senate not present in the 21st century?
State legislatures elected senators.
The Supreme Court could impeach senators.
Senators could serve only two terms.
Senators did not play a role in declaring war.
56
Which of the following Supreme Court cases expanded federal power over the states?
Wisconsin v. Yoder
United States v. Lopez
McCulloch v. Maryland
Engel v. Vitale
57
At the time the Constitution was ratified, which group of people was not counted as part of the national census?
Untaxed Indians
Free women
Indentured servants
African American slaves
58
Which of the following best describes a block grant?
Money that can be used only for a specific purpose
Money provided to individuals to fund research projects
Funds distributed among states according to a set formula
Funds with few restrictions that are provided to state or local governments
59
Which of the following programs makes up the largest percentage of the national budget?
Entitlements
Education
Defense spending
Debt payments
60
The First Amendment to the Constitution protects which of the following rights of American citizens?
The right to keep and bear arms
The lack of obligation to quarter soldiers in times of war
To petition the government for a redress of grievances
Protection from cruel and unusual punishment
61
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 has had which of the following effects?
The voting age was lowered from 21 to 18
Voters must now pass literacy tests before voting
Voting participation for racial minority voters has increased
States have been prohibited from establishing voter ID requirments
62
Which of the following executive branch employees must the Senate approve?
Cabinet members
The chief of staff
The press secretary
National Security Council members
63
The works of Baron de Montesquieu influenced which aspect of the American government?
Separation of Powers
A strong executive
The number of Supreme Court justices
A bicameral legislature
64
Which of the following events led to a realignment of the Democratic and Republican parties?
The end of the Civil War
The Great Recession
The election of Ronald Reagan
The Civil Rights Movement
65
Which of the following best describes a liberal view concerning economic policy?
Poor people should not receive economic handouts from the government
The government should provide universal basic income for all citizens
Private charities should be responsible for social welfare initiatives
The government should lower taxes on large businesses
66
Which of the following statements describes why Super Tuesday is an important day in the presidential primary season?
The candidate who finishes second becomes the nominee's running mate
It shows how many superdelegate votes a candidate receives @ the convention
Primary elections after Super Tuesday have no bearing on deciding nominees
The candidate who wins the most states becomes the front runner
67
Which of the following activities are interest groups barred from taking part in?
Providing research to government officials
Staging protest and boycotts
Giving tangible gifts to lawmakers
Sending lawmakers to educational seminars
68
What is true about the majority of Supreme Court justices?
They switch party affiliation during their term.
They are appointed by presidents of the same political party.
They have no prior judicial experience.
They stay on the court for only a decade.
69
Which of the following is the Supreme Court's most likely response to a petition?
It will refuse to hear the appeal
It will rule in favor of the defendant
It will declare a mistrial
It will order a lower court to retry the case
70
The Fifth Amendment to the Bill of Rights protects American citizens' right?
to free speech
against unreasonable searches and seizures
against double jeopardy
against cruel and unusual punishment
71
Which of the following is an implied power of Congress?
Passing laws regulating interstate trade
Raising the debt limit every year
Declaring war on Japan in 1941
Overseeing executive branch agencies
72
Applying the principles of Thomas Jefferson to current political issues would probably dispose one to?
favor seven year terms for president
oppose the decentralization of government power
favor the decentralization of government power
oppose seven year terms for president
73
Which of the following statements accurately describes the legal impact of United States v. Lopez?
The Supreme Court put limits on Congress's use of the commerce clause
Congress gained expanded power over the states
The Supreme Court completely redefined federalism as a concept
For the first time, states could pass gun control legislation
74
Which of the following cases did the Supreme Court decision strike down "separate, but equal" doctrine?
Brown v. Board of Education
Baker v. Carr
Shaw v. Reno
McCulloch v. Maryland
75
A conservative would most likely agree with which of the following policies?
More open borders to allow immigration
A robust military defense budget
Restrictions on gun ownership
Expansion of the social safety net
76
A president wants to reduce the # of inmates in federal prison. Which power could the president use to accomplish this?
Granting reprieves and pardons
Formally declaring war upon an enemy nation
Ratifying a treaty
Overriding a legislative veto
77
Which of the following statements about a presidential veto is true?
The president has to justify why he or she vetoes a bill.
A successful veto sends the bill back to a conference committee.
Congress can overturn a veto with a simple majority in both chambers.
Modern presidents rarely have the opportunity to use the pocket veto.
