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Final Review WH 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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Final Review WH 1
Final Review WH 1
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1
What is an indulgence?
Money given to the church for charity.
Things Catholics give up for Lent.
Pardon for sin.
Increased time in heaven.
2
What are the "Humanities"?
Philosophy that stressed narrowing the human imagination.
A series of paintings by Leonardo Da Vinci.
Subjects taught by the Greeks and Romans.
Literature, philosophy, history, politics, religion, art.
3
What does the term 'Renaissance' mean?
Retribution
Resistance
Recycle
Rebirth
4
How did the manor system serve the needs of the people in it?
Increased opportunities for peasants and lord's wealth.
Safety/security for peasants and wealth/prestige for lords.
Encouraged peasants to be independent.
Ensured humane treatment for peasants.
5
Why was the Church the most powerful institution during the Middle Ages in W. Europe?
It raised taxes on the nobility.
The pope declared his absolute power to make all decisions.
People were forced to buy goods from Church markets.
It exercised power over spiritual life and secular affairs.
6
Name of the strait linking the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Dire Strait
Strait of Messina
Doofus Strait
Bosporus Strait
7
What legacy did Charlemagne leave?
He left no legacy.
He worked to stop the spread of Christianity.
He started free elections.
He worked to create a Christian, unified, Europe.
8
What type of religion is Islam?
Polyfantastic
Secular
Monotheistic
Wealthy
9
Witch hunts were most deadly in the German states, Switzerland, and France because:
They had higher populations of outcasts.
Those countries had the most religious conflicts.
Protestants had a special fear of magic and the devil.
The Inquisition was the most powerful in those areas.
10
How did economic success fuel the proliferation of art in Italy?
Italian merchants gained wealth - became patrons of artists.
The Renaissance spread quickly to other countries.
New city-states emerged to sponsor the Renaissance.
Artists had more money to buy better art supplies.
11
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Iberia
Italy
Flanders
Austria
12
A loosely organized system in which powerful lords divided their lands among lesser lords.
Fiefdoms
Feudalism
Medievalism
Chivalry
13
The discoveries of astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo:
Established the fact of a helio-centric universe.
Reinforced most traditional teachings of the Church.
Were supported by most scientists at the time.
Proved Ptolemy correct in view of earth-centered system.
14
What did the priest Johann Tetzel do that prompted Martin Luther to take action?
Tetzel challenged Luther to debate the 95 theses.
Tetzel sold Bibles printed in Latin
Tetzel accused Luther of heresy.
Tetzel sold indulgences.
15
What is an example of Islamic architecture?
Hippodrome of Constantinople
Arc de Triomphe
Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
The Great Pyramids
16
What themes and purposes were common to the writers Erasmus, Thomas More, and Rabelais?
Valuing justice and organized religion.
Ideal societies and how to achieve them.
Vernacular and rejecting realism.
Humanism, education, and social reforms.
17
In the Great Schism of 1054, eastern and western Christianity:
split permanently into Roman Catholic and Byzantine Churches
sponsored the Crusade that captured Jerusalem.
joined together.
allowed different religions to convert to Christianity.
18
Which of the following answer(s) was a benefit of the printing press?
Catholicism spread
Cheaper books
More people illiterate
Religious reformers spread ideas
19
How is the Plague of the 1300s in Europe related to the Renaissance?
New medicines led to the Scientific Revolution.
It caused it.
The population drop caused changes in the economy...
Merchants got wealthier because of food shortages.
20
The Council of Trent is important because it:
established the bible as the only source of religious truth
reaffirmed views of salvation, tried to end RCC corruption
reinforced the idea of salvation through Protestantism
brokered peace between Protestants and Catholics in Europe.
21
Isaac Newton's contributions were revolutionary because he:
Combined physics, math, astronomy to explain planet movement
Totally disproved the Ptolemaic beliefs about the sun orbit.
Developed the laws of geometry still used today.
Was totally responsible for all advances in science.
22
What describes a main cause of the Northern European Renaissance?
Invention of the printing press.
Discovery of realistic painting techniques.
Shift from urban to agricultural lifestyles.
End of the Plague.
23
In Europe - the thousand years between the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance is:
Byzantine Empire
Age of Justinian
Middle Ages
Age of Constantine
24
1: Italy's location good for trade. 2: ____ 3: Italy's family's became art patrons. Best #2 =
Italian traders gained wealth and power.
Italian merchants helped artists study in Muslim lands.
New Italian city-states emerged.
Renaissance spread from Italy to other countries.
25
Luther helped shape the Protestant Reformation by:
Encouraging and supporting the Peasant's Revolt.
Setting up a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland.
Successfully challenging abuses of the Catholic Church.
Working with Anabaptists to form a united front.
26
Two elements of Constantinople's location that helped it flourish:
Trade agreements and low taxes.
Religious tolerance and acceptance of refugees.
Wealthy merchants who supported the arts.
