stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
PS101: R. Pister Laurier Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
PS101: R. Pister Laurier
PS101: R. Pister Laurier
137 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
18 plays
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
137 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
137
Answers
1
Which biological treatment involves an electromagnetic coil to stimulate the brain?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Deep Brain Stimulation
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Psychosurgery
2
According to Carl Jung, what are the two parts of the unconscious mind?
Personal Unconscious and Collective Unconscious
Basic Unconscious and Social Unconscious
Collective Unconscious and Conscious Mind
Super Unconscious and Subconscious
3
What value highlights that psychological perspectives evolve over time?
Contextual
Empirical
Theory-Driven
Multi-level
4
What is the primary purpose of neuroimaging techniques?
To test the strength of bones.
To measure the electrical signals in muscles.
To obtain visual images of brain activity and structure in awake humans.
To enhance muscle memory.
5
What does a skewed distribution indicate?
No varibility in the data set
Outliers have affected the shape of the distribution
Consistent central tendancies
Symmetrical data
6
Which limbic system structure processes emotions related to fear and anxiety?
Thalamus
Amygdala
Pituitary gland
Hippocampus
7
Which level of analysis focuses on brain cell activity?
The person
The brain
The group
The environment
8
What does a fixed ratio schedule involve in operant conditioning?
Reinforcing a behaviour at random intervals
Reinforcing a behaviour after a set time has passed
Reinforcing a behaviour after a specific number of responses
Reinforcing a behaviour after an average number of responses
9
What is "inattentional blindness"?
When we miss details in a visual stimulus due to lack of attention
When we focus intently on a specific visual stimulus
When we cannot see due to physical blindness
When we cannot recall details due to unconscious memory
10
What is hypnosis thought to do according to the Divided Consciousness Theory?
Block conscious awareness entirely
increase pain sensitivity
Stregthen conscious awareness
Split awareness into two parts
11
What is NOT a focus of psychology according to the course objectives?
Analyzing and challenging accepted “truths” about human behaviour
Differentiating various psychological theories and disciplines
Understanding the complexity of interactions that affect behaviours
Relying on mystical predictions like a Magic 8 Ball
12
What is an example of an operational definition of bullying?
"Bullying is a universal concept of harm."
"Bullying is mean behaviour by one person toward another."
"Bullying is a misuse of power in relationships."
"Counting the number of times a person calls another a name."
13
The DSM-5 is primarily used in which regions?
Europe and Africa
Canada and the United States
Asia and Austrailia
South America
14
Who is considered the creator of empiricism?
Reme Descartes
Socrates
Francis Bacon
John Locke
15
In classical conditioning, which component is a stimulus that elicits a response without prior learning?
Conditioned Response (CR)
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
16
What level of analysis considers social and cultural influences on behavio
u
r?
The environment
The group
The brain
The person
17
What concept is associated with John Locke?
Tabula rasa (blank slate)
Mind-body dualism
Psychoanalysis
Stream of consciousness
18
Successful therapists often:
avoid providing feedback to clients
build a sense of self-mastery in clients
use identical methods for all clients
focus exclusively on environmental factors
19
What is the core principle of respect for persons in ethical research?
Guaranteeing statistically significant results.
Recognizing the autonomy and intrinsic value of individuals.
Treating participants equally regardless of risks.
Avoiding unnecessary risks during research.
20
Why is psychology considered a science?
It relies on subjective opinions.
It involves mystical predictions of behaviour.
It disregards the scientific method.
It uses empirical research and data analysis.
21
Which branch focuses on applying psychology to real-life situations?
Research-focused
Applied
Academic
Clinical and Counselling
22
A malfunction in which brain areas is linked to OCD?
Temporal and occipital lobes
Brainstem and cerebellum
Hippocampus and amygdala
Orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nuclei
23
Why must a sample represent the population?
To reduce the need for inferential statistics.
To guarantee statistical significance.
To ensure random results.
To make accurate generalizations about the population.
24
Which theory explains drug addiction as a result of a less responsive reward system?
