Child Development Principles and Theories

Logical-mathematical intelligence is the ability to use logic and reason to solve problems.

Problem solving and _____ are developed during the fourth state, formal operations.

___ development involves using the small muscles of the hands and fingers.

During the preoperational stage of development, children think others see the world as they do.

Sharing of experiences, group activities, books focusing on emotions.

Adjusting to what is already known to fit the new information.

The growth or change that occurs in children is called _____.

Children who are highly naturalistic think....

Principle that development proceeds from the head downward.

Children from three to six years of age are called _________. 

Rhythm instruments, singing, and music.

Development proceeds in a predictable manner.

____ development involves learning to relate to others and express feelings.

Manipulatives for measuring, matching, and counting.

Theorist who believed children built knowledge through exploration with hands-on activities.

Links or connections between neurons are called ______.

Piaget's theory of development focuses on predictable _______ stages. 

Gross-motor development involves the small muscles of the hands and fingers.

Cognitive development involves feelings and the expression of feelings.

Piaget believed that learning was NOT limited by stage or maturation.

According to the _______ principle, development proceeds from the center of the body outward.

Gardner: intelligence is a result of complex interactions b/w children's heredity/experience.

_____ is one factor that causes harmful stress to infants.

Children who are highly bodily-kinesthetic think through...

Theorist believed intelligence is result of interactions b/w children's heredity & experiences.

Jean Piaget developed this theory.

Learning to relate to others is called ________ development.

Role-plays, drama, creative movement, and hands-on activities.

Children who are highly verbal-linguistic think......

Piaget believed learning should be child-centered.

Piaget's theory explained ________ operations.

The term that Vygotsky used for providing assistance was PRIVATE SPEECH.

The correct order of Piaget's stages of development during early childhood.

Children who are musical-rhythmic think though...

Development tends to proceed from the head downward according to the _______ principle.

Children who are highly intrapersonal think...

Storybooks, writing tools, paper, and discussions.

The first stage of development is called the ___ stage and occurs b/w birth and 2 years of age.

Classroom examples of emotions, areas to be alone, and self-paced projects.

Developmental theories provide insights into how children grow and learn.

One of Vygotsky's more important contributions was the zone of proximal development.

Spinal cord development occurs after the development in the child's outer body parts.

A principle or idea that is proposed, researched, and generally accepted as an explanation.

Children's learning is more meaningful when they construct their own knowledge.

Key times for brain synapses to link easily and efficiently are called ___________.

The processes used to gain knowledge are called ______ development.

Erikson proposed a theory of multiple intelligences.

Daily interaction with nurturing adults helps young children develop a network of brain cells.

Early care has a critical impact on how children develop, including their ability to learn.

Theorist whose eight stages included a social conflict or crises that must be resolved.

The first six months are a key window of opportunity for developing ______. 

Young children with verbal-linguistic intelligence learn best by talking, reading, and writing.

____ refers to the sequence of biological changes in children.

Brain development occurs most rapidly during the first three years of life.

Process of taking in more information and adding it to what the child already knows.

Theorist who contributed the zone of proximal development.

Piaget believed children construct their knowledge of the world through activities.

Children with naturalistic intelligence process knowledge through sensation.

__________ are mental representations or concepts.

Piaget believed that children naturally attempt to understand what they do not know.

Musical intelligence involves the ability to recognize musical patterns.

Piaget and Vygotsky believed that children build knowledge through experiences.

Children receive new info. & constantly create, modify, organize and reorganize schemata.

Vygotsky believed that language is important and plays a key role in cognitive development.

Children who are highly visual-spatial think...

The preoperational stage takes place between birth and two years of age.

Development is dependent on maturation.

The brain affects all aspects of growth and development.

Physical development includes changes in bone thickness and weight. 

Growth and maturation occur from the center of the body outward.

Vygotsky believed children learn through exploration with hands-on activities.

Piaget's fourth stage, formal operations, occurs between 7 and 11 years of age.

Erikson-During the first __ months of life, children learn to trust/mistrust their environment.

____ is adjusting what is already known to fit new information.

Erikson: children who are provided unrealistic expectations can develop incompetent feelings.

People with ______ intelligence display excellent communication and social skills.

Howard Gardner developed the theory of Multiple Intelligences.

___ believed children move forward in cognitive development with the right social interaction.

Development proceeds from the center of the body outward according to the _____ principle.

Howard Gardner's theory has helped teachers rethink how they work with young children.

During the sensorimotor stage, infants use all their senses to explore and learn.

Nature walks, gardening, and rock collections.

What is the objective of Erikson's second stage, autonomy versus shame and doubt?

Running, skipping, jumping, and climbing fall into the category of _____ development.

Piaget believed learning occurs best when it comes from self-initiated activities.

Early stimulation sets the stage for future cognitive processes.

Children who are logical-mathematical think through...

Development refers to a change or growth in children.

Piaget believed objects should NOT be provided for hands-on activities.

Puzzles, blocks, and visual aids. 

Vygotsky's theory includes eight stages.

Each child moves through development at his or her own rate.

People with intrapersonal intelligence display excellent communication and social skills.

From birth to one year, children are called _______.

Growth and maturation proceed from the head down.

Piaget believed children's thinking develops in stages.

The theories provided by Erikson, Piaget, and Vygotsky can be useful decision-making tools.

The brain contains billions of specialized nerve cells called synapses.

Specialized nerve cells in the brain are called ______.

What is the zone of proximal development?

Naturalistic intelligence allows people to use their vision to develop mental images. 

Children from age one up to three years of age are called _______.

The sequence of biological changes in children.

Brain development begins within a week of conception.

Knowledge is constructed through problem solving and interaction with others.

Caregiving that encourage loving attachments promote healthy development for a lifetime.

Maturation refers to a sequence of biological events occurring within the child.

Children move through the growth processes at their own rates.

Children who are highly interpersonal think...

According to Erikson, during the first 18 months children learn to trust or mistrust.

The right input at the right time is critical for a child to fully develop his or her potential

Changes in bone thickness/vision/hearing/muscle/size/weight are all part of ____ development.

Which term is used to describe a child from birth to the first year.

During the concrete operations stage, children develop the ability to _______ systematically.