The research says the results are “statistically significant” which of the following is most likely

Difference means is so large it is not likely to occur to random chance

Which of the following types of studies is BEST for finding out the accuracy of a diagnostic test

Cross-sectional studies of patients with and without the disorder

What is a two-way test?

Test the influence of two different covariants

What is an example of a McNemar’s test

To compare the sensitivity and specificity of two different diagnostic test

Which of the following is type I error

Claims statistically significant change when there is none

A change of 12% WOMAC scores represents the smallest improvement. Which of the following terms is used to describe this

Minimal clinically important difference

Based on the article by Sackett, which of the following BEST illustrates evidence-based practice?

clinician integrates clinical expertise and current best evidence in decisi

A researcher is conducting a study on the influence of wearing shoes vs no shoes on stride length. Which is the null.

no difference in stride length when wearing shoes compared to no shoes

What is the purpose of a two sample (unpaired) T-test?

Compares two independent same pleas drawn from the same population

What is an example of a one-sampled (paired) test

Compare weight of infants before and after a feed

Which of the following is a type II error

Claims no statistically significant difference when there is

Which of the following reasons best explains why a study is a randomized-controlled trial

Participants were randomly assigned a treatment or control group

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Intro To research midterm

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Questions 28

Answers

1
Which of the following types of studies is it BEST to AVOID when asking questions about therapy?
Randomized-control trial
Non-experimental studies
Experimental studies
Systematic review
2
Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to be a barrier in practicing EBM
Time
Clinical experience
Knowledge
Access to information
3
The research says the results are “statistically significant” which of the following is most likely
Difference btwn means is so small it is not likely due to random chance
Difference btwn means is so large it occurs due to random chance alone
Difference means is so large it is not likely to occur to random chance
Difference Btwn means is so small it is likely to occur due to randomChance
4
What is the “gold standard” of studies
Other controlled clinical trials
Systematic reviews of RCTs
Observational studies
RCTs
5
Which of the following is the “gold standard” for determining whether a treatment is beneficial or harmful?
Randomized-controlled trial
Systematic review
Case-control study
Cross-sectional study
6
Which of the following types of studies is BEST for finding out the accuracy of a diagnostic test
Systematic reviews of patients with and without disorder
Randomized-controlled trials comparing individuals with and without disorde
Quasi-experimental studies of patients with and without disorder
Cross-sectional studies of patients with and without the disorder
7
What is a two-way test?
Assess the strength of the straight-line association between two continuous
Compare two independent samples drawn from same population
Test the influence of two different covariants
Test the null hyp. That the proportions estimated from a paired sample
8
What is an example of a McNemar’s test
To see how peak expiratory flow rate varies with height
To determine if the results differ in men and women
To compare the sensitivity and specificity of two different diagnostic test
Determine whether plasma glucose level is higher 1, 2, or 3H after meal
9
A researcher makes sure that assessors and participants are blinded to group allocation. What bias is minimized
Selection bias
Attrition bias
Performance bias
Detection bias
10
Waht is an example of an equivalent non-parametric test of regression by least-squares method
No direct equivalent
Spearman’s rank
X squared test
McNemar’s test
11
Spearman’s ran assesses the strength of the straight-line association between two continuous variables
True
False
12
Which of the following is type I error
Claims no statistically significant change when there is none
Claims statistically significant change when there is one
Claims no statistically significant change when there is one
Claims statistically significant change when there is none
13
Which of the following describes the statistical analysis
Means and standard deviations
Inferential statistics
Analysis of variance
Descriptive statistics
14
You are perusing Google scholar to find any research that is interesting to you. What term is appropriate for this?
Looking for answers
Browsing
Systematic reviewing
Surveying
15
A change of 12% WOMAC scores represents the smallest improvement. Which of the following terms is used to describe this
Minimal value error
Clinically important difference
Minimal clinically important difference
Standard error of change
16
Which of the following should the last sentence of the introduction of an article provide
The research hypothesis
The importance of the question
The overall findings
The research background
17
Based on the article by Sackett, which of the following BEST illustrates evidence-based practice?
clinician integrates clinical expertise and current best evidence in decisi
Clinician integrates clinical expertise and expertise of others in decision
A clinician uses experimental research to make treatment decisions
Clinician uses clinical expertise and RCTs to make treatment decisions
18
A researcher is conducting a study on the influence of wearing shoes vs no shoes on stride length. Which is the null.
a difference in stride length when wearing shoes compared to no shoes
Wearing shoes biases walking toward longer stride lengths
no difference in stride length when wearing shoes compared to no shoes
A difference in stride length when wearing no shoes compared to shoes
19
A study conducted and a number of people withdraw from the study. Which of the following is most likely to occur.
Detection bias
Selection bias
Performance bias
Attrition bias
20
A researcher is concerned with finding the prevalence of a pathology in the population. What research design is best
Case-control study
Cross-sectional study
Randomized controlled trial
Cohort study
21
What is the purpose of a two sample (unpaired) T-test?
Compares two independent same pleas drawn from the same population
Compares two sets of observations on a single sample
Assess the strength of the straight-line association between two continuous
Tests the influence of two different covariants
22
A single-blind study where the researchers were blinded to the treatment received by each participant. Bias avoided?
Detection bias
Selection bias
Performance bias
Attrition bias
23
A researcher is conducting a case-control study. Which of the following is most difficult to accomplish to avoid bias
Statistically associating cases with exposure
Correctly identifying cases
Correctly identifying controls
Defining exposures
24
What is an example of a one-sampled (paired) test
Determine whether a persons age BF and Na intake determine their BP
To determine if the results differ in men and women
Compared girls’ heights with boys’ heights
Compare weight of infants before and after a feed
25
Which of the rolling is an advantage of systematic reviews?
Only randomized controlled trials are used
Bias is minimized
Much reading is required
Conflicting results are magnified
26
Which of the following is a type II error
Claims no statistically significant difference when there is
Claims statistically significant difference when there was no change
claims no statistically significant difference when there was no change
Claims statistically significant difference when there is change
27
Study is under powered (little power). Which of the following is most likely to be the cause?
Study is comparing groups
Probability of differences between groups is small
Sample size is too small
Variance in the sample is too small
28
Which of the following reasons best explains why a study is a randomized-controlled trial
Participants were randomly assigned a treatment or control group
Participants were non-randomly assigned to a treatment group or control
Participants were randomly sampled
Participants were randomly recruited

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