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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
2
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
3
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
4
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
5
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
triarchic
standardized
projective
6
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
framing effects
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
7
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
8
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
9
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
10
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
11
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
12
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
in-group bias
13
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
14
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
15
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
16
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
17
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
iris
retina
blind spot
18
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
19
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
rooting
Babinski
Moro
20
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
EEG
rTMS
MRI
21
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
22
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
23
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
touch
balance
sight
24
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
autism
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
25
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
26
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
27
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
planning for the future
28
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
29
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
content validity
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
30
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
31
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
32
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
medulla
amygdala
cerebellum
33
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
34
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
35
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
cognitive
36
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
37
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
38
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
39
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
L-Dopa
lithium
40
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
modeling
41
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
mean
median
42
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
experiment
case study
correlation study
43
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
feature detectors
optic nerve
44
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
45
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
46
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
47
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
positive psychology
48
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
49
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
50
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
51
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
52
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
auditory canal
53
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
low self-esteem
54
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
theory Y
55
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
external
internal
fundamental
56
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
57
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
biological theory
58
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
59
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
difference threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
60
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
61
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
62
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
63
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
64
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
65
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
66
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
cognitive
trait
humanistic
67
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
68
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
69
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
standard deviation
70
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
71
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
central route persuasion
72
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
variable interval
fixed variable
fixed ratio
73
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
terminal button
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
74
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
75
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
76
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
random assignment
77
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
78
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
79
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
80
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
REBT
token economies
systematic desensitization
81
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
82
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
assimilation
habituation
accommodation
83
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
84
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
aptitude test
85
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
behavior shaping
86
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
87
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
88
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
phoneme
grapheme
morpheme
89
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
90
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
91
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
a mental set
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
92
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
93
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
94
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
parenting style
assimilation
motor development
95
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
96
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
displacement
projection
reaction formation
97
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
alpha waves
beta waves
sleep spindles
98
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
99
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
100
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
pharmacological
cognitive
behavioral
101
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
convergence
linear perspective
102
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
103
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
104
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
William James
B.F. Skinner
105
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
standardization
106
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : decrease
remove : punish
107
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
anal stage
oral stage
phallic stage
108
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
behavioral
psychoanalytic
cognitive
109
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
110
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
just world bias
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
111
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
112
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
113
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
114
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
smell
sight
hearing
115
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
116
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
117
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
118
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
conformity
social facilitation
disinhibition
119
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
dissociative
anixety
schizophrenic
120
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
121
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
episodic memory
122
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
123
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
124
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cornea
cones
rods
125
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
psychodynamic
biological
evolutionary
126
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
127
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
standard deviation
median
range
128
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
dissociation
tolerance
antagonists
129
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
130
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
131
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
132
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
133
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
134
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
135
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
136
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
social
behavioral
dispositional
situational
137
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
leading questions
relearning effect
proactive interference
138
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
139
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
140
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
141
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
clap their hands
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
142
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
143
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
144
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
145
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
latent learning
the law of effect
social learning theory
146
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
social-cognitive
humanist
psychoanalyst
147
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
personalities
circadian rhythm
daily activities
148
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
partial
primary
continuous
149
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
temperament
environment
family
150
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
151
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
social facilitation
deindividuation
group polarization
152
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
variances
normally distributed
outliers
153
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
overconfidence
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
154
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
155
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
156
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
68
95
50
157
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
158
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
159
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
mid 30s
puberty
late 40s
160
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
161
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
162
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
163
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
biological
humanistic
psychoanalytic