Activation-Synthesis Model
Reward Deficiency Syndrome
Circadian Rhythm Theory
Information Processing Theory
25
Which of the following helps in perspective-taking during stress?
viewing the situation in a broader context
solely relying on others advice
avoidoing thoughts about the stressor
focusing on the emotional reaction only
26
Beck’s cognitive therapy is primarily used to treat:
Bipolar Disorder
Depression
Generalized anxiety disorder
Phobias
27
What is a population in psychological research?
A randomly selected control group.
A small subset of individuals.
Students who sign up for a specific study.
The entire group of interest to researchers.
28
In operant conditioning, a punishment involves:
Removing the consequences of a behaviour
Increasing the likelihood of behaviour
Decreasing the likelihood of behaviour
Repeating the behaviour for reinforcement
29
Which type of drug is known for reducing pain and producing euphoria?
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Stimulants
Opioids
30
What is the placebo effect?
A therapy used for depression involving electrodes
An emotional reaction to positive reinforcement
A specific kind of psychotropic drug
Improvements from treatments with no therapeutic effect
31
Which trait is most strongly related to positive adaptation and resilience?
Gratitude
Zest
Kindness
Emotional stability
32
What does Cohen’s d measure?
The effect size in group comparisons
Statistical significance
The strength of the relationship between variables
The probability of random error
33
Which of the following is an example of internal stimuli?
Smelling flowers
Seeing a friend
Feeling sleepy
The sound of music
34
Which of the following is one of the six basic emotions?
gratitude
zest
hope
disgust
35
What does a correlation coefficient of 0.8 indicate?
A strong relationship
No relationship
A non-linear relationship
A weak relationship
36
What is the diathesis-stress model?
childhood trauma's resulting in psychosis
biological predisposition combined with negative events
a theory focusing on learned behaviours
chemical imbalance due to seratonin depletion
37
Which glial cell helps speed up neural transmission?
Motor neuron
Oligodendroglia
Microglia
Astroglia
38
In trait theory, Hans Eysenck identified which three personality "superfactors"?
Conscientiousness, Introversion, Extraversion
Agreeableness, Introversion, Neuroticism
Extroversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism
Openness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism
39
What is the function of astroglia?
Cleaning up dead cells and preventing infections.
Providing myelin to neurons.
Sending pain information to the spinal cord.
Creating the blood-brain barrier and aiding communication between neurons.
40
What best defines mental health?
general state of wellbeing or state of mind
lack of mental illness symptoms
a specific diagnosable condition
a permanent condition
41
Which of the following describes the “id” in personality theory?
The part of personality that focuses on self-concept and self-actualization
The internalized social rules and morals that define what is acceptable
A rational, problem-solving force that mediates between instincts & morals
responsible for basic instinctual drives such as eating, sleeping & comfort
42
What does the Feeling and Emotions Wheel aim to illustrate?
only positive emotions
the basic six emotions only
physical responses to stressors
the complexity if human emotions beyond basic emotions
43
What is the essence of true self-care?
engaging in spiritual practices only
seeking distractions to cope with stress
escaping from daily stressors frequently
building a life that doesn't require regular escape
44
What is Consciousness?
A state where we only recognize external sensations
Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment
Our physical awareness of external environments only
The brain's electrical response to stimuli
45
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Taking away a privilege after bad behavior
Removing an unpleasant task when a child behaves well
Giving a child praise for completing homework
Scolding a child for misbehaving
46
According to the levels of awareness, daydreaming falls under which level?
Highest level of awareness
Unconscious level
Middle level of awareness
Lowest level of awareness
47
What is a characteristic of maladaptive coping?
it always addresses the stressor directly
it onvolves avoidance-based behaviours that lack long-term benefits
it reduces stress over the long term
it aligns with the stressor
48
What activity contributes 3% to the course grade?
In-class tests
Research Participation
Chapter quizzes
Syllabus quiz
49
What is the primary criticism of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
It's too complex for practical use
It does not measure introversion and extraversion
It often lacks reliability in repeated tests
It's based on theories unrelated to personality
50
What is associative learning?
Learning through the association of stimuli or behaviours with consequences
Learning through observing others
Learning through trail and error without association
Learning that is focused only on memorization
51
What are the two essential beliefs of science?
Natural laws govern the universe, these laws are discoverable and testable.
Science relies solely on intuition and speculation.