Defendable harbor and it was on a major trade route.
27
Students who have endured World History 1 report that it can be improved by:
taking World History 2 next year.
going on a long vacation, pretending it never happened.
using learning to see influences of past today.
forgetting everything over the summer.
28
What was one artistic impact of the Italian Renaissance?
Technique that gave paintings a three dimensional look
The use of more religious themes than in the Middle Ages.
Art became less realistic.
Art was only produced for wealthy patrons.
29
Due to changes in agriculture, such as crop rotation, between the years 1000 and 1300:
Many people left for America.
The population doubled.
Farmers went bankrupt.
The population crashed.
30
How did the printing press impact Europe?
It encouraged the use of Latin as a common language.
Printed Bibles helped unite the different protestant groups.
It allowed ideas to spread more quickly.
It made the Counter-Reformation possible.
31
The wish of Erasmus for a Bible in the vernacular illustrates the humanistic value of the:
Breaking from the Church unless demands are immediately met.
Desire to return to the classic scholarship.
Call for reform to make people more intellectually strong.
Demand that biblical teachings be more accessible to all.
32
"Gold and silver offer superficial pleasure...books give delight to very marrow of one's bones"
Shows how humanism promoted luxury over education/learning.
Shows humanism was a scam by the wealthy over the poor.
Acknowledges humanism's spiritual connection to learning.
Is an example of humanistic association of money w/learning.
33
The control of trade between Asia and Europe by Arab and Italian merchants caused:
a religious revival in Europe.
Europeans outside Italy to search for direct access to USA.
a disruption of trade of luxury goods.
Europeans outside Italy to search for direct access to Asia.
34
Why did Columbus reach the Caribbean rather than Asia?
He ran out of food and water and had to stop there.
He underestimated Earth's circumference.
He thought the Earth was flat.
He didn't know he was heading West.
35
How did waves of invasions lead to the manor system?
Showed everyone how much they had in common with invaders.
It caused people to feel the need for more protection.
New immigrants contributed to prosperity.
People moved to new countries for jobs.
36
Why is the work of Andreas Vesalius important to medicine?
His book accurately describing anatomy helped scientists.
His microscope allowed scientists to see microorganisms.
His work with ointments prevented infections.
He studied the heart and circulatory system.
37
What is
not
a reason why prejudice against Jews increased in the late 1000s?
Jews lived in Jewish areas which increased suspicions.
Jews were concentrated in money activities like banking.
Christians blamed Jews for the death of Jesus.
Jews started to attend Christian churches which led to anger
38
Which of Calvin's beliefs set him apart from Catholics?
Predestination.
His belief in papal infallibility.
Link between personal wealth and salvation.
Acceptance of religious rituals.
39
King Henry VIII hoped that by breaking with the Catholic Church he would:
Ensure the right of his daughters to inherit the throne.
Become the leader of the Reformation in Europe.
End papal authority in England.
Free Church worship from Catholic-style rituals.
40
During the Renaissance, why did Christians from all levels of society grow impatient with RCC?
Other religions promised a better heaven than Catholics did.
They felt the Church was corrupt and cared more about money.
Priests ad nuns had to pay a lot of money to join them.
They felt it didn't educate young people enough.
41
How did the Church's spiritual authority lead to political power?
People thought the Church was fire.
The powerful members would get elected.
Priests ran for public office, like mayor or president.
Secular rulers gave in rather than face excommunications.
42
"The end justifies the means" - "get and hold power" are of Italian author of "The Prince":
Castiglione
Ptolemy
Decartes
Machiavelli
43
Why is it important the scientific method (Descartes/Bacon) is structured and step by step?
It makes it possible to always prove a hypothesis correct.
It makes it harder to duplicate the final result.
Ensures observations/discoveries can be repeated.
It ensures all scientists start with a hypothesis.
44
What best describes Shakespeare's genius as a writer.
He always pushed for social reform.
He rejected ideal societies of peace.
He expressed universal themes in everyday settings.
He explored radical ideas.
45
How did the culture of the German tribes that conquered part of Rome's Emp. differ from Rome's?
They took oaths to never accept Christianity.
They had no cities or written laws.
People lived without kings or leaders.
They lived off the land, mostly hunting and gathering.
46
Why did guilds develop?
Absolute monarchs ordered artisans to join together.
Laws changes which led to a shortage of money.
Merchants and artisans needed to band together.
To stop shortage of labor - young people went to tech school
47
The success of the Church brought problems because as wealth and power grew:
people wanted to try new forms of Christianity.
the Church clergy grew more worldly and many lived in luxury
the Church invested in casinos.
Bibles were burned to protest.
48
Some similarities between Jews, Christians, Muslims are:
Belief in only chosen leaders like rabbis, priests, imams.
Belief in prophets, final judgement, one God, holy books.
They all hate each other.
Belief in 10 Commandments and prayer throughout the day.
