late 19th century victorian morality dictated that men and women

belong in “separate spheres”

the indian national congress initially sought more rights for indians

by promoting ethnic and religious unity

the significance of the crimean war was that it

marked transition to modern warfare w/ breech-loading rifles

the meiji rulers sought to strengthen japan by

embracing foreign ideas, institutions, and techniques

workers around the world primarily sough change

by participating in the political system through voting

napoleon became europe’s first popular dictator because

promised order to an exhausted society

why the did slave trade end

slave revolts the humanitarian reform movements ended it

which of the following did not contribute to the financial crisis that triggered the french rev

failure to collect taxes from the clergy

which was not one of the ways in which workers resisted harsh treatment

frequently assassinating unpopular factory owners

women in the taiping rebellion were

organized into military brigades

bismarck gave the vote to all adult males in order to

weaken the influence of middle class liberals

the french revolution

did not create an enduring form of representative democracy

besides conquering large amounts of territory, the new imperialism was most significant for

creating a global economy of suppliers and consumers

when the parisian crowd marched to versailles, it

demanded the return of the royal family to paris

iron production was transformed by abraham darby's discovery that

coke could be used in place of charcoal in smelting process

what were the goals of monarchs from prussia and russia in supporting enlightenment?

expansion of royal authority over localism, religious —>, institutions, and the nobility

with the end of colonialism in the americas, amerindians

lost the protection of the colonial powers

women typically earned

one-third to one-half as much as men

historians use the term new imperialism to refer to the west's

use of industrial tech to impose its will on nonindustry

free-trade imperialism in latin america meant

economic dependence instead of direct colonization

after war for greek independence, mahmud II

created a new artillary unit and bombarded the janissaries

although imperialism was not new to europeans, this period was uniquely characterized by

unprecedented annexations of territory by western powers

the enlightenment was the intellectual movement in which

methods of scientific revolution applied to human society

single women and married women both did factory work but for difference reasons

married women worked when husbands couldn't support families

the declaration of rights of man was

a contract between king & national assembly outlining rights

as a result of industrialization, the relationship between western europe and non-western world

became based on western dominance

studbud

ap world semester 2 exam

150 termsStudBud Administration20 plays

if an answer flows into another, both with be correct if the original answer was correct

Flashcards150 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 150

Answers

1
which members of the french population would have paid taxes in 1785
relatives of the king
priests
women in convents
wealthy merchants
2
late 19th century victorian morality dictated that men and women
should be in a competitive relationship
belong in factories
should be involved in politics
belong in “separate spheres”
3
which is not one way that cities in industrial nations changed their character in 19th century
police and fire departments were created
poverty virtually disappeared
city planning was used
sanitation improved and death rates decreased
4
the indian national congress initially sought more rights for indians
through armed revolt
through hunger strikes
by promoting ethnic and religious unity
all of these
5
women helped disseminate new political ideas by
raising the argument for women’s rights
all of these
contributing as writers and commentators
bringing together thinkers in their homes, or salons
6
the significance of the crimean war was that it
marked brief return to chivalry
was most destructive war in human history
marked transition to modern warfare w/ breech-loading rifles
was first war utilized battalions of africans in europe
7
which crop contributed to the agricultural revolution
wheat
rice
potato
tomato
8
the meiji rulers sought to strengthen japan by
defeating russia in the russo-japanese war
attacking the us naval bases in korea
increasing family values
embracing foreign ideas, institutions, and techniques
9
the economic success in the us in the 19th century was exemplified by the
all of these
us railroad network
rise of state and municipal governments
increase in manpower of us army
10
workers around the world primarily sough change
by participating in the political system through voting
through radical socialist ideology
by changing jobs
by striking
11
the most successful export from west africa after abolition was
gold
illicit slaves
palm oil
ivory
12
in continental europe, industries such as iron, construction, and machinery were stimulated by
increase in labor
use of slave labor
the crimean war
railroads
13
napoleon became europe’s first popular dictator because
promised order to an exhausted society
was needed since france was occupied by foreign armies
held the promise of a new french empire
threatened to overpower the french people
14
why the did slave trade end
slave revolts the humanitarian reform movements ended it
the soul could no longer support sugar crops
africa refused to sell slaves to the europeans anymore
the plantation system became self-sufficient
15
in "the wealth of nations", adam smith proposes that the government should
carefully regulate businesses
protect workers
leave business alone, except for enacting protective tariffs
not interfere in business
16
b/c canada didn't let women enter med school before 1895, first women doctors got degrees in
brazil
cuba
the us
argentina
17
which of the following did not contribute to the financial crisis that triggered the french rev
the costs of the seven years war
failure to collect taxes from the nobility
failure to collect taxes from the clergy
the costs of the american revolution
18
which was not one of the ways in which workers resisted harsh treatment
rioting and going on strike
being absent on mondays
doing poor quality work
frequently assassinating unpopular factory owners
19
women in the taiping rebellion were
expected to stay in school
allowed to work alongside men at occupation of their choice
organized into military brigades
relegated to the home
20
among cultural motives for new imperialism was a desire to
all of these
spread christianity
end oppressive treatment of women, like sati
abolish slavery
21
bismarck gave the vote to all adult males in order to
make a show of limiting his own partner
counteract the wealth of the aristocracy
guarantee the loyalty of the army
weaken the influence of middle class liberals
22
the african slave trade was perpetrated by
the hausa states
the madagascar empire
the sokoto caliphate
liberia
23
which of the following was NOT one of major eighteenth-century wars in europe?
war of spanish succession
thirty years war
french and indian war
seven years war
24
the french revolution
was a bloodless revolution
did not undermine the traditional monarchy
did not undermine the power of the catholic church
did not create an enduring form of representative democracy
25
madison is here
yes
yes
yes
yes
26
working class women transformed gender relations by
copying the tactics of the jacobins in the french rev
armed revolution
going on strike in the home
working outside the home
27
in 1810, spain's richest and most populous colony was
bolivia
mexico
peru
brazil
28
bismarcks plan to unite most german speaking people into a single state focused on using
industry and nationalism
democracy and liberalism
religion and conservatism
liberalism and language
29
the early industrial revolution's real beneficiaries were the
wealthy merchants
landowning gentry
serfs
middle class
30
besides conquering large amounts of territory, the new imperialism was most significant for
creating a global economy of suppliers and consumers
spawning racism within western society
reorganizing international cultural diversity
bruh
31
process of modernization in russia in 19th century was smoother than in the ottomon empire b/c
russian court emulated european fashion and languages
all of these
it had longer been an issue, starting with peter the great
alexander's reforms included bringing western advisers
32
when the parisian crowd marched to versailles, it
petitioned the crown for assistance
demanded a change from civil to common law
beheaded marie antoinette
demanded the return of the royal family to paris
33
by 1900, the nation that controlled the majority of the world’s trade and finances was
the us
germany
great british
russia
34
railways built by european or american engineers with equipment from the west. exception was in
japan
mexico
russia
china
35