Cause and effect are irrelevant, and experiments are unnecessary.
The universe is random, and laws cannot be discovered.
52
Which is NOT a characteristic of Roger's client-centered therapy?
Unconditional positive regard
Role-playing exercises
Accurate empathy
Genuineness
53
Which of the following is NOT considered an altered state of consciousness?
Hypnosis
Meditation
Dreaming
Focused attention
54
Which is NOT a consequence of mental health stigma?
denial of adequate housing
increased intelligence
increased isolation
internalized oppression
55
What are the three primary life tasks that define healthy personality functioning?
Independence, self-worth, emotional stability
Gaining wealth, becoming famous, gaining power
Representation of self & others, intimacy, cooperative behaviours
Avoiding stress, self-confidence, professional sucess
56
What is the main purpose of psychotropic drugs?
to balance blood sugar levels
to influence brain functioning
to improve heart health
to enhance memory retention
57
How fast can information travel in the brain?
68 mph
268 mph
200 mph
128 mph
58
According to research, approximately how much do
genetic factors
contribute to positive emotions?
10%
50%
25%
40%
59
Engaging in which activity helps maintain positive emotions intentionally?
ignoring negative feelings
avoiding social interactions
practicing mindfulness
pursuing materialistic goals
60
What method was central to structuralism?
Functional adaptation
Introspection
Psychoanalysis
Empirical observation
61
Which of the following is NOT a neuroimaging technique?
EEG
TMS
MRI
CT
62
Which neurotransmitters are associated with depression according to neuroscientists?
Cortisol and adrenaline
dopamine and acetylcholine
GABBA and glutamate
norepinephrine and seratonin
63
What type of neuron sends pain information to the spinal cord?
Glial cell
Motor neuron
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
64
What does a p-value of 0.03 indicate?
There is no relationship between variables.
The null hypothesis is correct.
The results are statistically significant.
The results are likely due to random chance.
65
Which type of reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?
Fixed ratio
Continuous reinforcement
Fixed interval
Variable ratio
66
What characterizes REM sleep?
Rapid eye movements and vivid dreams
Slow brain waves and deep sleep
Muscle relaxation and reduced brain activity
Increased heart rate and wakefullness
67
What type of neuron communicates between sensory and motor neurons?
Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Interneuron
Astroglia
68
What is a key goal of short-term psychodynamic therapy?
Strengthen familial bonds
Uncover multiple subconscious issues
Focus on a single dynamic problem
Eliminate all sources of stress
69
Using social media while studying is associated with:
Lower grades
Improved grades
Enhanced multitasking ability
Faster learning
70
What is NOT one of the four goals of psychology?
Hypothesize
Control
Describe
Predict
71
Which is an example of a negative symptom in schizophrenia?
flat affect
delusions
hallucinations
loose associations
72
What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
Coordination of movement and motor learning
Processing emotions like fear
Bridging the medulla and other brain areas
Regulating breathing and heartbeat
73
Which measure identifies the most frequently occurring value?
Mean
Median
Standard deviation
Mode
74
Who is most associated with functionalism?
John Locke
Edward Titchener
Sigmund Freud
William James
75
What differentiates Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) from everyday anxiety?
GAD does not impact daily life
GAD is proportionate to the situation
GAD is persistent and uncontrollable
GAD resolves without intervention
76
What happens during an action potential?
The neuron becomes more negative inside.
Myelin sheaths are removed.
Ion channels open, and the neuron becomes more positive inside.
The neuron stops sending signals.
77
Which theory suggests that dreams involve processing information from the day?
Information Processing Theory
Freudian Dream Theory
Activation-Synthesis Model
Restoration Theory
78
What was trephination believed to achieve?
to align nerve pathways
to release evil spirits causing mental dysfunction
to imporve blood circulation
to release fluids from the brain
79
What is a theory in psychology?
A random guess about human behaviour.
A fixed, unchanging belief.
A set of statements describing how variables relate.
A summary of previous research findings.
80
What distinguishes
self-care
from
coping
?
Self-care focuses on emotional reactions only.
Coping is adaptation to stress, self-care is ongoing maintenance of health.
Coping is ongoing maintenance of health, while self-care is temporary.
Both terms are interchangeable.
81
Mental illness requires which of the following for proper support?
none of the above
self-diagnosis
regular exercise
support from mental health specialties
82
Which factor is beneficial for facilitating learning?
Studying in the same location every time
Studying in different locations
Focusing on multitasking
Only studying right before a test
83
What is the main characteristic of Bipolar I disorder?
symptoms only induced by external factors
at least one hypomanic episode and no manic episiodes
at least one manic episode
only depressive episodes
84
...
The Big Five Personality Inventory
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
The VIA Character Strengths survey
85
Which structure in the midbrain is responsible for fluidity of movement?
Substantia nigra
Thalamus
Cerebral Cortex
Hippocampus
86
Which of the following statements about sleep and learning is TRUE?
Sleep improves only short-term memory, not long-term memory
Sleep deprivation improves focus
Sleep deprivation can impair attention and memory storage
Sleep deprivation has no effect on memory storage
87
Which of the following is NOT a category of mental health indicators?
physical
financial
cognitive
behavioural
88
What is the focus of second-wave cognitive-behavioural therapies?
Using positive reinforcement for healthy behaviors
Accepting problematic thoughts as thoughts without judgment
Encouraging role-playing exercises for social skills
Identifying and eliminating irrational thoughts
89
What does "free association" in psychodynamic therapy entail?
Client-led discussions to uncover unconscious events
Therapist-initiated conversations
Guided meditative practices
Role-playing traumatic experiences
90
What are the Nodes of Ranvier?
Regions of bare axon between areas wrapped in myelin.
The part of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored.
Gaps between neurons where synapses occur.
The receptors for neurotransmitters.
91
Which type of variable has numbers assigned to indicate degree or amount?
Qualitative
Dependent
Independent
Quantitative
92
Which theory explains GAD as intolerance of negative events?
intolerance of uncertainty theory
learned helplessness theory
social learning theory
attribution-helplessness theory
93
What is the purpose of the coefficient of determination (r²)?
To describe how much variance in one variable is explained by another.
To test statistical significance.
To identify nonlinear relationships.
To measure central tendency.
94
Which system is used by most countries to classify psychological disorders?
APA guidelines
WHO Manual
DSM-5
ICD-11
95
What was Wilhelm Wundt’s primary focus in psychology?
The unconscious mind
The study of consciousness
Perceptual wholes
Personality types
96
What is required for ethical research involving humans?
Eliminating the need for control groups.
Obtaining informed and voluntary consent.
Guaranteeing experimental success.
Ensuring participants are unaware of risks.
97
Which nervous system division controls external actions of skin and muscles?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Automatic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
98
Obsessions are:
Sudden panic attacks
Uncontrollable physical symptoms
Persistent, intrusive thoughts or impulses
Repetitive and rigid behaviours
99
Which part of the brain is involved in regulating sleep and mood?
Pons
Reticular formation
Cerebellum
Medulla
100
What is the role of the hippocampus in the limbic system?
Processing fear and anxiety.
Motor coordination.
Regulating hormones
Learning and memory.
101
Which coping strategy focuses on addressing emotional responses without addressing the actual stressor?
Avoidance-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping
Problem-focused coping
Adaptive copy
102
What topics will the tests focus on?
Material discussed in class only
Entire textbook, regardless of class coverage
Chapters skipped during class
Supplementary online resources
103
Which example represents a null hypothesis?
There is no difference between groups.
The experimental group performs better than the control group.
All groups show improvement over time.
There is a difference between groups.
104
What does the first belief of science imply?
Events happen randomly.
Laws are not applicable to human behaviour.
Testing predictions is not required.
We can identify cause-and-effect relationships.
105
Which Big Five personality trait is most strongly associated with positive emotions?
Neuroticism
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Conscientiousness
106
How much does the human brain weigh?
2lbs
5lbs
3lbs
8lbs
107
What percentage of the body's energy does the brain use?
30%
15%
20%
10%
108
What is blood-letting?
a surgical procedure on nerve pathways
removing impure fluids to treat conditions
using electric shock to trigger brain seizures
a process of social reintegration therapy
109
What is a primary limitation of behavioral therapies?
