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Houmanfar's Psychology 101 Final: Chapter 2 (Methods of Psychology) Flashcards | StudBud
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Houmanfar's Psychology 101 Final: Chapter 2 (Methods of Psychology)
Houmanfar's Psychology 101 Final: Chapter 2 (Methods of Psychology)
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#Houmanfar #Psychology #Chapter 2 #Final
Flashcards
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1
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Laboratory studies have a low degree of control
Laboratory studies may artificially distort behavior
Laboratory studies have a high degree of control
Lab studies are always generalizable to the real world.
2
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naturalistic
between-groups
within-subject
correlational
3
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always
never
may or may not
can't
4
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data collected in an area with controlled conditions.
data are collected using the observational method
data collected w/ one or more manipulate dependent variables
data are analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.
5
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subjects tend to behave normally.
subjects tend to behave differently.
researchers can control experimental conditions.
researchers can collect data in a more uniform manner
6
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independent variable
subject-expectancy
observer-expectancy
biased measurements
7
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the Hawthorne effect
introspection
habituation
naturalistic observation
8
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Observer-expectancy
Subject-expectancy
double-blind
criterion
9
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independent variables; descriptive study
manipulations; correlational study
dependent variables; an experiment
independent variables; an experiment
10
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No causation can be drawn.
Listening to pop music causes teenagers to be violent.
Violent inclinations cause teenagers to listen to pop music.
Being a teenager cause violence and listen to pop music.
11
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control group; control their sunburns
subject-expectancy; tell the subjects about the sun-screen
observer-expectancy; repeat experiment w/ better expectation
biased sample; repeat the experiment without biased samples
12
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observer-blindness
subject-blindness.
observer-expectancy
subject-expectancy
13
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p value; prove they are important to the overall study
g value; no error in the statistics diagnostic.
p value; a large prob. the results are due to chance alone.
p value; small prob. that results caused by chance alone.
14
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Correlation Studies
Experiment
Laboratory Studies
Descriptive Studies
15
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correlational study
test
descriptive study
experiment
16
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8
5
7
6
17
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error=inevitable & random; bias=random
They are interchangable
error=fixable; bias=non-fixable
error=random; bias=inevitable & random
18
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self-report
naturalistic observation
test
laboratory study
19
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was an exceptional animal whose unusual intelligence
respond to movements by unconscious questioner and audience
learned to respond to secret signals he was taught
was trained with flash cards and mechanistic devices
20
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Correlation
Variability
Significance
Bias
21
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the study is conducted in a highly controlled setting
the study is conducted in a real-world setting
the study is conducted in the laboratory
the study is conducted in an academic field
22
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experimental; less; field; self-report
correlational; more; field; observational
experimental; more; laboratory; observational
experimental; less; laboratory; observational
23
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Strategy to all the students and all take same test.
Group 1: note-taking strategy; Group 2: no strategy
None of the above
Exam into two groups: note-taking strategy and no strategy
24
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Only one variable is manipulated at a time
The variables are compared after they have been manipulated
Human behavior is too variable
Neither variable is manipulated
25
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statistical significance
reliability
an independent variable
face validity
26
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statistically significant
biased
accurate
valid
27
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experimental
laboratory
descriptive
correlational
28
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Theory
Experiment
Hypothesis
Fact
29
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fast; slowly
long; shortly
tightly; loosely
difficult; easily
30
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p < .05
p > .05
p > .5
p < .5
31
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observe them and act accordingly
perceive them and behave unsuitably
disagree with those beliefs
deviate from the experiment
32
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biased sample; criterion
criterion; biased sample
independent variable; dependent variable
dependent variable; independent variable
33
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less likely to distort the participant's behavior.
less likely to present uniform conditions.
more likely to produce quantifiable data.
more likely to produce unbiased data.
34
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a self-reported study
a laboratory study
a field study
an experiment
35
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observer-expectancy effects.
neither observer-expect effects nor subject-expect effects
observer-expectancy effects and subject-expectancy effects.
subject-expectancy effects.
36
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biased
reliable
independent
blind
37
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less; 5
more; 95
more; 5
less; 95
38
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biased sampling
observer-expectancy effects
subject-expectancy effects
poor reliability
39
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inferential statistic
standard deviation
correlational coefficient
median
40
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Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Statistical Analysis of Error and Bias
Statistical Analysis of Random Variables
41
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Theory
Fact
Experiment
Hypothesis
42
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when information is withheld from people in each sample
when information is withheld from people in each sample
when people in the sample are Demo. but listed as Rep.
when a sample is not representative of the larger population
43
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vary procedures which the horse's senses were blocked.
people who believed horse understood and answer ? correctly.
answers to the particular questions Clever Hans was asked.
% of questions that the horse answered correctly in a test.