iron production was transformed by abraham darby's discovery that
machines could hammer iron better than humans
mills operated by hydroelectric power produced stronger iron
people worked better for higher wages
coke could be used in place of charcoal in smelting process
36
what were the goals of monarchs from prussia and russia in supporting enlightenment?
they favored a monopoly on joint-stock companies
expansion of royal authority over localism, religious —>
they secured the social order in favor of the nobility
institutions, and the nobility
37
with the end of colonialism in the americas, amerindians
could control their own destinies
we’re deported from the continent
lost the protection of the colonial powers
could once could settle on their own lands
38
women typically earned
as much as men
twice as much as men
nothing, as if their service was tenure service to the owner
one-third to one-half as much as men
39
in tokugawa japan, the political power rested in the hands of the
bureaucracy
emperor
merchants
shoguns
40
who was the most famous early nineteenth century nationalist
john d rockefeller
emma goldman
cecil rhodes
giuseppe mazzini
41
historians use the term new imperialism to refer to the west's
attempt to use propganda as a tool of empire
im so fucken over this
use of industrial tech to impose its will on nonindustry
all of these
42
some women sought satisfaction outside of the home and became involved
in working for women’s suffrage
in working as volunteer social workers or nurses
in organizing reform movements
all of these
43
free-trade imperialism in latin america meant
that european powers were free to be involved there
economic dependence instead of direct colonization
all of these
a military buildup in latin american countries
44
the women's rights convention was held in
boston, massachusetts
toronto, canada
seneca falls, NY
washington, D.C.
45
after war for greek independence, mahmud II
made alliances with western europe
created a new artillary unit and bombarded the janissaries
eliminated the power of religious elite
attacked persia
46
although imperialism was not new to europeans, this period was uniquely characterized by
wars of aggression and political assassination
retarded growth and slow development
all of these
unprecedented annexations of territory by western powers
47
the enlightenment was the intellectual movement in which
ideas of renaissance applied to society
methods of scientific revolution applied to human society
methods of protestant reformation applied to society
methods of confucian examination system applied to society
48
robespierre was a member of which political party
feulliants
the mountain
royalists
girondins
49
single women and married women both did factory work but for difference reasons
married women worked when husbands couldn't support families
married women worked if their husbands worked dangerous jobs
single women worked to make friends and be social
married women worked to put their children through school
50
the declaration of rights of man was
the first french constitution
a contract between king & national assembly outlining rights
the french version of the declaration of independence
the manifesto of the committe of public safety
51
as a result of industrialization, the relationship between western europe and non-western world
improved through increased communications
became based on western dominance
worsened through the savagery of slave trade
remained the same
52
"division of labor" in manufacturing means
having the worker make the entire product
dividing the labor unions in order to weaken them
dividing work into specialized and repetitive tasks
dividing work products into capitalists and communists
53
according to marx, the end of worker exploitation would occur when
war broke barrier of nationalism&included colonist countries
workers tired of being have nots and stood up to oppressors
free democracy replaced all entrenched monarchies in europe
scientific socialism was proven by the intellectuals
54
despite the dominance of the french military, the british defeated napoleon’s navy in 1805 at
jutland
lepanto
waterloo
trafaglar
55
one direct result of the russo-japanese wae in 1904-1905 was the
acquisition of colonies in africa
overthrow of the japanese emperor
overthrow of the russian tsar
revolt that forced creation of the duma&new constitution
56
king louis XVI called a meeting of estates general, the french national legislature, because
only it would control the violent peasantry
he wanted to demonstrate the power of the throne
he needed its consent to impose martial law
the french elite would not consent to new taxes
57
a french army was driven out of mexico by
simon bolivar
benito juarez
tupac amaru II
aldo suarez
58
the 19th century movement that defended workers against their employers was
millenarianism
social darwinism
the labor union movement
liberalism
59
which of the following was not a result of the treaty of nanking
qing paid 21 million ounces of silver to england
china able to retain tariffs to protect fledging industries
british residents granted extraterritoriality
british opened 5 "treaty ports"
60
an argument to end slavery was that it
immoral and violated universal human rights
all of these
slowing down technological developments
leading to the overpopulation of african americans
61
a naturalist who worked for environmental preservation was
john de bois
john goodall
john locke
john muir
62
in 1787, the assembly of notables
sought to protect their own interests
were the first socialist government in french history
declared war on russia to raise money
acted as a rubber stamp for new reforms and taxes
63
as a result of the french revolution, King Louis XVI was
deported
elected
beheaded
enriched
64
the tanzimat proclamations
called for redistribution of wealth
called for public trials and equal protection under the law
called for destruction of university system
punished janissaries and other secret military societies
65
the first british settlers in australia were
soldiers who had been mustered out
indentured servants
recruited from settlements in india
exiled convicts
66
the biggest weakness of the tokugawa shogunate was the inability to resist invasion; therefore,
the shogun instituted military reforms
japan welcomed foreigners and learned from them instead
japan closed its border to foreigners
the emperor proposed intense military training
67
simon bolivar created gran columbia, which unified
the spanish- and portuguese-speaking territories
venezuela, columbia, and ecuador into one nation
central and south america into one coalition
haiti, antigua, and brazil into one nation
68
russian govt viewed industrialization
as the wave of the future
with limited interest, preferring to import industrial goods
as a necessary evil
as a sign of the decline of respect for religious authority
69
in southeast asia, a rising generation of nationalists were inspired by
radical anti-christian factions
awareness of other nationalist and modernizing movements in|
india, china, and japan
yung cash register aka lil broomstick
70
the colonies offered job opportunities to european women, who often became
wives for indigenous men
missionaries, teachers, and nurses
colonial officers and administrators
lawyers and doctors
71
the zulu succeeded in created a new
national economic system
economic system based on cowrie shells
system of writing
national identity
72
when the typewriter and telephone were first used in business in the 1880s
businessmen found that they’re ideal tools for women workers
widespread job losses resulted
only men could use them
they were a failure because people feared new inventions
73
a significant method of instilling nationalism was
declaring an official dialect of india, hindi
establishing schools and universities
trying to streamline the hindu and parsi religions
running railroads, mixed all members of caste systems
74
napoleon won the support of the peasantry and middle class by
giving tax rebates
of property
allowing any peasant to become a member of the bourgeoisie
rewriting french law to assert equality in law & protection>
75
the meiji transformed the govt and incorporated
chinese practices in govt, edu, indust, and popular culture
russian practices in govt, edu, indust, and popular culture
european practices in govt, edu, indust, and popular culture
only japanese practices
76
why were women considered well suited for teaching jobs
teaching was an extension duty of victorian mothers
they were better educated than men
women refused to do most other types of work
men were needed in factory work
77
the zulu kingdom rose primarily because
internal conflict over grazing and farm lands
individuals brought to power by the portuguese
conflicts brought over hunting lands and the gold rush
centralized african defense against british
78
the most persistent opponents of early ottoman reforms were the
jesuits
janissaries
hereditary elites
peasants and agriculturalists
79
the most revolutionary invention of the industrial revolution was james watt's
light bulb
saddle
cotton gin
steam engine
80
the confederation of 1867
was a political accord that was reached between canadians-->
created the dominion of canada with a central govt in ottawa
was an irish nationalist group that made invastion of canada
and pontiac indians over use of the great lakes
81
the jacobin members of the national convention were
loyal to the monarchy
middle-class democrats
advocates of military dictatorship
anarchists
82
the most obvious change in rural life during the industrial revolution was
the appearance of new roads, canals, and railroads
a population shift to rural areas
electrical power
an increase in leisure time
83
why did nationalism fail to unify russia and austria-hungary
their empires included many ethnic and language groups
their empires did not have a national anthem or flag
their empires never developed public education
their economies were too poor
84
most indentured servants left their homes because
were pressured by their governments to leave
hoped to better their economic and social position
were tricked and did not know where they were going
wanted religious freedom
85
when qing banned importation of opium, the brits
stopped growing it
sold opium in the new world
made it illegal in england as well
sent naval and marine forces to china
86
care and support of the new infrastructure by municipal governments included all except
fire protection
garbage removal
health inspectors
homeowner’s associations
87
the underlying goal of the british imperialism in the mid-nineteenth century was to
find a place to send convicts and “undesirables”
promise british trade overseas
control foreign territory
best other nations to new territories
88
which of the following is not a factor that gave britain a head start in the industrial rev
world's leading exporter in tools, guns, hardware, & others
recovered from plague more quickly than the rest of europe
it had the largest merchant marine
it was highly commercial, many people involved in trade
89
the founder of the taiping (great peace) movement, hong xiquan
led a revolution that transformed asia forever
was assassinated by members of the armed forces
was inspired by christianity
advocated nonviolence
90
which of these was not an area of colonization for britain
north america
india
near east
japan
91
the major technical advantages influencing european dominance were
numismatics and metallurgy
food preservation and print technology
communications and mobility
cash and market economics
92
growth of towns and cities was easier by railways, creating commuter society, this affected who
middle class entrepreneurs escaping to country estates
the wealthy, who could afford train tickets
students traveling to universities
working class laborers in suburbs
93
a significant point of dispute between france and germany was
germany's desire to get france out of africa
germany's seizure of alsace and lorraine
germany's assault on french naval supremacy
germany's support for alfred dreyfus
94
the root cause of the crimean war was
