Which of the following appropriately depicts a mathematical model from this conceptual model?

Abundance change = # births − # deaths + # immigrants − # emigrants

Which of the following is true when comparing a species’ fundamental niche with its realized niche?

The fundamental niche will be equal to or greater than the realized niche

Keystone species within an ecosystem are those that:

have greatest influence on the function and diversity of the food web

In the mathematical model for the principle of allocation, what does the Eassimilation represent?

The total energy converted to an organism’s biomass

Which of the following statements provides an example of anthropogenic climate change?

Burning of fossil fuels increases global greenhouse gases

Which of the following statements is best supported by the figure?

The cutthroat trout represents the apex predator within the food chain

Food webs differ from food chains in that food webs:

account for multiple trophic interactions for certain taxa in the community

An ecosystem is defined as:

a group of interacting organisms and their physical environment

What is the definition of ecology?

Study of interactions that determine distribution & abundance of organisms

What does the pi variable represent in the Shannon diversity index equation H′ = −Σ[pi ln(pi)]?

The proportion of whole community represented by individuals in species i.

Search costs for predators are minimal when _____, and handling costs for predators are high when ______.

prey is abundant; prey is hard to capture

Which of the four ecological science approaches did Edward Forbes use for this scientific work?

Observation and natural history

Which of the two following traits will likely lead to the highest primary productivity in a terrestrial biome?

High solar radiation and high precipitation

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Fall '24 Bio 354 Final Exam

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Questions 24

Answers

1
Which two mechanisms will result in a population increase?
Birth and death
Birth and immigration
Birth and emigration
Death and emigration
Death and immigration
2
Which of the following terms describes a measure of how equally individuals are distributed among species in a sample?
Species alpha diversity
Species evenness
Species richness
Species-area relationship
Species abundance
3
The Shannon-diversity index only takes into account species evenness when generating a diversity index.
True
False
4
Foundation species have a disproportionate effect on the environment that they live in and have a very small biomass.
True
False
5
Which of the following describes how an organism attempts to maximize beneficial “choices” relative to costly “choices”?
Principle of allocation
Trade-off
Optimization
Optimal foraging theory
6
Which of the following appropriately depicts a mathematical model from this conceptual model?
Abundance change = # births − # deaths + # emigrants − # immigrants
Abundance change = # immigrants − # emigrants + # deaths − # births
Abundance change = # births − # deaths − # immigrants − # emigrants
Abundance change = # immigrants + # emigrants − # deaths + # births
Abundance change = # births − # deaths + # immigrants − # emigrants
7
Which of the following nearshore aquatic biological zones is the interface between rivers and oceans?
Sandy bottom zones
Coral reefs
Estuaries
Mangrove forests
Seagrass beds
8
________ follows long-term patterns in precipitation, whereas _______ follows short-term patterns in precipitation.
Seasonal weather; daily climate
Daily climate; seasonal weather
Climate; weather
Weather; climate
9
Which of the following is true when comparing a species’ fundamental niche with its realized niche?
The fundamental niche will expand as the realized niche contracts
The fundamental niche will expand as the realize niche expands
The fundamental niche will be equal to the realized niche
The fundamental niche will be equal to or greater than the realized niche
The fundamental niche will be equal to or less than the realized niche
10
Keystone species within an ecosystem are those that:
have the most trophic interactions within the food web
have greatest influence on the function and diversity of the food web
introduce the most energy and biomass into the food web
feed upon the most taxa within the food web
are fed upon by the most taxa within the food web
11
In the mathematical model for the principle of allocation, what does the E_assimilation represent?
The total energy lost to the environment as heat
The total energy used for the production and care of offspring
The total energy converted to an organism’s biomass
The total energy devoted to excretion of metabolic byproducts
The total energy devoted to all metabolic activities
12
Which of the following statements provides an example of anthropogenic climate change?
Higher solar output increases global temperatures
Earth’s orbit around the sun becomes larger, decreasing global temperatures
Burning of fossil fuels increases global greenhouse gases
Higher volcanic activity increases global greenhouse gases
13
Which of the following statements is best supported by the figure?
The tui chub represents the primary consumer within the food chain
The cutthroat trout represents the apex predator within the food chain
14
Which term describes an interaction where one species benefits and the other species neither benefits nor is harmed?
Exploitation
Predation
Competition
Commensalism
Mutualism
15
Food webs differ from food chains in that food webs:
incorporate more taxa in a given community
depict both direct and indirect effects among community members
include water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen
require greater rates of primary production among autotrophs
account for multiple trophic interactions for certain taxa in the community
16
Which of the following groups is responsible for introducing energy into food chains?
Quaternary consumers
Primary consumers
Primary producers
Tertiary consumers
Secondary consumers
17
Which scientist was the first to use the term ecology/Oekologie?
Richard Corlett
Eugene Stoermer
Paul Crutzen
Ernst Haeckel
Aldo Leopold
18
A species’ ecological niche is the same regardless of existing in an ecological community & interacting w/ o/ species.
False
True
19
An ecosystem is defined as:
the physical environment in which organisms interact
a group of individuals of one species that can interbreed
all the organisms that live in an area
a group of interacting organisms and their physical environment
20
What is the definition of ecology?
Study of the distribution of organisms due to their relationships
Study of animal and plant interactions
Study of the abundance of animals and plants
Study of interactions that determine distribution & abundance of organisms
Study of the environment that organisms live in
21
What does the p_ivariable represent in the Shannon diversity index equation H′ = −Σ[p_i ln(p_i)]?
The proportion of whole community represented by individuals in species i.
The proportion of the whole region represented by species in community i.
The proportion of the whole biome represented by communities in region i.
22
Search costs for predators are minimal when _____, and handling costs for predators are high when ______.
prey is abundant; prey requires little manipulation to consume
prey is rare; prey is easy to capture
prey is abundant; prey is hard to capture
prey is rare; prey requires a lot of manipulation to consume
prey is rare; prey requires little manipulation to consume
23
Which of the four ecological science approaches did Edward Forbes use for this scientific work?
Experimental ecology and null hypothesis testing
Multiple hypothesis testing with best-fit comparisons
Ecological modeling
Observation and natural history
24
Which of the two following traits will likely lead to the highest primary productivity in a terrestrial biome?
Low solar radiation and low precipitation
High solar radiation and low precipitation
Low solar radiation and high precipitation
High solar radiation and high precipitation

Fall '24 Bio 354 Final Exam Flashcards | StudBud