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Challenge and Transition in East Asia Flashcards | StudBud
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Challenge and Transition in East Asia
Challenge and Transition in East Asia
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1
What were the spheres of influence in China?
Christian groups looking to spread their religion
Inner circles of prominent government officials
Secret societies in China who were planning revolts and rebellions
Areas in which European powers had great power and exclusive trading rights
2
What was the outcome of the Opium War (1839 - 1842) between China and Britain?
The British agreed to stop trading opium with China
China agreed to open coastal ports to British trade and cede Hong Kong
China successfully blocked all British trade routes
China gained control of Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula
3
Who led the Tai Ping Rebellion and what was their ultimate goal?
Yuan Shigai, to modernize the Chinese military
Lin Zexu, to end the opium trade
Hong Xiuquan, to destroy the Qing Dynasty and create a new dynasty
Sun Yat-sen, to establish a constitutional democracy
4
In 1863 the Sat-Cho alliance (from Satsuma - Choshu) forced the shogun to promise an end to relations with the West
False
True
5
Which of these was NOT an effect on society of the Meiji Restoration
Western fashion became popular
Japan started practicing Christianity on a widespread scale
Western way of life (eating, social practices, hairstyles) became popular
People were not forced to relationships and jobs within a social class
6
Sun Yat-sen created a political party to fight against the Revolutionary Alliance
False
True
7
Open Door Policy is the doctrine that forced China to open up five ports for trade and do away with the Cantonese System
False
True
8
What three-stage reform process did Sun Yat-sen propose for China?
Military takeover, transitional phase, establishment of a democracy
Economic reform, land redistribution, industrialization
Peaceful negotiations, political revolution, establishment of communism
Westernization, cultural assimilation, democratic transition
9
Why did Western nations want to end Japan’s isolation under the Tokugawa shogunate's Sakoku policy?
To promote equal trading opportunities and expand global trade
To isolate Japan further from the rest of the world
To establish a communist government in Japan
To enforce military control over Japan's ports
10
What was the significance of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842?
It legalized the opium trade in China
It helped ensure the safety of Chinese citizens
It established Chinese control over the South China Sea
It gave Britain control of Hong Kong and opened five coastal ports to trade
11
What is the definition of a daimyo in Japanese history?
A powerful feudal lord in pre-Meiji Japan who ruled over a given territory
A type of ceremonial sword used by samurai warriors
A form of traditional Japanese poetry
A traditional Japanese dance form
12
Japan adopted a European model for their new schools
True
False
13
What does provincial mean?
Local
Heirarchy
National
State
14
The Boxers' slogan was “Support the Qing government and destroy the foreigner”
True
False
15
What was the significance of the 1889 constitution in Japan?
It established a parliamentary system with power in the legislative branch
It granted full political rights to all citizens, despite social class
It established a monarchy and abolished the political system
It established universal male suffrage and placed authority in the emperor
16
Why was General Yuan's government unpopular with the Nationalist Party and the rest of China?
All of the above
Yuan had been disloyal to the Qing Dynasty, which he had served
Yuan dissolved the new parliament, and attempted to seize power for himself
Yuan used murder and terror to destroy the new democratic institutions
17
Who were the Boxers, and what practice did they believe would protect them from bullets?
They were Chinese converts to Christianity who practiced meditation
They were foreign mercenaries hired to protect Chinese interests
People who were in charge of boxing new Chinese products for distribution
They were members of a secret organization who practiced shadowboxing
18
What is Sakoku?
The rules of Japanese society
Japan's policy of isolation from the rest of the world
The capital city of Japan
The military code of the samurai
19
Sun Yat-sen believed the Chinese needed unity under a strong government, or they would remain at the mercy of the West
False
True
20
How did the Meiji government address the issue of land ownership and taxation?
They made traditional daimyo lands private property of peasants
They imposed a fixed tax rate on all agricultural products
They abolished private land ownership and implemented communal farming
They introduced a system where landowners were responsible for paying taxes
21
Yuan's imperial and authoritarian style of governance led to the Chinese Civil War
True
False
22
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Kanagawa between Japan and the United States?
It granted exclusive trade privileges to European nations in Japan
It resulted in the annexation of Korea by Japan
It led to the complete isolation of Japan from foreign relations
It opened two ports to the West and established a U.S. consulate in Japan
23
What was one of the key causes of the Tai Ping Rebellion (1850 - 1864)?
Disagreements within the ruling Qing Dynasty
Religious conflict between different sects of Buddhism
Economic distress and foreign takeover of Chinese lands
Invasion by neighboring countries
24
What were some of the challenges faced by the new Chinese republic after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty?
Internal unrest and peasant dissatisfaction
Strong leadership under General Yuan Shigai
Lack of support from the urban middle class
Military takeover by foreign powers
25
What was the primary goal of the Meiji leaders in transforming Japan?
To maintain the traditional social structure
To create a modern industrialized nation and a strong military
To abolish education and limit women's rights
To establish exclusive privileges for the aristocracy
26
What were some of the consequences of the Boxer Rebellion for China?
The Boxers successfully drove all foreigners out of China
China had to pay large sums of money to the West and a weakened government
The Boxers established a new government that promoted democracy
China gained new territories and expanded its influence in Asia
27
How did Japan's territorial expansion contribute to its status as a major world power?
By annexing neighboring countries and gaining control over their resources
By acquiring new territories and securing valuable strategic locations
By establishing a sphere of influence in Southeast Asia
By isolating itself from the rest of the world
28
What were some of the internal problems that contributed to the decline of the Qing Dynasty?
Military invasions
Economic recession
Corruption, peasant unrest, and incompetence
Lack of technological advancements
29
What is a trade deficit?
When a country's total exports and imports are balanced
When a country exports more goods than it imports
When a country imports more goods than it exports
When a country's currency is stronger than other global currencies
30
Which political factions emerged during the Meiji period, and which one ultimately gained control?
The Isolationists and the Expansionists; the Isolationists gained control
The Conservatives and the Nationalists; the Nationalists gained control
The Monarchists and the Radicals; the Radicals gained control
The Liberals and the Progressives; the Progressives gained control
31
What was the main goal of the Open Door Policy?
To promote equal trading rights and prevent the colonization of China
To expand Chinese territory into neighboring countries
To establish a communist government in China
To isolate China from the rest of the world
32
The Chinese went to war against Japan over their advance into Korea, which the Chinese had controlled for a long time.
False
True
33
Which option is NOT an example of the desperate Chinese reforms that followed the Boxer Rebellion?
China increased the size of their military to prepare to fight the West
the civil service examination system was dropped
A new education system based on the Western model was adopted
Elections for a national legislative assembly were held
34
What is extraterritoriality?
The establishment of diplomatic embassies in foreign countries.
The practice of applying a country's laws to foreign citizens
The recognition of a country's territorial sovereignty by its neighbors
When foreign citizens are not subject to their host country's laws
35
What were some of the key industries that contributed to Japan's industrial growth during the Meiji period?
Spices and textiles
Weapons, shipbuilding, and sake
Silk and pottery
Tea and cotton
36
What was the Cantonese System?
A political movement advocating for the independence of Canton province
A system of government implemented by the Qing Dynasty in southern China
A form of martial arts practiced by Chinese rebels
A trading system that restricted European merchants to an outlet at Canton
37
What was the main goal of the Boxer Rebellion?
To promote religious tolerance and diversity in China
To drive all foreigners out of China
To overthrow the Qing Dynasty and establish a new government
To negotiate with foreign governments for better trade deals
38
Who proposed the Open Door Policy and why?
United States, U.S. companies wanted to operate in open markets
France, To promote territorial expansion and colonization of China
Russia, To support China's efforts to become a communist state
Britain, To establish a military presence in China and exert control
39
Why was the Opium Trade so dangerous for China?
Opium is highly addictive
Opium can cause loss the ability to move and memory loss
It is easy to overdose on Opioids
All of the above
40
When negotiations failed to improve the trade imbalance with China, what did the British turn to?
Negotiating with other European powers
Withdrawing from the Chinese market
Investing in Chinese industries
Trading opium
41
Who sailed into Edo Bay and forced the Japanese to resume contact with the West
Commodore Matthew Perry
Henry Stanley
President Fillmore
John Byng
42
How did the Meiji Restoration impact traditional social structures in Japan?
It led to further restrictions on women's rights
It abolished special privileges for the elite and let women seek education
It reinforced the privileges of the aristocracy
It had no effect on traditional social structures.
43
Who became the president of the new Chinese republic after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911?
Empress Ci Xi
General Yuan Shigai
Henry Pu Yi
Sun Yat-sen