ottoman domination of serbia
russia's desire to control constantiople
russia's siding w/ greece during 1829 independence movement
russia's desire to expand for naval access to mediterranean
95
decision to grant colonies home rule or autonomy to elect own parliaments usually depended on
how strong an army the native population had
the presence or absence of european settlers
my bladder is abt to explode if i go pee rn
how valuable their raw materials were for industrialism
96
in the us, factory owners opened their factories with commitment to decent wages &housing
but eventually lowered wages&imposed longer hours
none of these
soon rejected female workers in favor of child laborers
and continued to improve a lot of workers
97
a tactic taken by colonial administrations to gain cooperation of indigenous people was to
start tribal war then intervene to obtain local cooperation
hire youths for modern jobs within colonial govt
build hospitals and schools and hope for goodwill
im so donesn iosreg siuohuesijlgheiurg
98
the suez canal inadvertently assisted imperialism by
lower shipping costs,shipping&making steamships for trade
look like this on test
the answer for this is hella paraphrased, answer wont <--
making a deal with egypt to sell out other african nations
99
the overthrow of the venezuelan, mexican, &bolivian colonial governments was initially led by
landowning creoles
merchant class
slaves
the uneducated peasantry
100
what was not one of the five major contributors to industrialization
increased production in iron
innovation in biochemistry
the steam engine
electricity
101
africans wanted european manufactured goods, so when the slave trade ended, they
hired european consultants to develop factories
learned to manage without european goods
expanded their “legitimate” trade by developing new exports
were never able to afford european goods
102
eastern african states are referred to as secondary empires because they were
not run as efficiently as most empires
not much smaller than ordinary empires
based on trade and not agriculture
not directly controlled by euros, supplied with euro weapons
103
the tennis court oath was
his nobility to swear their oath of allegiance to 2nd estate
a ceremony on a tennis court in which louis XVI required-->
convene again without a constitution
the declaration by the third estate that they would not -->
104
friedrich list, the german economist, argued that
england was unfairly opressing religious minority
capitalism was doomed to fall in the wake of revolution
laissez-faire economics could not work in continental europe
germany could compete w/ gb by erecting british tariffs
105
which technological improvement didnt change argentine cattle industry at end of 19th century
the invention of barbed wire
refrigeration
antibiotics
the steamship
106
when britain couldnt get tea to meet demand&china didnt import enough british goods, the brits
started the illicit trade of opium
tried to destroy china's production of silk
bombed saipei
supported bannerman to overthrow qing
107
what is this
hell
hell
hell
hell
108
in order to build the panama canal, the united states
formed an alliance with france
negotiated a lease with the panamanian government
supported a panamanian rebellion against columbia
all of these
109
which of the following would john locke have argued?
functioning society
people have the right to rebellion
king appointed by divine will of god, people must respect
abolition of private property is necessary for a —>
110
leaders of meiji japan planned to remain free from western imperialism by
restricting western access to japan
negotiating with western diplomats
keeping out all foreign influences
becoming a world-class industrial power
111
the enlightenment’s intellectual ferment most deeply influenced the
poor
middle class
nobility
clergy
112
napoleons plans for european conquest were held in check by the naval supremacy of
portugal
spain
britain
the netherlands
113
the reign of terror
mutilated many nobles
all of these
made a new calender without sundays
killed hundreds of cats in paris
114
people who wanted slavery to be outlawed were called
populists
libertarians
deconstructionists
abolitionists
115
after the profitability of sugar plantations declined, the british
pushed for the end of slavery
none of these
planted opium instead
focused on rum production
116
the creation of a unified kingdom in southeastern africa under shaka zulu was intended to
build a structured state and an organized economy
assert africans rights of home rule
organize an army to expel german colonists from the region
quell unrest over pastoral lands among tribal chiefdoms
117
the revolutions of 1848 convinced politicians that
they couldnt keep the people out of politics forever
use of media was the most important tool
the common person should never participate in politics
democracy was an unworkable system
118
who objected to junta central in spainish america
poor farmers
loyalists to the king
indigenous workers
loyalists to the nation of spain
119
how did industrialization change china's relationship with the west
industrialization caused china and western workers to unite
european nations "shared the wealth" with china
european steam powered gunboats humiliated china's military
europe demanded chinese immigration for factory work
120
the mexican revolutionaries jose maria morelos and miguel hidalgo y costilla were
physicians
labor union organizers
military officers
priests
121
in response to economic depression, hunger, and high bread prices in 1789, a parisian crowd
took the entire national assembly captive
attacked the bastille
beheaded marie antoinette
took the queen and king hostage
122
negative environment effects of 19th century industrialization included all except
smoke and particulate matter polluting the air
chemical and due materials dumped into rivers
large piles of waste product and slag left behind
depletion of the ozone layer
123
the british ninteenth century attitude toward europe has been called a policy of
