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Unit 6: The Enlightenment and Revolution Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 6: The Enlightenment and Revolution
Unit 6: The Enlightenment and Revolution
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#msscott #honorsworldhistory #unit 6 #enlightenment and revoutions
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1
System of thought that denies the interference of the Creator with thelaws of the universe
Atheism
Darwinism
Agnosticism
Deism
2
The period under the radical oligarchy in which 30,000 "enemies" were executed in France?
Le Temps du Guillotine
The Hard Times
The Great Fear
The Reign of Terror
3
When is Mexican Independence Day?
July 4, 1776
September 16, 1810
July 18, 1789
May 5, 1820
4
After what 1688 revolution in England did King William agree to honor rights of Englishmen
American War for Independence
The Glorious Revolution
The English Civil War
The Restoration
5
His failure to conquer what country lead to his downfall in 1812?
Austria
Russia
England
Spain
6
All of the following problems lead to King Louis XVI called for Estates-General EXCEPT...
Natural catastrophe (flooding)
Slow down of manufacturing
Bad harvest (caused famine & high cost of bread)
King spent too much on court luxuries & parties
7
What is the favorite word of Enlightenment thinkers?
Reason
Hope
Religion
Tradition
8
Why did peasants revolt in rural France and start a civil war against revolutionary government?
Support of Napoleon
Starting foreign wars
Execution of King
Govt attack on Catholic Church
9
Why did the creole elites take control of independence movements in Latin America?
They wanted to abolish slavery
They wanted to create a true mass democracy for all
Fear they would lose wealthy & political power to masses
They wanted to emulate the French Revolution
10
Napoleon was interested in republican ideals (democracy).
False
True
11
Due to pressures of foreign & civil wars, what radical oligarchy gained total control of France
The Marais
Committee of Public Safety
The Directory
12 Angry Men
12
Leader of Paris Commune who used urban masses to move a radical agenda forward
Marat
Robespierre
Danton
Saint Just
13
During the Enlightenment era, salons were...
Peasants' huts in countryside
Where the nobility lived
Rooms in wealthy homes where intellectuals debated ideas
What kings' castles were often called
14
Diderot's collection of information/evidence was used to attack all of the following EXCEPT
Creating a more human, reasonable society
Superstition
Intolerance
Slavery
15
Who was "big bully up north" due to its constant military& political interventions after 1898
France
Great Britain
Spain
The United States
16
Who were the sans-culottes in French society?
Peasants
Clergy
Urban (city) workers
Middle classes
17
Positives of Napoleon's reign included all EXCEPT
Embraced full rights for all citizens & democracy
Established national public school system
Codification of law (Napoleonic Code)
Stabilized the economy with new tax structure& national bank
18
Why is the domination of society by landed elites in Latin Am a problem for the masses?
Masses commonly revolt
No work for masses
Poverty & lack of food
19
Who is considered the father of modern laissez-faire capitalism?
Robert Reich
Karl Marx
John Maynard Keynes
Adam Smith
20
What two principles of Montequiue's from Spirit of Laws are part of the U.S. government?
Department of Treasury & Separation of Church and State
Electoral College & State governments
Congressional powers & Federal Reserve
Separation of Powers & Checks and Balances
21
PreEnlighten thinker thought man naturally selfish& thus absolute monarchy was best form of gov
Hobbes
Erasmus
Locke
Newton
22
All were economic problems in France in 1789 EXCEPT
Massive workers' strikes in the factories
Famine thus price of bread skyrocketing
Overspending by King at Versailles
Money lent to American revolutionaries
23
What did Montesquieu do in his work, Spirit of Laws?
Comparative study of governments
Attacked absolute monarchy
Created an encyclopedia on many subjects
Harshly criticize Christianity
24
All were reasons some of 2nd estate of France unhappy with govt of France before revo EXCEPT?
They did not have to pay taxes
It was absolute monarchy
Some were part of the Enlightenment
The country was bankrupt
25
What scientist developed the scientific method?
Vesalius
Galilelo
Copernicus
Newton
26
U.S. President tried to create a more positive relationship with Latin Am countries in 1930s
Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
Howard Taft
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
27
What did the urban working classes of Paris storm in support of new National Assembly?
Versailles
Bastille
Arc de Triomphe
Tuilleries Palace
28
What war did Santa Anna lose that cost him 1/3 of his nation's territory?