Lack of research support
Ineffectiveness in institutional settings
Inability to treat specific phobias
Lack of effectiveness for vague disorders
110
What distinguishes Gestalt psychology?
It emphasizes the whole being greater than the sum of its parts.
It uses introspection to identify sensory elements.
It relies on the study of unconscious conflicts.
It focuses on individual elements of consciousness.
111
What is the purpose of a hypothesis?
To propose a non-testable idea.
To summarize previous research.
To make a prediction derived from a theory.
To manipulate experimental variables.
112
Which criterion is defined as behaviour that interferes with daily functioning?
deviance
dystfunction
danger
distress
113
What is a key characteristic of scientific research in psychology?
Focusing on abstract, non-testable ideas.
Drawing conclusions without evidence.
Avoiding the use of natural laws.
Testing hypotheses and building systematic knowledge.
114
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assesses personality by measuring which of the following?
Dichotomies in preferences: introversion vs extraversion
Emotional stability and neuroticism
Levels of anxiety and aggression
An individual's need for social interaction
115
Which technique creates an anxiety hierarchy to gradually reduce fears?
Aversion therapy
Systematic Desensitization
Operant conditioning
Social skills training
116
Which dimension of self-care involves maintaining a healthy environment and surroundings?
emotional
environmental
apititudinal
relational
117
What does “Multi-Level” imply in psychology?
Prioritizing contextual influences
Focusing exclusively on group dynamics
Explaining behaviour solely through brain structure
Considering the brain, individual, and group levels
118
Which sleep disorder involves difficulty falling or staying asleep?
Sleep apnea
Narcolepsy
Insomnia
Night terrors
119
What is the main focus of existential therapy?
creating anxiety hierarchies
analyzing childhood events
helping clients develop social skills
encouraging clients to accept responsibility for their lives
120
Which humanist psychologist proposed the hierarchy of needs, including self-actualization at the top?
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Karen Horney
Alfred Adler
121
Which of the following is an example of a daily hassle?
surviving a natural disaster
Moving to a new city
losing your keys
living in poverty
122
What triggers the release of neurotransmitters across the synapse?
Release of myelin
Action potential
Glial cell activity
Resting potential
123
What critical skill is emphasized in the course?
Critical thinking to analyze human experiences
Experimenting with Magic 8 Balls
Learning new languages
Memorization of psychological theories
124
Which format is NOT considered an alternative to individual therapy?
family and couple therapy
psychotropic medication therapy
group therapy
community treatment
125
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Analyze data
Develop a theory
Identify a problem or question
Formulate a hypothesis
126
Socio-cultural conditions as stressors include:
learning a new language
chronic illness
losing a job
war and violence
127
Which model focuses on unconscious childhood conflicts?
neuroscience
psychodynamic
humanistic
cognitive-behavioural
128
Which neurotransmitter is associated with positive emotions in the reward centers of the brain?
Coritsol
Seratonin
Dopamine
Adrenaline
129
How many topics from each APA pillar will be covered?
1
2
3
4
130
According to research on twin studies, which personality trait model has a strong genetic component?
The Big Five personality traits
The Eysenck Superfactor Model
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
The Type A vs Type B personality model
131
The Developmental Psychopathology Model includes which concept?
operant conditioning
biochemical malfunctions
equifinality
selective perception
132
Which brain structure, when damaged, may affect wakefulness?
Hypothalamus
Reticular formation
Thalamus
Cerebral cortex
133
What is habituation in non-associative learning?
An increase in response to a new stimulus
A decrease in response to a repeated stimulus
A strong reaction to a weak stimulus
A learned association between two stimuli
134
What is the charge of a neuron at resting potential?
0 milivolts
-30 milivolts
+30 milivolts
-70 milivolts
135
What is the dependent variable in an experiment?
The variable being measured.
The variable being manipulated.
The population of the study.
The sample size.
136
What does the concept of “situationism” suggest about personality?
Situations largely drive behaviour rather than personality
Social situations are independant of personality traits
Personality is unaffected by social environments
Personality traits determine behaviour in all situations
137
What is the purpose of the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
To measure personality based on the "Big Five" traits
To provide insight into a individual's unconscious mind
To identify mental illness based on facial recognition
To evaluate an individual's moral and ethical decisions