laissez-faire
arrogance and conceit
divide and conquer
splendid isolation
124
who demanded that japan open its ports for refueling and trade
cecil rhodes
robert clive
matthew perry
tsar nicholas
125
factory work represented a radical difference from traditional rural work because
the family did not work together as a unit
women worked outside of the home
all of these
husbands worked separately from wives
126
the war for greek independence resulted in the
defeat of greek revolutionists and execution of all traitors
execution of sultan
complete destruction of ottoman empire
defeat of the ottomans by combined russian, british,&french
127
why was the sepoy rebellion a turning point in the history of india
all of these
british we’re finally rebuffed and withdrew from india
the sepoys successfully pushed british out of bengal
india came to be ruled directly by the british govt
128
the industrial rev created new demand for metals such as copper, zinc, and tin. this led to
a metal shortage
a mining boom in the us, chile, &mexico
widespread heavy metal poisoning
a depression of the precious metals market
129
britain's main strategy to eliminate competition in trade was to
send in saboteurs to destroy other countries' factories
flood market w/cheap goods&drive competitors out of business
suppress unionist activity that might interrupt productivity
send all the chartist reformers to australia
130
what prevented the depot rebellion in 1857 from becoming a full-scale revolution
british withdrawal from india
no sense of indian nationalism
rivalry between hindu and muslim sepoys
british sponsorship of home rule as a compromise
131
the stresses that led to taiping rebellion in the guanxi region were initially a result of
presence of many europeans in the region
social unhappiness and foreign intrusion
severe loss of rural population
the government prohibition against opium
132
much of cuba's dense forest was cut for
merchant and naval shipbuilding
expanding sugar production
cattle-grazing land
charcoal for new industries
133
until the 1870s, africans ruled 90 percent of africa; however, within a decade
euros invaded and divided africa in the scramble for africa
they had reclaimed the 10 percent lost in prior years
they had claimed a large portion of south asia
they had ended the oppression of the slave trade
134
urbanization had the greatest impact on
the elite, who came to cities to attend fashionable events
children, who attended school in cities
the poor, who came to the city from rural areas to work
the bourgeoise, who developed a professional class
135
urban planning methods in replacing old, crowded cities include
organizing neighborhoods according to immigrant nationality
maintaining traditional streets to appeal to nation memory
laying out new cities on rectangular grids
removing vestiges of medieval town halls
136
intellectuals pressing for reform in russia wanted all of the following except
college education for women
freedom of the press
a constitution
liberation of the serfs
137
england began importing raw cotton
to support southern states during the american civil war
because its export was stopped by other countries
because it badly needed the raw materials for its mills
b/c english parliament banned importation of cotton cloth
138
what was the british raj
british clothes
british school
british rule of india
british tea
139
the major decision of the berlin conference of 1884-1885 was the europeans could
only colonize africa by "effective occupation"
i really like kahoot!'s character limit! i love it because i
travel freely through any colony
colonize african only through individual treaties
140
when confronted with the choice of economic growth or environmental protection,
nations did not make a conscious choice between the two
some nations chose growth over protection
all nations choose economic growth
all nations choose environmental protection
141
which french estate declared itself to be the national assembly
first estate
fourth estate
third estate
second estate
142
one of rousseau’s most radial ideas was the the government
had to respond to calls for reform
should be abolished
was responsible for controlling businesses
authority rested on the consent of the governed
143
one of the greatest barriers to the european invasion of inland african territories was
all of these
the great african rivers
falciparum malaria
the lack of knowledge of the geography
144
why was industrialization of continental europe more difficult than in britain
europe lacked rivers
tariffs made transportation very expensive
ongoing wars slowed diffusion of british technologies->
and discouraged investment in industrial production
145
which of the following was not among the earliest reforms of the ottoman empire
standardization of land tenure
laws to protect women&children from abuse and abandonment
creation of european-style military units
standardization of taxation
146
sepoys were indian troops who
fought against the british in india
fought to end french occupation of bengal
fought against the nawabs
fought for hindu india against the muslims
147
one of the most significant reforms undertaken by japan's meiji oligarchs was
science and technology
all of these
adopting marxist economic policies
opening schools to train japanese students in western -->
148
industrial work had an enormous effect on the family because
it provided a study income for families
the move to the cities made families happier and more stable
work was removed from home &family members separated all day
factory work was safer than farm work
149
new forms of energy were important for industrialization, such as
the steam engine and electricity
hydroelectric power
horse power
gas turbine engines
150
when child labor laws began to pass in england,
factory owners refused to hire women or children
children were required to be paid minimum wage
factories were subject to regular inspection for health code
factory owners replaced children with irish immigrants

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