78
Which case established the precedent that a municipality could not restrict American's Second Amendment rights?
Baker v. Carr
United States v. Lopez
Gideon v. Wainwright
McDonald v. Chicago
79
Which of the following statements best characterizes cooperative federalism?
The federal government granting power over a policy area to the states
The executive and legislative branches working on legislation together
State and federal governments working on the same issue
Governments working with businesses to address an issue
80
The attorney general is the head of which of the following entities?
The Senate Judiciary Committee
The Department of State
The Judge Advocate General's Corps
The Department of Justice
81
What is an example of "horse-race" journalism?
News story focuses on a politician's scandals rather than achievements
News anchor reports an event before the station's rivals
Newspaper editor prints stories about long-term political developments
Reporter announces which candidate leads in a public opinion poll
82
Which of the following best describes an iron triangle?
Another name for the three branches of government
Group made of committee of Congress, interest group, & bureaucratic agency
An agreement between the secretaries of state, defense, and treasury
The union of army, navy, and air force
83
Which of the following is true under the system of checks and balances?
Congress cannot override a presidential veto.
2/3 of the Senate must approve treaties negotiated by the President.
The president can override a congressional veto and pass laws.
President's nominees must be approved by the House before taking office.
84
Which of the following laws or court cases served to grant citizenship to free slaves?
Missouri Compromise
Fourteenth Amendment
Brown v. Board of Education decision
Jim Crow Laws
85
Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of gerrymandering?
To put all racial minorities into a single district
To equally divide a state's congressional district by size
To increase the control voters have over their elected officials
Influence elections by drawing boundary lines to increase voter influence
86
The majority of state legislatures do which of the following?
Evaluate the physical accessibility of polling venues
Decide where to construct new elementary schools
Redraw congressional district boundaries
Elect a new state governor
87
Which action would a Keynesian economist most favor?
An increase in domestic government spending
Tax cuts
No change in domestic government spending
An increase in prime interest rates
88
Which of the following scenarios is an example of political socialization?
Watching the evening news with family
Playing high school football
Joining a fiction book club
Working on a group project in math class
89
Catholicism is not Maryland's official religion because this would be a violation of which portion of the Constitution?
The inevitable discovery rule
The establishment clause
The Seventh Amendment
The Ninth Amendment
90
Which of the following Supreme Court cases was a victory against prior restraint?
New York Times Co. v. United States
Tinker v. Des Moines
Schenck v. United States
Engel v. Vitale
91
Which was a strength of the Articles of Confederation that the founders did not change when writing the constitution?
The process by which Congress can extend the franchise
The process by which territories become states
The rules regarding modifying the articles
The rules regarding interstate trade
92
Which of the following scenarios describes a power the Constitution grants the president?
The president abolishes an executive department.
The president signs a treaty with a foreign country concerning trade.
The president enacts emergency powers in wartime.
The president uses executive privilege to keep documents secret.
93
Shay's Rebellion is significant because?
led to the enactment of slavery in the South
scared American elites, leading to the adoption of the Constitution
led to the overthrow of British rule
narrowly avoided overthrowing the government of Vermont
94
Which of the following parts of the Executive Office of the President is responsible for giving money to departments?
The Council of Economic Advisors
The U.S. Trade Representative
The Domestic Policy Council
The Office of Management and Budget
95
Which amendment in the Bill of Rights establishes limited government?
Third Amendment
Sixth Amendment
Eighth Amendment
Tenth Amendment
96
Which of the following titles applies to the vice president of the United States?
President of the Senate
Majority Whip
Speaker of the House
President pro tempore
97
Which of the following statements about voting populations is most accurate?
Individuals are less likely to vote in a closely contested race
Voters are more likely to vote at age 18 than they are at age 65
Graduate degree is more likely to vote than one with a high school diploma
Affluent individuals are less likely to vote than impoverished individuals
98
Which of the following is a direct result of an electoral system that features single-member districts?
National campaigns can be conducted without incurring great expense.
Only two major parties can successfully be supported.
Each political party tends to focus its campaign on a single issue.
Third parties can be as successful as the two major political parties can.
99
The Constitution's Establishment Clause affects the relationship between which of the following groups?
The states and racial minorities
The federal government and religion
The federal government and the states
The states and their residents
100
According to the Constitution, who determines voter eligibility requirements?
State legislatures
The Supreme Court
Congress
The president

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