War of 1812
Spanish-American War
Napoleonic War
Mexican-American War
29
What 2 pre-Enlightenment philosophers' ideas were incorporated into the U.S. Constitution?
Newton & Vesalius
Erasmus & St. Thomas Aquinas
Hobbes & Locke
Voltaire & Rousseau
30
In what country did Enlightenment start and then spread to other European countries & future US
France
England
The Dutch Republic
Italy
31
What pre-Enlightenment era philosopher developed tabula rasa(blank slate)-all humans born equal
Rousseau
Locke
Montesquieu
Voltaire
32
All of the following rights EXCEPT what were guaranteed in the new constitution of France 1789?
Right to a free press
Right to vote for all white men of property
Right to free speech
Right to food & shelter for all
33
Pre-Enlightenment philosopher's social contract idea said authority of govt. comes from people
Voltaire
Montesquieu
Diderot
Locke
34
By summer 1794, foreign& civil wars were won, crises were over, Robespierre...
Declared himself Emperor of France
Continued executions of "enemies" of the revolution
Restored democracy and rights of free speech & press
Turned power over to Napoleon
35
In what document would the National Assembly destroy all relics of feudalism & noble privileges
The Magna Carta
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The Constitution
The Declaration of Independence
36
All of the following made up the third estate in the French social system EXCEPT...
King
Peasants
Bourgeoisie
Sans-Culottes
37
What did Louis XVI do that lead to his arrest and being held for trial as a traitor to France?
Refused to sign new constitution
Refused to leave Versailles palace
Tried to flee France
Served as a spy for England
38
What did Enlightenment thinkers believe they could discover in regards to human society?
New religious ideas
Chaos
Evidence to support medieval thinking
Natural law(s)
39
Why did the Third Estate revolt and move to form a new govt at the meeting of Estates-General?
King refused to allow representatives from Third Estate
Nobility refused to participate in meeting
King sided with them at meeting
Unfair voting practices
40
With what country did revolutionary France first go to war with in 1792-followed by many others
Austria
England (Great Britain)
Spain
Prussia
41
First European document that limited the power of kings & recognized rights of at least nobles
The Declaration of Independence
Magna Carta
Napoleonic Code
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
42
All were problems during 1795-1799 when Directory in charge EXCEPT
Dealing with France's loss to Austrian Empire
Men in govt were selfish & corrupt
Economic problems
43
How did Napoleon take control of the French government in 1799?
Nominated by the Directory
Violent civil war
Coup d'etat
Democratically elected
44
Who were the caudillos who took control of govts (like Mexico) after independence?
Military dictators
Kings
Democratically elected presidents
Native American revolutionary leaders
45
Who made up the second estate in the French social system?
Clergy
Peasants
Nobility/Aristocrats
Bourgeoisis
46
In what battle was Napoleon finally conquered and banished to a desert island?
Trafalgar
Waterloo
Burgundy
Moscow
47
What kind of government was established in 1792 after execution of King Louis XVI?
Republic
Oligarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
Military Dictatorship
48
Who was the leader of the radical oligarchy in France after 1792?
Condorcet
Danton
Robespierre
Marat
49
Why was there a reaction against the radical oligarchy?
They lost war against England
Govt had won foreign & civil wars, but executions continued
Economic failures
Sans culotte turned against them
50
What nation dominated Latin American economies soon after independence in early 1800s?
Great Britain (England)
The United States
The Netherlands (Holland/the Dutch)
France
51
What was the justification used for male domination of women in society?
Women did not want equality with men
Women were inherently inferior to men
Women were inherently dangerous
52
All of the following were commonly used words in the Enlightenment EXCEPT...
Tradition
Hope
Progress
Reason
53
The new constitution of France of 1789 was called...
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The Declaration of Independence
The Bill of Rights
The Social Contract
54
Who was Emiliano Zapata?
A U.S. President
A military dictator
A communist
A revolutionary leader for the poor landless, masses
55
What did Wollstonecraft argue in her work, Vindication of the Rights of Women?
Women should stay in the home & raise their children
Men were naturally inferior to women
Thinkers were hypocrites due to refusal to look at gender
That women were by nature evil
56
Who were the bourgeoisie in French society?
Middle classes
Clergy
Peasants
Urban (city) workers
57
Why were Latin American countries economically weak during 1870s-1930s...
The U.S. was NOT economically/politically dominated them
Import-export economies dominated by foreigners & rich elite
Experienced a number of communist revolutions
They had successfully industrially developed
58
Who made up the first estate in the French social system?
Nobility/Aristocrats
Clergy
Bourgeoisie
Peasants
59
In support of the new National Assembly, peasants in rural France attacked nobles and landlords
This was called Le Temps du Guillotine
This was called The Hard Times
The was called The Reign of Terror
This was called The Great Fear
60
What happened on October 5, 1789?
Parisians attacked the Bastille fortress
Marie Antoinette murdered by a group of women at Versailles
The King was executed
Parisian women marched to Versailles to take king to Paris
61
What did King Louis XVI's support of American revolutionaries do to France?
Allow king to conquer England
Gained new U.S. as strong ally
Gain America as new French colonies
Bankrupt it
62
What group made up 75-80% of the French population (were poor and paid heavy tithes & taxes)
Bourgeoisie
Clergy
Peasants
Sans-Culottes
63
What were the intellectuals of the Enlightenment era most commonly known as?
Philosophers
Thinkers
Sages
Philosophes
64
Who was worried that the French Revolution would spread into their own countries?
European middle classes
European monarchs
European clergy
European peasants
65
With whose work do most historians mark the beginning of the Scientific Revolution in the 16thc
Newton
Vesalius
Copernicus
Galileo
66
Philosophes believed in a spirit of "rational criticism" which means a willingness to...
Obey the King
Do what was done in Ancient Greece & Rome
Believe the Catholic Church
Question everything
67
Why was the guillotine invented?
To cruelly torture people before execution
To make everyone equal in death
68
Which was the only estate in France who HAD to pay taxes to the country?
Second Estate
Third Estate
First Estate
69
With what movement that preceded the Enlightenment were philosophes of it impressed by?
Scientific Revolution
Feudalism
Roman Empire
Protestant Reformation
70
What Latin American country had the first successful slave revolt & the first to be ndependent
Bahamas
Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic)
Jamaica
Aruba
71
Why did members of National Assembly move to execute Robespierre & rest of Committee in 1794
Fear that they would get executed
They were colluding with Kings of Austria & England
They were sick of the violence & blood shed
They wanted Napoleon to be in charge
72
All were reasons that peasants in France rebelled against revolutionary govt of France EXCEPT
The violence & chaos in cities caused by urban poor
The takeover of Catholic Church by govt
The execution of the King
They didn't want rights & freedoms
73
What is the belief that all institutions and belief systems should be subject to questioning?
Rational criticism
Anarchy
Medieval thinking
Religious tolerance
74
Who was a revo leader who successfully gained independence for many Latin American countries?
Pinochet
Santa Anna
Simon Bolivar
Maximilien
75
Who ruled Latin America before their wars of independence?
Creole elite
Peninsulars
Native Americans
Mestizoes
76
What country came to economically (& politically) dominate Latin Am countries after 1900?
The Netherlands (Holland/the Dutch)
Great Britain (England)
France
The U.S.
77
What did the radical oligarchy demand from all French people (or they could be executed)?
Freedom of speech & the press
Democracy for everyone
Devout nationalism
Christian virtue
78
What did the sans culottes (urban workers) push for & receive from National Assembly?
Right of assembly
Right to food & shelter
Right to vote for women
Right to vote for all white men (regardless of property)
79
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was a parish priest who lead independence by masses where
Brazil
Chile
Argentina
Mexico
80
Which Enlightenment thinker was a harsh critic of Christianity (due to its intolerance)?
Locke
Montesquieu
Diderot
Voltaire
81
What did the National Assembly do to the Catholic Church in France?
Made it totally under control of the state government
Nothing
They worked with Catholic authority in the government
Replaced Christianity with deism
82
What happened in 1917 in Mexico?
Invasion by Germany
War with the U.S.
A secondary revolution (for the poor masses)
A communist takeover
83
What Enlightenment thinker created and Encyclopedia, inclusive of studies of many subjects?
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Diderot
Locke
84
Who are the creole elite in Latin America?
Native born people of European descent
Appointed Spanish officials
Native Americans
Slaves
85
What is the belief that women should have equal social, political and economic rights with men?
Capitalism
Humanism
Feminism
Socialism
86
Napoleon was a huge fan of the Enlightenment and wanted to create a stable, free republic
True
False
87
What was the first modern republic created & founded on Enlightenment principles?
England
The United States
France
Mexico
