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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
2
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
3
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
4
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
terminal button
myelin
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
5
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
6
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
7
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
8
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
9
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
10
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
pons
hypothalamus
11
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
12
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
a mental set
belief perseverance
13
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
14
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
serial position effect
15
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
16
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
sensory cortex
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
17
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
18
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
cognitive
behavioral
evolutionary
19
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
adrenaline
20
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
archetypes
21
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
22
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
23
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
24
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
25
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
habituation
accommodation
discrimination
26
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
27
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
mirror neurons
modeling
sublimation
28
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebellum
29
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
30
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
31
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
social facilitation
disinhibition
conformity
32
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
family
environment
culture
33
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
34
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
anal stage
oral stage
latency period
35
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
social
dispositional
situational
36
The WISC is a...
Intelligence test
none of these
personality test
Personality inventory
37
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
38
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
low self-esteem
39
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
triarchic
achievement
standardized
40
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
41
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
42
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
43
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
naturalistic observation
experiment
case study
44
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
iris
blind spot
45
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
46
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
closure
linear perspective
convergence
47
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
episodic memory
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
48
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
49
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
rooting
stepping
Babinski
50
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
51
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
median
standard deviation
range
52
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
53
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
54
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
insight learning
55
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
56
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
schizophrenic
anixety
personality
57
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
58
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
59
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
EQ test
IQ test
aptitude test
60
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
61
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
62
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
variances
modes
normally distributed
63
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic nerve
feature detectors
optic chiasm
64
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
65
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
66
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
group polarization
67
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
68
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
tolerance
activation-synthesis
antagonists
69
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
latent learning
70
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
content validity
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
71
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
standardization
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
72
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
73
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
74
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
hearing
sight
smell
75
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
social-cognitive
trait
psychoanalyst
76
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
77
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
78
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
79
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
token economy
law of effect
80
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
81
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
82
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
personalities
circadian rhythm
83
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
84
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
attachment
object permanence
universal ethical principles
85
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
86
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
87
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
sleep spindles and k complexes
delta waves
NREM
beta waves and delta waves
88
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
planning for the future
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
89
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
90
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
91
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
hearing
balance
sight
92
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
93
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
94
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
in-group bias
individualism
self-serving bias
95
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
sensory adaptation
96
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
random assignment
97
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
98
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
fundamental
internal
external
99
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
say a sentence
100
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
101
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
102
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
103
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
104
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : decrease
105
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
group polarization
deindividuation
social facilitation
106
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
mean
range
standard deviation
107
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
parenting style
motor development
attachment
108
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
109
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
110
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
111
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
trait theory
112
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
frequency theory
113
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
autism
114
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
115
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
EEG
MRI
rTMS
116
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
morpheme
117
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
118
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
119
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
120
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
121
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
difference threshold
122
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
123
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
124
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
125
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
126
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
late 40s
mid 30s
early 20s
127
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
128
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
129
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
130
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
131
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
standard deviation
a mean that is the same as the median
correlation coeifficient
probability
132
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
133
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
134
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
135
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
cognitive
136
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
137
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
138
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
cognitive
139
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
inattentional blindness
140
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
projection
reaction formation
displacement
141
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
humanistic
biological
142
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
long-term memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
143
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
144
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
145
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
lithium
146
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
147
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
cognitive
behavioral
pharmacological
148
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
token economies
149
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
disconnection from reality and delusions
150
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
151
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
152
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
153
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
154
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
155
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
156
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
157
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
just world bias
false consensus effect
158
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
primary
continuous
partial
159
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
rods
cornea
cones
160
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave