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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
cognitive
evolutionary
humanistic
2
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
standardized
triarchic
achievement
3
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
cognitive
humanistic
psychoanalytic
4
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
5
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
reaction formation
displacement
projection
6
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
7
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
8
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : decrease
9
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
10
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
William James
Albert Bandura
11
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
12
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
disinhibition
social roles
social facilitation
13
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
14
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
15
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
16
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
variances
outliers
normally distributed
17
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
18
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
PET
EEG
19
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
20
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
planning for the future
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
21
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
a theory
overconfidence
22
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
23
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
24
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
25
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
REBT
token economies
26
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
27
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
28
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
29
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
30
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
31
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
32
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
33
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
34
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
35
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
36
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
developmental study
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
37
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
38
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
39
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
40
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive reinforcement
modeling
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
41
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
42
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
43
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
Moro
stepping
rooting
44
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
self-serving bias
individualism
compliance strategies
45
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
46
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
sound localization
47
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
early 20s
late 40s
puberty
48
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
convergence
closure
linear perspective
49
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
50
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
deindividuation
groupthink
social facilitation
51
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
52
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
53
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic chiasm
optic nerve
feature detectors
fovea
54
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
55
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
repressed memories
56
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
57
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
58
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
59
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
60
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
attachment
universal ethical principles
object permanence
61
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
postconventional
theory Y
62
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
dispositional
behavioral
social
63
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
motor development
parenting style
assimilation
64
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
65
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
66
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
situational
fundamental
internal
67
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
cones
rods
optic nerve
68
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
variable interval
continuous
fixed ratio
69
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
clap their hands
say a sentence
70
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
discrimination
accommodation
assimilation
71
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
72
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
73
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
74
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
75
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
76
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
health psychology
77
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
78
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
79
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
80
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
median
mean
standard deviation
81
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
content validity
split-half reliability
82
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
retina
fovea
blind spot
83
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
holobase
morpheme
grapheme
84
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
biological
psychodynamic
evolutionary
85
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
86
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
amygdala
87
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hypothalamus
pons
88
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
median
standard deviation
mean
89
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
eat a meal
go for a run
90
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
just world bias
Barnum effect
91
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
sight
touch
hearing
92
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
assignment to conditions
random sampling
representative assignment
93
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
mental retardation
94
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
95
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
96
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
97
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
98
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
phallic stage
oral stage
latency period
99
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
temperament
culture
environment
100
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
101
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
102
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
103
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
104
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
105
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
106
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
biological
psychoanalytic
trait
107
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
latent learning
modeling
sublimation
108
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
109
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
sleep spindles
alpha waves
delta waves
beta waves
110
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
111
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
112
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
113
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
cognitive
pharmacological
structuralist
114
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
medulla
sensory cortex
cerebellum
115
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
116
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
117
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
tolerance
antagonists
activation-synthesis
118
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
119
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
inferential statistics
120
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
121
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
122
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
123
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
latent learning
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
124
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
125
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
126
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
dopamine
adrenaline
serotonin
127
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
128
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
insight learning
latent learning
observational learning
129
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
130
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
131
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
neurotransmiters
myelin
synaptic cleft
132
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
133
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
134
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
naturalistic observation
experiment
correlation study
135
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
136
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
68
84
95
137
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
138
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
139
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
140
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
141
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
primary
partial
continuous
142
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
personalities
daily activities
143
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
144
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
145
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
lithium
146
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Broca's area
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
147
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
token economy
behavior shaping
148
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
standardization
construct validity
149
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
behavioral
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
150
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
151
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft