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AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
100 terms
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
100 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
2
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
color
saturation
brightness
3
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
4
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
neodynamism
functionalism
5
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
6
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
accuracy of inference
representativeness
consistency
7
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
8
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
delta
alpha
gamma
beta
9
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
a sedative
a narcotic
10
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
a just noticeable difference
11
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
behavior
conscious experience
the brain
the unconscious
12
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
happiness
surprise
sadness
13
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
not really been asleep
been dreaming
not been dreaming
14
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
print letters
tie shoe laces
sing a song
15
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
drive theory
16
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
extinction
17
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
18
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
punishment
observational learning
classical conditioning
19
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
20
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
21
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
22
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
23
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
24
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
a percentile score
mental age
IQ
25
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
26
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
27
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
iris
vitreous humor
lens
28
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
cognition
introspection
intelligence
mentalism
29
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
30
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
is consistent
31
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
32
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
physiological stability
33
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
pineal gland
thalamus
corpus callosum
34
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
35
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
conjunction heuristic
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
36
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
37
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
observational learning
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
38
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
display rules
investment differentiations
social scripts
39
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
criterion-related validity
predictive validity
content validity
40
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
direct observation
physiological recordings
psychological tests
41
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
42
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
insomnia
pseudoinsomnia
43
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
location of injury
thalamus
cortex
44
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
mnemonic
morphemic
platonic
45
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
morphemes
46
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
latent learning
operant conditioning
insight learning
47
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
48
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
endorphin
acetylcholine
dopamine
49
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
50
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
51
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
52
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
percentiles
standard deviation
means
53
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
memory
feeding
54
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
cookie
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
55
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
midpoint
mean
mode
56
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thalamus
thyroid
gonads
pituitary
57
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
reiteration
relearning
recognition
58
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
script
chunk
schema
59
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
60
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
pitch
decibels
loudness
61
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
oval window
cochlea
temporal lobe
62
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
musical
mechanical
spatial
63
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
content
criterion-related
absolute
64
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 1
stage 2
stage 4
65
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
66
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
67
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
insight
intelligence
creativity
68
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rabbit
loud noise
fear reaction
rat
69
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
70
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
tone
food/meat powder
light
71
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
72
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
ESB
tumor ligation
73
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
74
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
75
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
sensation
hypnosis
consciousness
76
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
hearing a sound
77
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the correlational group
the experimental group
the control group
78
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
79
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
short-term
sensory
intermediate-term
80
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
fill-feed
car-nose
boat-goat
81
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
selection
shaping
step-wise conditioning
82
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
semantic slanting
overextension
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
83
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
84
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
85
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
86
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
87
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
88
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
medulla
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
89
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
sensation
processing
perception
90
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
cultural practices
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
91
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
cannabis
narcotics
alcohol
92
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
mescaline
marijuana
cocaine
heroin
93
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test levels
test scales
test norms
94
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
95
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
agonists
action potentials
antagonists
96
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
constancy
closure
similiarity
97
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
limbic system
cerebellum
brainstem
reticular formation
98
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
William James
99
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
modeled
ablated
encoded
100
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
resistance to pain
